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Efriem S, Sabastian C, Blum S, Fleker M, Mabjeesh SJ, Britzi M. Resistant Bacteria in Broiler Litter Used as Ruminant Feed: Effect of Biotic Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1093. [PMID: 37508189 PMCID: PMC10376094 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial drugs and coccidiostats in poultry farming is widespread, with a significant proportion of these drugs being excreted and released into the environment. The residues of such drugs in poultry litter (PL) can result in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The impact of different biotic treatments (aerobic, anaerobic, and stacking) on broiler litter (BL) before its use as animal feed has not been studied extensively, nor have the differences between antimicrobial-dependent and independent broiler farms been investigated. This study aimed to determine the resistant bacteria in BL used as ruminant feed before and after litter treatment. The results show that the most resistant bacteria before BL treatment were the Enterococcus species. This study also found that the quantity of amoxicillin-resistant Enterococcus detected in samples from antimicrobial-dependent farms was significantly higher than in those from antimicrobial-independent farms. Additionally, 14% of bacteria were multi-resistant to tetracycline, sulfafurazole, and erythromycin in antimicrobial-independent farm litters, significantly lower than those measured in antimicrobial-dependent broiler farm litter. This study highlights the importance of better understanding, regulating, managing, and using animal waste appropriately to reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and minimize the use of antimicrobials that carry high risks for animals, humans, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Efriem
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.E.)
- National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel;
| | - Chris Sabastian
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.E.)
| | - Shlomo Blum
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Marcelo Fleker
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Sameer J. Mabjeesh
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.E.)
| | - Malka Britzi
- National Residue Control Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 5025001, Israel;
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2
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Castellano-Hinojosa A, Gallardo-Altamirano MJ, González-López J, González-Martínez A. Anticancer drugs in wastewater and natural environments: A review on their occurrence, environmental persistence, treatment, and ecological risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130818. [PMID: 36680899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of anticancer drugs (also known as chemotherapy drugs or antineoplastic drugs) has augmented over the last decades due to increased cancer incidence. Although there is an increasing concern about the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in natural environments and urban/domestic wastewater, anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy and anticancer medication have received less attention. In this review, the occurrence, environmental persistence, and known and potential ecological impacts of anticancer drugs is discussed. This review shows that these compounds are being increasingly detected in effluents of hospitals, influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants, river surface water and sediments, groundwater, and even drinking water. Anticancer drugs can impact aquatic organisms such as algae, crustaceans, rotifers, and fish and may promote changes in soil and water microbial communities that may alter ecosystem functioning. Our knowledge of technologies for the removal of anticancer drugs is still limited, and these drugs can be dispersed in nature in a diffuse way in an uncontrolled manner. For this reason, an improved understanding of the presence, persistence, and ecological impacts of anticancer drugs in wastewater and natural environments is needed to help design management strategies, protect aquatic microorganisms, and mitigate potential ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús González-López
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Kebede AA, Bedada TL, Teklu DS, Beyene D, Tullu KD. Occurrence and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in governmental hospitals wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:57. [PMID: 35996198 PMCID: PMC9394061 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-022-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, come out and dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been warning the efficacy of antibiotics to treat an infection. Hospital wastewaters were a reservoir of such kind of resistant bacteria. Currently, the predominant antibiotics used for the treatment of hospitalized patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria are the β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, it is an important source to investigate the magnitude of ESBLs producing bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs-pE) and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in wastewater released from five governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 31, 2020. A total of 100 wastewaters were collected from five governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa using a grap-sampling technique. All Enterobacteriaceae were screened for ESBLs production using cefotaxime and ceftazidime as per 29th CLSI guideline. Each screen positive for ESBLs production was confirmed by the combination disk method (CDT) and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was done using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar (MHA). Data were entered and summarized using SPSS version 20 software. Results Of all Enterobacteriaceae, 48.3% were confirmed ESBLs-pE. The highest ratio of ESBLs-PE was observed in the adult ward (66.7%) and laundry unit effluent (58.8%). The highest ESBL producers were E. coli (21.8%) and K. pneumoniae (4.8%). The most elevated resistance level of ESBL producers were observed to cefotaxime (95.8%) and amoxicillin/clavunalate (93%). 64% of tested Enterobacteriaceae isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR).
Conclusions Higher magnitude of MDR and ESBLs-pE were present in the hospital wastewater. The majority of them were in the adult ward and laundry unit effluents. The most frequent ESBLs-pE was among E.coli and K. pneumoniae. Hence, Consistent infection prevention and control procedures should be in practice at each ward/unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alehegn Amare Kebede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfaye Legesse Bedada
- Department of Public Health Microbiology, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dejenie Shiferaw Teklu
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Degefu Beyene
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta Tullu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wang S, Fu C, Liu K, Cui J, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Engineering a Synthetic Pathway for Gentisate in Pseudomonas Chlororaphis P3. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:622226. [PMID: 33553126 PMCID: PMC7862547 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.622226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas chlororaphis P3 has been well-engineered as a platform organism for biologicals production due to enhanced shikimate pathway and excellent physiological and genetic characteristics. Gentisate displays high antiradical and antioxidant activities and is an important intermediate that can be used as a precursor for drugs. Herein, a plasmid-free biosynthetic pathway of gentisate was constructed by connecting the endogenous degradation pathway from 3-hydroxybenzoate in Pseudomonas for the first time. As a result, the production of gentisate reached 365 mg/L from 3-HBA via blocking gentisate conversion and enhancing the gentisate precursors supply through the overexpression of the rate-limiting step. With a close-up at the future perspectives, a series of bioactive compounds could be achieved by constructing synthetic pathways in conventional Pseudomonas to establish a cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Olendorff SA, Chmielewska K, Tucker KR. Survey of antibiotics residues in DDGS from 14 different states by LCMS. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin R. Tucker
- Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville IL USA
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Limmathurotsakul D, Sandoe JAT, Barrett DC, Corley M, Hsu LY, Mendelson M, Collignon P, Laxminarayan R, Peacock SJ, Howard P. 'Antibiotic footprint' as a communication tool to aid reduction of antibiotic consumption. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:2122-2127. [PMID: 31074489 PMCID: PMC6640305 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
'Superbugs', bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, have been in numerous media headlines, raising awareness of antibiotic resistance and leading to multiple action plans from policymakers worldwide. However, many commonly used terms, such as 'the war against superbugs', risk misleading people to request 'new' or 'stronger' antibiotics from their doctors, veterinary surgeons or pharmacists, rather than addressing a fundamental issue: the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals. Simple measures of antibiotic consumption are needed for mass communication. In this article, we describe the concept of the 'antibiotic footprint' as a tool to communicate to the public the magnitude of antibiotic use in humans, animals and industry, and how it could support the reduction of overuse and misuse of antibiotics worldwide. We propose that people need to make appropriate changes in behaviour that reduce their direct and indirect consumption of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jonathan A T Sandoe
- University of Leeds/Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham B1 3NJ, UK
| | - David C Barrett
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Michael Corley
- British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham B1 3NJ, UK
| | - Li Yang Hsu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117649, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Moulmein Road, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
| | - Peter Collignon
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, 2605, Australia
- Medical School, Australian National University, Acton, 2606, Australia
| | - Ramanan Laxminarayan
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, 110024, India
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Philip Howard
- University of Leeds/Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham B1 3NJ, UK
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7
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Cycoń M, Mrozik A, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Antibiotics in the Soil Environment-Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 30906284 PMCID: PMC6418018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics play a key role in the management of infectious diseases in humans, animals, livestock, and aquacultures all over the world. The release of increasing amount of antibiotics into waters and soils creates a potential threat to all microorganisms in these environments. This review addresses issues related to the fate and degradation of antibiotics in soils and the impact of antibiotics on the structural, genetic and functional diversity of microbial communities. Due to the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which is considered a worldwide public health problem, the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils are also discussed. When antibiotic residues enter the soil, the main processes determining their persistence are sorption to organic particles and degradation/transformation. The wide range of DT50 values for antibiotic residues in soils shows that the processes governing persistence depend on a number of different factors, e.g., physico-chemical properties of the residue, characteristics of the soil, and climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and humidity). The results presented in this review show that antibiotics affect soil microorganisms by changing their enzyme activity and ability to metabolize different carbon sources, as well as by altering the overall microbial biomass and the relative abundance of different groups (i.e., Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi) in microbial communities. Studies using methods based on analyses of nucleic acids prove that antibiotics alter the biodiversity of microbial communities and the presence of many types of ARGs in soil are affected by agricultural and human activities. It is worth emphasizing that studies on ARGs in soil have resulted in the discovery of new genes and enzymes responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics. However, many ambiguous results indicate that precise estimation of the impact of antibiotics on the activity and diversity of soil microbial communities is a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Cycoń
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mrozik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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8
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Saha D, Mukherjee R. Ameliorating the antimicrobial resistance crisis: phage therapy. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:781-790. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Saha
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Tirupati India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Tirupati India
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9
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Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Response to the Application of Cefuroxime and/or Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas putida Strain MC1. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cefuroxime (XM), the most commonly prescribed antibiotic from the cephalosporin group, may cause changes in the structure of the soil microbial community, and these changes may also be reflected in the alteration of its functionality. Therefore, due to the lack of studies on this topic, the scope of this study was to assess the functional diversity and catabolic activity of the microbial community in soil treated with XM (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg soil) using the community-level physiological profile (CLPP) approach during a 90-day experiment. In addition, the effect of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain MC1 (Ps) was also evaluated. The resistance/resilience concept and multifactorial analysis were used to interpret the data. The results showed that the introduction of XM and/or Ps into the soil caused changes in the catabolic activity and functional diversity of the microbial community. A decrease in the values of the CLPP indices (i.e., microbial activity expressed as the average well-color development (AWCD), substrate richness (R), the Shannon-Wiener (H) and evenness (E) indices and the AWCD values for the six carbon substrate groups) for the XM-treated soil was generally detected up to 30 days. In turn, at the same time, the activity measured in the Ps-inoculated soil was higher compared to the control soil. A stimulatory effect of XM at 10 mg/kg (XM10) and XM10+Ps on the utilization pattern of each substrate group was found at the following sampling times (days 60 and 90). The AWCD values for the utilization of amines, amino acids, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, miscellaneous compounds and polymers for these treatments were found to be up to 2.3-, 3.1-, 2.3-, 13-, 3.4- and 3.3-fold higher compared to the values for the nontreated control, respectively. The resistance of the CLPP indices and the AWCD values for the carbon substrate groups were categorized as follows: E > H > R > AWCD and amino acids = carbohydrates > polymers > amines > miscellaneous > carboxylic acids, respectively. The results suggest a low initial resistance of the soil microbial community to XM and/or Ps, and despite the short-term negative effect, the balance of the soil ecosystem may be disturbed.
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10
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Berendsen BJA, Lahr J, Nibbeling C, Jansen LJM, Bongers IEA, Wipfler EL, van de Schans MGM. The persistence of a broad range of antibiotics during calve, pig and broiler manure storage. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 204:267-276. [PMID: 29660540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
After administration to livestock, a large fraction of antibiotics are excreted unchanged via excreta and can be transferred to agricultural land. For effective risk assessment a critical factor is to determine which antibiotics can be expected in the different environmental compartments. After excretion, the first relevant compartment is manure storage. In the current study, the fate of a broad scope of antibiotics (n = 46) during manure storage of different livestock animals (calves, pigs, broilers) was investigated. Manure samples were fortified with antibiotics and incubated during 24 days. Analysis was carried out by LC-MS. The dissipation of the antibiotics was modelled based on the recommendations of FOCUS working group. Sulphonamides relatively quickly dissipate in all manure types, with a DT90 of in general between 0.2 and 30 days. Tetracyclines (DT90 up to 422 days), quinolones (DT90 100-5800 days), macrolides (DT90 18-1000 days), lincosamides (DT90 135-1400 days) and pleuromutilins (DT90 of 49-1100 days) are in general much more persistent, but rates depend on the manure type. Specifically lincomycin, pirlimycin, tiamulin and most quinolones are very persistent in manure with more than 10% of the native compound remaining after a year in most manure types. For all compounds tested in the sub-set, except the macrolides, the dissipation was an abiotic process. Based on the persistence and current frequency of use, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, flumequine and tilmicosin can be expected to end up in environmental compartments. Ecotoxicological data should be used to further prioritize these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J A Berendsen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Lahr
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Nibbeling
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L J M Jansen
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I E A Bongers
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E L Wipfler
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M G M van de Schans
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wongsuvan G, Wuthiekanun V, Hinjoy S, Day NP, Limmathurotsakul D. Antibiotic use in poultry: a survey of eight farms in Thailand. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 96:94-100. [PMID: 29403112 PMCID: PMC5791776 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.195834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate antibiotic use in poultry farms in Thailand and estimate the total amount of antibiotics used annually in Thai production of chicken meat. Methods In a single province, we surveyed eight farms in which chickens were raised for meat and interviewed the farms’ owners in 2016. The antibiotic use for each chicken was defined as the amount of antibiotic given to the chicken over its entire lifetime divided by the target weight of the chicken at the time of its slaughter. Assuming that the results were nationally representative, we estimated annual antibiotic use on all Thai chickens raised for meat. Findings No use of antibiotics for growth promotion was reported. Five farms raised 1-kg chickens for company A and reportedly used no antibiotics unless the chickens were sick. The other three farms raised 3-kg chickens for company B and reported routine use of antibiotics for prophylaxis. Per kg final weight, each chicken raised for company B was reportedly routinely given a mean of 101 mg of antibiotics – that is, 33 mg of amoxicillin, 29 mg colistin, 19 mg oxytetracycline, 18 mg doxycycline and 2 mg tilmicosin. The total amount of antibiotic used on all Thai chickens raised for meat in 2016 was estimated to be 161 tonnes. Conclusion Each year in Thailand, many tonnes of antibiotics are probably routinely used in raising chickens for meat. Labels on retail packs of meat should include data on antibiotic use in the production of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gumphol Wongsuvan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Vanaporn Wuthiekanun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Soawapak Hinjoy
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Nicholas Pj Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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12
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Suresh G, Das RK, Kaur Brar S, Rouissi T, Avalos Ramirez A, Chorfi Y, Godbout S. Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed: molecular perspectives. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:318-335. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1373062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratul Kumar Das
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurgaon, India
| | | | | | - Antonio Avalos Ramirez
- Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologie Environnementales Inc, Shawinigan, Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Stephane Godbout
- Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement, Québec, Canada
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13
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Asfaw T, Negash L, Kahsay A, Weldu Y. Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from Treated and Untreated Hospital Wastewater at Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle, North Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2017.712067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Xi X, Wang M, Chen Y, Yu S, Hong Y, Ma J, Wu Q, Lin Q, Xu X. Adaption of the microbial community to continuous exposures of multiple residual antibiotics in sediments from a salt-water aquacultural farm. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 290:96-105. [PMID: 25746569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Residual antibiotics from aquacultural farming may alter microbial community structure in aquatic environments in ways that may adversely or positively impact microbially-mediated ecological functions. This study investigated 26 ponds (26 composited samples) used to produce fish, razor clam and shrimp (farming and drying) and 2 channels (10 samples) in a saltwater aquacultural farm in southern China to characterize microbial community structure (represented by phospholipid fatty acids) in surface sediments (0-10 cm) with long-term exposure to residual antibiotics. 11 out of 14 widely-used antibiotics were quantifiable at μg kg(-1) levels in sediments but their concentrations did not statistically differ among ponds and channels, except norfloxacin in drying shrimp ponds and thiamphenicol in razor clam ponds. Concentrations of protozoan PLFAs were significantly increased in sediments from razor clam ponds while other microbial groups were similar among ponds and channels. Both canonical-correlation and stepwise-multiple-regression analyses on microbial community and residual antibiotics suggested that roxithromycin residuals were significantly related to shifts in microbial community structure in sediments. This study provided field evidence that multiple residual antibiotics at low environmental levels from aquacultural farming do not produce fundamental shifts in microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Xi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Youwei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaoyin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Abstract
Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. They are ancient elements that are a hot spot for genomic complexity, generating phenotypic diversity and shaping adaptive responses. In recent times, they have had a major role in the acquisition, expression, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Assessing the ongoing threats posed by integrons requires an understanding of their origins and evolutionary history. This review examines the functions and activities of integrons before the antibiotic era. It shows how antibiotic use selected particular integrons from among the environmental pool of these elements, such that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Finally, it examines the potential consequences of widespread pollution with the novel integrons that have been assembled via the agency of human antibiotic use and speculates on the potential uses of integrons as platforms for biotechnology.
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