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Jeckel H, Nosho K, Neuhaus K, Hastewell AD, Skinner DJ, Saha D, Netter N, Paczia N, Dunkel J, Drescher K. Simultaneous spatiotemporal transcriptomics and microscopy of Bacillus subtilis swarm development reveal cooperation across generations. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2378-2391. [PMID: 37973866 PMCID: PMC10686836 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of microbial communities is a complex multiscale phenomenon with wide-ranging biomedical and ecological implications. How biological and physical processes determine emergent spatial structures in microbial communities remains poorly understood due to a lack of simultaneous measurements of gene expression and cellular behaviour in space and time. Here we combined live-cell microscopy with a robotic arm for spatiotemporal sampling, which enabled us to simultaneously acquire phenotypic imaging data and spatiotemporal transcriptomes during Bacillus subtilis swarm development. Quantitative characterization of the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns revealed correlations with cellular and collective properties, and phenotypic subpopulations. By integrating these data with spatiotemporal metabolome measurements, we discovered a spatiotemporal cross-feeding mechanism fuelling swarm development: during their migration, earlier generations deposit metabolites which are consumed by later generations that swarm across the same location. These results highlight the importance of spatiotemporal effects during the emergence of phenotypic subpopulations and their interactions in bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jeckel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kazuki Nosho
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Neuhaus
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alasdair D Hastewell
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dominic J Skinner
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Dibya Saha
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Paczia
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dunkel
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Knut Drescher
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Manner C, Dias Teixeira R, Saha D, Kaczmarczyk A, Zemp R, Wyss F, Jaeger T, Laventie BJ, Boyer S, Malone JG, Qvortrup K, Andersen JB, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Hiller S, Drescher K, Jenal U. A genetic switch controls Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface colonization. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1520-1533. [PMID: 37291227 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient colonization of mucosal surfaces is essential for opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but how bacteria collectively and individually adapt to optimize adherence, virulence and dispersal is largely unclear. Here we identified a stochastic genetic switch, hecR-hecE, which is expressed bimodally and generates functionally distinct bacterial subpopulations to balance P. aeruginosa growth and dispersal on surfaces. HecE inhibits the phosphodiesterase BifA and stimulates the diguanylate cyclase WspR to increase c-di-GMP second messenger levels and promote surface colonization in a subpopulation of cells; low-level HecE-expressing cells disperse. The fraction of HecE+ cells is tuned by different stress factors and determines the balance between biofilm formation and long-range cell dispersal of surface-grown communities. We also demonstrate that the HecE pathway represents a druggable target to effectively counter P. aeruginosa surface colonization. Exposing such binary states opens up new ways to control mucosal infections by a major human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dibya Saha
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fabian Wyss
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tina Jaeger
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Biomedizin, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sebastien Boyer
- sciCORE, Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob G Malone
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Alam MS, Karim MB, Mazumder MW, Begum S, Benzamin M, Rahman MH, Hassan MM, Rahman MA, Mondal M, Saha D, Biswas SA. Comparison of Serum Zinc in Children of Wilson Disease and Non-Wilsonian Volunteers in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:681-689. [PMID: 37391960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism with diverse clinical manifestations. Zinc (Zn) has been used for treatment of WD. Recent studies showed low serum zinc level in patients suffering from WD than the normal. This cross-sectional analytical study has been designed to compare the serum zinc level between paediatric patients suffering from WD but yet not started treatment and children who have normal ALT level. This study was carried out at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. Total 51 children were included in this study. Among them 27 were diagnosed case of WD aged between three to eighteen years and 24 children of same ages who were suffering from other than liver disease having normal ALT were included as volunteers. The patients of WD were divided into four groups according to their presentation as acute hepatitis, chronic liver disease (CLD), acute liver failure & neuropsychiatric manifestation. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients and volunteers for participation in this study. Along with other physical findings and laboratory investigations 3 ml of venous blood were collected for estimation of serum zinc level. After estimation of serum zinc level results were analyzed statistically. The difference in serum zinc levels were compared between the groups. Serum zinc level was significantly lower in Wilson disease patients (43.8±19.7μg/dl; range: 13-83) compared to volunteers group (67.8±11.8μg/dl; range: 47-97) p<0.001. Among the diseased group, serum zinc level were significantly lower in 18 CLD (38.4±17.4μg/dl) and in 4 acute liver failure (33.1±3.7μg/dl) compared to 4 acute hepatitis (71.8±4.3μg/dl) (p=0.001) and (p<0.001) respectively. Mean serum zinc level was low in 4 Wilsonian acute liver failure (33.1±3.7μg/dl), which was significant compared to those (23) who presented as Wilson disease non acute liver failure (45.7±20.8μg/dl) (p=0.013). Serum zinc level was significantly lower in Wilson disease children compared to the volunteers. Zinc level was also found significantly low in Wilson disease presented as CLD and acute liver failure in comparison to Wilson disease presented as acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Alam
- Dr Md Shafiul Alam, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Islam F, Karim MB, Rukunuzzaman M, Rashid R, Sarker MN, Saha D, Subha NE, Saha BK, Saha A. Evaluation of Fecal Pancreatic Elastase-1 as a Measure of Pancreatic Exocrine Function in Children with Pancreatitis. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:430-436. [PMID: 37002754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency occurs as a clinical consequence of chronic pancreatitis leading to fat maldigestion, malabsorption and malnutrition. Fecal elastase-1 is a laboratory-based test used for the diagnosis or exclusion of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. The aim of the study was to observe the value of fecal elastase-1 in children with pancreatitis as an indicator of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from January 2017 through June 2018. Thirty children with pain abdomen as control and 36 patients with pancreatitis as cases were included. An ELISA technique which recognizes human pancreatic elastase-1 from spot stool sample was employed for the test. Fecal elastase-1 activity in spot stool samples in acute pancreatitis (AP) ranged from 198.2-500μg/g with a mean of 342.1±136.4μg/g, acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) ranged from 15-500μg/g with a mean of 332.8±194.5μg/g and chronic pancreatitis (CP) ranged from 15-492.8μg/g with a mean of 222.2±197.1μg/g was obtained. In controls, fecal elastase-1 ranged from 28.4-500μg/g with a mean of 398.8±114.9μg/g. Disease severity was classified as mild to moderate pancreatic insufficiency (fecal elastase-1 100 to 200μg/g stool) was found in AP (14.3%) and CP (6.7%) cases. The severe pancreatic insufficiency (fecal elastase-1<100μg/g stool) was observed in ARP (28.6%) and CP (46.7%) cases. Malnutrition was observed in severe pancreatic insufficiency cases. This study result showed that fecal elastase-1 can be used as a measure of pancreatic exocrine function in children with pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Islam
- Dr Fahmida Islam, Assistant Professor (Pediatrics), OSD, DGHS, MD(Phase-B) Resident, Deputation on Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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WAKHARE P, Dighe T, Shinde N, Bale C, Chavan A, Kulkarni A, Saha D, Godbole S, Phadke C, Makan A, Sajgure A. WCN23-0439 TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH CUFFED TUNNELLED HAEMODIALYSIS CATHETERS – A BRIDGE TO THE MISSED DIAGNOSIS? Kidney Int Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.02.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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6
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Biswas S, Saha D, Pandit R. A State-of-the-art Association Rule Mining Survey and It's Rare Application, Challenges, Progress. INT J ARTIF INTELL T 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218213023500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Karanam N, Shang Z, Story M, Timmerman R, Saha D. Preclinical Evaluation of Tumor Treating Fields Combined with Personalized Ultra-Fractionated Stereotactic Adaptive Radiotherapy (PULSAR). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Maheshwari NK, Saha D, Chandraker DK, Venkat Raj V, Kakodkar A. Studies on the behaviour of a passive containment cooling system for the Indian Advanced Heavy Water Reactor. KERNTECHNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2001-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A passive containment cooling system has been proposed for the advanced heavy water reactor being designed in India. This is to provide long term cooling for the reactor containment following a loss of coolant accident. The system removes energy released into the containment through immersed condensers kept in a pool of water. An important aspect of immersed condenser’s working is the potential degradation of immersed condenser’s performance due to the presence of noncondensable gases. An experimental programme to investigate the passive containment cooling system behaviour and performance has been undertaken in a phased manner. In the first phase, system response tests were conducted on a small scale model to understand the phenomena involved. Tests were conducted with constant energy input rate and with varying energy input rate simulating decay heat. With constant energy input rate, pressures in volume V1 and V2 reached almost steady value. With varying energy input rate V1 pressure dropped below the pressure in V2. The system could efficiently purge air from V1 to V2. The paper deals with the details of the tests conducted and the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Saha
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay , Mumbai , India
| | | | - V. Venkat Raj
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay , Mumbai , India
| | - A. Kakodkar
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay , Mumbai , India
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9
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Nayak AK, Kumar N, Vijayan PK, Saha D, Sinha RK. Analytical study of flow instability behaviour in a boiling two-phase natural circulation loop under low quality conditions. KERNTECHNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2002-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Analytical investigations have been carried out to study the flow instability behaviour in a boiling two-phase natural circulation loop under low quality conditions. For this purpose, the computer code TINFLO-S has been developed. The code solves the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy and equation of state for homogeneous equilibrium two-phase flow using linear analytical technique. The results of the code have been validated with the experimental data of the loop for both the steady state and stability. The study reveals that the stability behaviour of low quality flow oscillations is different from that of the high quality flow oscillations. The instability reduces with increase in power and throttling at the inlet of the heater. The instability first increases and then reduces with increase in pressure at any subcooling. The effects of diameter of riser pipe, heater and the height of the riser on this instability are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Nayak
- Reactor Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - N. Kumar
- Reactor Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - P. K. Vijayan
- Reactor Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - D. Saha
- Reactor Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - R. K. Sinha
- Reactor Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay , Mumbai 400085 , India
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10
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Maheshwari NK, Saha D, Sinha RK, Aritomi M. Experimental studies on condensation of steam mixed with noncondensable gas inside the vertical tube in a pool filled with subcooled water. KERNTECHNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2003-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A passive containment cooling system with immersed condensers has been proposed as one of the alternatives for the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) being designed in India. The system removes residual/decay heat released into the containment through the immersed condensers kept in a pool of water following loss of coolant accident. An important aspect of the immersed condensers is the potential degradation of its performance due to the presence of noncondensable gases. Experiments are performed to obtain reliable data on condensation phenomena in presence of air. These experiments are conducted on full-scale tubes of condensers immersed in a pool of water maintaining similar conditions as in the prototype of AHWR. A method has been proposed for the determination of the local heat transfer rate using correlations given in literature. The parametric effects of air mass fraction, pressure, steam flow, etc. on condensation heat transfer in presence of noncondensable gas have been studied. The experimental results are compared with the correlations given in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Saha
- Head, Reactor Engineering Division Trombay, Mumbai India
| | - R. K. Sinha
- Reactor Design and Development Group, Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai – India
| | - M. Aritomi
- Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan
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11
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Pawar S, Pandit E, Mohanty IC, Saha D, Pradhan SK. Population genetic structure and association mapping for iron toxicity tolerance in rice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246232. [PMID: 33647046 PMCID: PMC7920388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major abiotic stress which severely reduces rice yield in many countries of the world. Genetic variation for this stress tolerance exists in rice germplasms. Mapping of gene(s)/QTL controlling the stress tolerance and transfer of the traits into high yielding rice varieties are essential for improvement against the stress. A panel population of 119 genotypes from 352 germplasm lines was constituted for detecting the candidate gene(s)/QTL through association mapping. STRUCTURE, GenAlEx and Darwin softwares were used to classify the population. The marker-trait association was detected by considering both the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Mixed Linear Model (MLM) analyses. Wide genetic variation was observed among the genotypes present in the panel population for the stress tolerance. Linkage disequilibrium was detected in the population for iron toxicity tolerance. The population was categorized into three genetic structure groups. Marker-trait association study considering both the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Mixed Linear Model (MLM) showed significant association of leaf browning index (LBI) with markers RM471, RM3, RM590 and RM243. Three novel QTL controlling Fe-toxicity tolerance were detected and designated as qFeTox4.3, qFeTox6.1 and qFeTox10.1. A QTL reported earlier in the marker interval of C955-C885 on chromosome 1 is validated using this panel population. The present study showed that QTL controlling Fe-toxicity tolerance to be co-localized with the QTL for Fe-biofortification of rice grain indicating involvement of common pathway for Fe toxicity tolerance and Fe content in rice grain. Fe-toxicity tolerance QTL qFeTox6.1 was co-localized with grain Fe-biofortification QTLs qFe6.1 and qFe6.2 on chromosome 6, whereas qFeTox10.1 was co-localized with qFe10.1 on chromosome 10. The Fe-toxicity tolerance QTL detected from this mapping study will be useful in marker-assisted breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pawar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - E. Pandit
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Department of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha, India
| | - I. C. Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - D. Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S. K. Pradhan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Saha D, Truccolo W. Stochastic point process models for multi-compartment dendritic-tree input-output transformations in spiking neurons. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:4395-4399. [PMID: 31946841 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We extend stochastic point-process generalized linear models (PPGLMs) to the estimation of input-output transformations in dendritic trees and their contribution to the generation of soma action potentials in multi-compartmental models of single neurons. We used simulations of a model enthorinal cortex pyramidal neuron, with known dentritic tree and soma spatial organization, including active compartments defined in terms of standard cable and standard Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Each dendritic compartment (391 total) was endowed with either excitatory (E) or inhibitory (I) synaptic inputs whose strength was randomly specified. We examined the cases of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous spatial distributions for E and I synaptic inputs. The times for synaptic inputs followed a Poisson process with different mean rate regimes varying from 50 to 600 inputs/s. The soma membrane potential received also a background noise in the form of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Our main findings are: (1) Power spectra of soma membrane potentials revealed subthreshold resonances at ~40 Hz and ~80 Hz; (2) The contribution of different dendritic compartments, under the examined input ranges and spatial distributions, depended not only of the dendrite-soma path distance, but also on the number of compartments in the dendritic segment. (3) Estimated conditional intensity functions (CIFs) with PPGLMs successfully predicted spiking activity based on given E-I input times; area under ROC curves computed on test data varied from 0.8 - 0.95. (4) The CIF models identified compartments and regions receiving E-I synaptic inputs; Estimated temporal filters were consistent with dendrite-soma path distances and input weights. We expect this type of PPGLMs to contribute to data-driven identification of input-output transformations in dentritic trees based on single-neuron Ca2+ and voltage indicator imaging data.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Saha
- Food Grains & Oilseeds Processing DivisionICAR‐Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - Saroj K. Nanda
- Food Grains & Oilseeds Processing DivisionICAR‐Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - Deep N. Yadav
- Food Grains & Oilseeds Processing DivisionICAR‐Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana Punjab India
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Chouksey S, Sreenadh S, Ganguly S, Saha D. Determination of size dependent carrier capture in InGaN/GaN quantum nanowires by femto-second transient absorption spectroscopy: effect of optical phonon, electron-electron scattering and diffusion. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:194003. [PMID: 30665207 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the ultrafast processes corresponding to carrier capture, thermalization and relaxation is essential to design high speed optoelectronic devices. Here, we have investigated a size dependent carrier capture process in InGaN/GaN 20, 50 nm nanowires and quantum well systems. Femto-second transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the carrier capture is a two-step process. The carriers are captured in the barrier by polar optical phonon (POP) scattering. They further scatter into the active region by electron-electron and POP scatterings. The capture is found to slow down for quantum confined structures. A significant number of carriers are found to disappear from the barrier during the diffusion process. All the experimental observations are explained in a simulation framework depicting various scattering mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chouksey
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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15
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Saha PK, Pendem V, Chouksey S, Udai A, Aggarwal T, Ganguly S, Saha D. Enhanced luminescence from InGaN/GaN nano-disk in a wire array caused by surface potential modulation during wet treatment. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:104001. [PMID: 30557860 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf8de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we have demonstrated the profound impact of surface potential on the luminescence of an array of InGaN/GaN nano-disk in a wire heterostructure. The change in surface potential is brought about by a combination of dry and successive wet-processing treatments. The photoluminescence (PL) properties are determined as a function of size and height of this array of nano-disks. The observed characteristics are coherently explained by considering a change in quantum confinement induced by the change in surface potential, quantum-confined Stark effect, exciton binding energy and strain relaxation for varying surface potential. The change in hole bound state energy due to parabolic potential well near the side-wall is found to be the dominating factor. The PL peak position, full width at half-maximum, strain relaxation and integrated PL intensity are studied as a function of incident power and temperature. The devices demonstrate higher integrated PL intensity and slope efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Saha
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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16
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Saha D, Mukherjee R. Ameliorating the antimicrobial resistance crisis: phage therapy. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:781-790. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibya Saha
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Tirupati India
| | - Raju Mukherjee
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Tirupati India
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Vo D, Karanam N, Ding L, Saha D, Story M. miR-125a-5p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA By Regulating Cell Proliferation and Radioresistance and Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kumar S, Venkatesh AS, Singh R, Udayabhanu G, Saha D. Geochemical signatures and isotopic systematics constraining dynamics of fluoride contamination in groundwater across Jamui district, Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains, India. Chemosphere 2018; 205:493-505. [PMID: 29705640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A data set of 76 water samples are obtained from surface and sub-surface water bodies to investigate chemical parameters and stable isotopic signatures in order to drive factors leading to fluoride (F-) contamination in groundwater of parts of Jamui district, India. Hydrochemical facies reveals that F- concentration is lower in Ca2+-HCO3- facies representative of recharge area, while discharge area has a tendency towards Na+-HCO3- facies with elevated F- concentration. The ionic ratios Na+/Ca2+>1, Na+/Cl->1, (Ca2++Mg2+)/HCO3-<1, Na++K+ = 0.5TZ+ and Ca2++Mg2+ = TZ+ witness silicate weathering by water-rock interaction coupled with ion exchange and prolonged residence time, are the principle factors for fluoride contamination (3.6 mg/L to 5.8 mg/L) in 67% of deeper bore wells. Geochemical modelling testifies excess of alkalinity due to the dominance of bicarbonate ion leading to calcite precipitation and dissolution of fluoride in solution contributing to fluoride contamination. The chemometric analysis reveals that the water chemistry of the study area is controlled by both anthropogenic and natural sources, and enrichment of fluoride in groundwater is possibly from geogenic source (fractured granite gneiss). The stable isotope plot shows that most of the samples fall along local meteoric water line indicating that the groundwater is originated from local precipitation with a possibility of evaporative enrichment. Groundwater enriched in δ18O is positively correlated with F- suggesting evaporation and longer residence time of water. Spatially elevated F- prevails in the eastern bank of Kiul River and along the groundwater flow direction, which is attributed to control of dynamics of hydrogeological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Central Ground Water Board, Patna, India
| | - A S Venkatesh
- Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India.
| | - Rambabu Singh
- Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited, Bilaspur, India
| | - G Udayabhanu
- Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - D Saha
- Central Ground Water Board, Patna, India
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19
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Saha D, Bose PK, Banthia AK, Dhabal S. Analysis and Characterization of Alumina Particles Reinforced Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composite for Acetabular Cup. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:144-52. [PMID: 17377909 DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Composites of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with 5, 10 and 15 percent of alumina were prepared by a technique of uniform mixing and moulding. Acetabular cups were produced by compression moulding methods. A new walk simulator was also developed in-house for testing the tribological performances of these cups. The results from walk simulator tests are encouraging. Using a human walk simulator machine we did in vitro wear testing. Characterizations were performed to analyse the microstructure, composition, phase purity and crystalline by using XRD, DSC/TGA. Biocompatibility test was done by cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility and MTT assay methods. Biocompatibility tests gave hemolysis counts with these polymer composites well within the acceptable range and the results indicate a significant improvement in biocompatibility of the polymer composites over the in parent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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20
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Chouksey S, Sankaranarayanan S, Pendem V, Saha PK, Ganguly S, Saha D. Strong Size Dependency on the Carrier and Photon Dynamics in InGaN/GaN Single Nanowalls Determined Using Photoluminescence and Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Nano Lett 2017; 17:4596-4603. [PMID: 28735539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have demonstrated strong size dependency of quasi-equilibrium and nonequilibrium carrier and photon dynamics in InGaN/GaN single nanowalls using photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate that two-dimensional carrier confinement, strain relaxation, and modified density of states lead to a reduced Stokes shift, smaller full width at half-maxima, increased exciton binding energy, and reduced nonradiative recombination. The ultrafast transient spectroscopy shows that carrier capture is a two-step process dominated by optical phonons and carrier-carrier scattering in succession. The carrier capture is a strongly size-dependent process and becomes slower due to modulation of the density of available states for progressively decreasing nanowall sizes. The slowest process is the electron-hole recombination, which is also extremely size-dependent and the rate increases by almost an order of magnitude in comparison to that of quantum-well structures. Electron-hole wave function overlap and modified density of states are among the key aspects in determining all the properties of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chouksey
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - S Sankaranarayanan
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - V Pendem
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - P K Saha
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - S Ganguly
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - D Saha
- Applied Quantum Mechanics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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21
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Allam A, Thomsen AR, Gothwal M, Saha D, Maurer J, Brunner TB. Pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer: In focus. Pancreatology 2017; 17:514-522. [PMID: 28601475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.05.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells are stromal cells that have multiple physiological functions such as the production of extracellular matrix, stimulation of amylase secretion, phagocytosis and immunity. In pancreatic cancer, stellate cells exhibit a different myofibroblastic-like morphology with the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, the activated form is engaged in several mechanisms that support tumorigenesis and cancer invasion and progression. In contrast to the aforementioned observations, eliminating the stromal cells that are positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin resulted in immune-evasion of the cancer cells and resulted in worse prognosis in animal models. Understanding the cancer-stromal signaling in pancreatic adenocarcinoma will provide novel strategies for therapy. Here we provide an updated review of studies that handle the topic "pancreatic stellate cells in cancer" and recent experimental approaches that can be the base for future directions in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Allam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - A R Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gothwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Saha
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Maurer
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T B Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Chatterjee A, Saha D, Niemann H, Gryshkov O, Glasmacher B, Hofmann N. Effects of cryopreservation on the epigenetic profile of cells. Cryobiology 2017; 74:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Glasmacher B, Lauterboeck L, Saha D, Chatterjee A, Suresh S, Rittinghaus T, Gryshkov O. Cell and tissue encapsulation in alginate for safe cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Saha D, Niemann H, Glasmacher B. Cryopreservation of monkey stem cells: Development of safe and efficacious protocols. Cryobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Hemminki A, Havunen R, Siurala M, Tähtinen S, Saha D, Vähä-Koskela M, Behr M, Nettelbeck D, Ehrhardt A, Parviainen S. Enabling successful T-cell therapy of solid tumors with oncolytic adenoviruses armed with TNF&agr; and IL-2. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw378.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Karanam N, Srinivasan K, Sishc B, Ding L, Saha D, Story M. Tumor Treatment Fields Can Enhance the Radio- and Chemosensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Bowsher K, Civillico EF, Coburn J, Collinger J, Contreras-Vidal JL, Denison T, Donoghue J, French J, Getzoff N, Hochberg LR, Hoffmann M, Judy J, Kleitman N, Knaack G, Krauthamer V, Ludwig K, Moynahan M, Pancrazio JJ, Peckham PH, Pena C, Pinto V, Ryan T, Saha D, Scharen H, Shermer S, Skodacek K, Takmakov P, Tyler D, Vasudevan S, Wachrathit K, Weber D, Welle CG, Ye M. Brain–computer interface devices for patients with paralysis and amputation: a meeting report. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:023001. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/2/023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Krishna KS, Ismaiel M, Srinivas K, Gopala Rao D, Mishra J, Saha D. Sediment Pathways and Emergence of Himalayan Source Material in the Bay of Bengal. CURR SCI INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v110/i3/363-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Parviainen S, Havunen R, Siurala M, Tähtinen S, Saha D, Vähä-Koskela M, Behr M, Nettelbeck D, Ehrhardt A, Hemminki A. Oncolytic adenoviruses armed with TNFα and IL-2 enable successful adoptive T-cell therapy of solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv513.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Sarkar N, Panigrahi R, Pal A, Biswas A, Singh SP, Kar SK, Bandopadhyay M, Das D, Saha D, Kanda T, Sugiyama M, Chakrabarti S, Banerjee A, Chakravarty R. Expression of microRNA-155 correlates positively with the expression of Toll-like receptor 7 and modulates hepatitis B virus via C/EBP-β in hepatocytes. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:817-27. [PMID: 25720442 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective recognition of viral infection and successive activation of antiviral innate immune responses are vital for host antiviral defence, which largely depends on multiple regulators, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs. Several early reports suggest that specific TLR-mediated immune responses can control hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and express differentially with disease outcome. Considering the versatile function of miR-155 in the TLR-mediated innate immune response, we aimed to study the association between miR-155 and TLRs and their subsequent impact on HBV replication using both a HBV-replicating stable cell line (HepG2.2.15) and HBV-infected liver biopsy and serum samples. Our results showed that miR-155 was suppressed during HBV infection and a subsequent positive correlation of miR-155 with TLR7 activation was noted. Further, ectopic expression of miR-155 in vitro reduced HBV load as evidenced from reduced viral DNA, mRNA and subsequently reduced level of secreted viral antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg). Our results further suggested that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), a positive regulator of HBV transcription, was inhibited by miR-155. Taken together, our study established a correlation between miR-155 and TLR7 during HBV infection and also demonstrated in vitro that increased miR-155 level could help to reduce HBV viral load by targeting C/EBP-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - R Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - A Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - A Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - S P Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India.,Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Beam Diagnostics Premises, Cuttack, India
| | - S K Kar
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - M Bandopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - D Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - D Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - T Kanda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Sugiyama
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Ichikawa, Japan
| | - S Chakrabarti
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India.,National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - A Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - R Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
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31
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Bashir T, Saha D, Reddy KVR. P15.02 Human haemoglobin derived peptide prevents hiv-1 infection and protects cells from hiv-1 induced inflammation. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Yan Y, Meyer J, Timmerman R, Hrycushko B, Chen B, Saha D, Jiang S. SU-E-T-429: Feasibility Study On Three-Dimensional GRID Therapy in Conventional Linacs. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Saha D, Ali MA, Haque MA, Ahmed MS, Sutradhar PK, Latif T, Sarkar D, Husain F. Association of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:244-250. [PMID: 26007249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical evidence of neurological menifestations associated with asphyxia is described as hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). A variety of metabolic problems are present in asphyxiated newborns including hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and others metabolic abnormalities. Some of these biochemical disturbances may trigger seizure or potentiate further brain damage. This cross sectional case-control study was done in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, to identify the association of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Study period was six months. Sample size was 60. Among total sample 30 term asphyxiated newborns of <24 hours age were case and equal number term healthy newborns <24 hours age were control. The main clinical presentations were delayed cry after birth along with respiratory distress, convulsion and absence of cry in asphyxiated newborns. Major physical findings were cyanosis, convulsion and tachypnoea in asphyxiated group. The mean value of serum calcium level was significantly lower in asphyxiated newborns (7.37 ± 0.10mg/dl) than control value (8.04±0.09mg/dl). Hypocalcemia was found among 23.33% babies in case group. On the contrary, hypocalcemia was found in single baby among control group. The mean value of serum magnesium was significantly lower in asphyxiated newborns (1.83 ± 0.04mg/dl) than control value (1.96 ± 0.05mg/dl). Hypomagnesemia was found among 3(10%) newborns but none was found among control group. Hypoglycemia was found in 7(23.33%) cases though the mean value of blood glucose was higher in case group (5.72 ± 0.62mmol/l) than control group (4.87 ± 0.15mmol/l) difference was not statistically significant. Combined hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were found in 1(3.33%) case; combined hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia were found in 2(6.67%) cases; and combined hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were found in 1(3.33%) case. During the study period, 3(10.0%) cases were expired but no death occurred among control group. This study shows isolated or combined hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia are frequently found in newborns with perinatal asphyxia. So, it is necessary to monitor blood glucose, serum calcium and also serum magnesium among asphyxiated newborns for proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saha
- Dr Dipanwita Saha, Assistant Registrar, Department of Paediatrics, Myemnsingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Saha D, S. S, Sergeeva E, Ionova Z, Gorbach A. Tissue Factor and Atherothrombosis. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:1152-7. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666141013154946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Gao D, Bhuiyan M, Yu L, Takeshima T, Hannan R, Hsieh J, Saha D, Kim D. Suppression of Radiation-Induced c-Met Activation Leads to Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Prakash S, Jain A, Sankhwar S, Usman K, Prasad N, Saha D, Singh K, Jain P, Singh D. Prevalence of hepatitis B & C viruses among patients on hemodialysis in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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37
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Li L, Puliyappadamba VT, Chakraborty S, Rehman A, Vemireddy V, Saha D, Souza RF, Hatanpaa KJ, Koduru P, Burma S, Boothman DA, Habib AA. EGFR wild type antagonizes EGFRvIII-mediated activation of Met in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2013; 34:129-134. [PMID: 24362532 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)vIII is the most common EGFR mutant found in glioblastoma (GBM). EGFRvIII does not bind ligand, is highly oncogenic and is usually coexpressed with EGFR wild type (EGFRwt). EGFRvIII activates Met, and Met contributes to EGFRvIII-mediated oncogenicity and resistance to treatment. Here, we report that addition of EGF results in a rapid loss of EGFRvIII-driven Met phosphorylation in glioma cells. Met is associated with EGFRvIII in a physical complex. Addition of EGF results in a dissociation of the EGFRvIII-Met complex with a concomitant loss of Met phosphorylation. Consistent with the abrogation of Met activation, addition of EGF results in the inhibition of EGFRvIII-mediated resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, our study suggests that ligand in the milieu of EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells is likely to influence the EGFRvIII-Met interaction and resistance to treatment, and highlights a novel antagonistic interaction between EGFRwt and EGFRvIII in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - V T Puliyappadamba
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - V Vemireddy
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R F Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Esophagal Diseases Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P Koduru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D A Boothman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A A Habib
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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Hofmann N, Chatterjee A, Saha D, Müller T, Pogozhykh D, Glasmacher B. 043 Antioxidants as additional additives to CPA may help to minimize epigenetic modifications caused by Me2SO. Cryobiology 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jacobs C, Kapur P, Yan J, Tumati V, Xie X, Pistenmaa D, Bhuiyan M, Hsieh J, Saha D, Kim D. Tumor Status of DAB2IP But Not EZH2 Correlates With Biochemical Failure, Castrate Resistance, and Distant Metastases in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Li L, Chakraborty S, Yang CR, Hatanpaa KJ, Cipher DJ, Puliyappadamba VT, Rehman A, Jiwani AJ, Mickey B, Madden C, Raisanen J, Burma S, Saha D, Wang Z, Pingle SC, Kesari S, Boothman DA, Habib AA. An EGFR wild type-EGFRvIII-HB-EGF feed-forward loop regulates the activation of EGFRvIII. Oncogene 2013; 33:4253-64. [PMID: 24077285 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
EGFRvIII is a key oncogene in glioblastoma (GBM). EGFRvIII results from an in-frame deletion in the extracellular domain of EGFR, does not bind ligand and is thought to be constitutively active. Although EGFRvIII dimerization is known to activate EGFRvIII, the factors that drive EGFRvIII dimerization and activation are not well understood. Here we present a new model of EGFRvIII activation and propose that oncogenic activation of EGFRvIII in glioma cells is driven by co-expressed activated EGFR wild type (EGFRwt). Increasing EGFRwt leads to a striking increase in EGFRvIII tyrosine phosphorylation and activation while silencing EGFRwt inhibits EGFRvIII activation. Both the dimerization arm and the kinase activity of EGFRwt are required for EGFRvIII activation. EGFRwt activates EGFRvIII by facilitating EGFRvIII dimerization. We have previously identified HB-EGF, a ligand for EGFRwt, as a gene induced specifically by EGFRvIII. In this study, we show that HB-EGF is induced by EGFRvIII only when EGFRwt is present. Remarkably, altering HB-EGF recapitulates the effect of EGFRwt on EGFRvIII activation. Thus, increasing HB-EGF leads to a striking increase in EGFRvIII tyrosine phosphorylation while silencing HB-EGF attenuates EGFRvIII phosphorylation, suggesting that an EGFRvIII-HB-EGF-EGFRwt feed-forward loop regulates EGFRvIII activation. Silencing EGFRwt or HB-EGF leads to a striking inhibition of EGFRvIII-induced tumorigenicity, while increasing EGFRwt or HB-EGF levels resulted in accelerated EGFRvIII-mediated oncogenicity in an orthotopic mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of this loop in human GBM. Thus, our data demonstrate that oncogenic activation of EGFRvIII in GBM is likely maintained by a continuous EGFRwt-EGFRvIII-HB-EGF loop, potentially an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C-R Yang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D J Cipher
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - V T Puliyappadamba
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A J Jiwani
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - B Mickey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Madden
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - S C Pingle
- Department of Neurosciences, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S Kesari
- Department of Neurosciences, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, CA, USA
| | - D A Boothman
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A A Habib
- 1] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [2] Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [3] VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) being designed in India is a vertical pressure tube type boiling water-cooled and heavy water moderated reactor. A key feature of the AHWR is the use of simple passive systems to respond to any postulated accidental condition. Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS), is one such system, which provides long term cooling for the reactor containment following a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA). The system consists of Immersed Condensers immersed in a gravity driven water pool. One of the important phenomena related to PCCS functioning is the effect of thermal stratification in the water pool. The heat transfer from IC to water pool takes place by natural convection. In this process, the pool water can get stratified. Towards the top of the water pool, the temperature of water may reach almost the boiling point while at the bottom of the pool, the water is likely to remain at the initial temperature. Hence, in order to study the integral system response of PCCS, the phenomenon of stratification requires to be investigated. Towards this objective, the case of a rectangular enclosure heated symmetrically on both the vertical sides was considered and a two-dimensional analysis was done by numerically solving the mass, momentum and energy equations. Theoretical results were generated by the use of a computer code developed for this purpose and the results are then compared with the experimental results available in literature.
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Kumar NVS, Nayak AK, Vijayan PK, Pal AK, Saha D, Sinha RK. Theoretical and experimental investigations into natural circulation behaviour in a simulated facility of the Indian PHWR under reduced inventory conditions. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A theoretical and experimental investigation has been carried out to study natural circulation characteristics of an Indian PHWR under reduced inventory conditions. The theoretical model incorporates a quasi-steady state analysis of natural circulation at different system inventories. It predicts the system flow rate under single-phase and two-phase conditions and the inventory at which reflux condensation occurs. The model predictions were compared with test data obtained from FISBE (Facility for Integral System Behaviour Experiments), which simulates the thermal hydraulic behaviour of the Indian 220 MWe PHWR. The experimental results were found to be in close agreement with the predictions. It was also found that the natural circulation could be oscillatory under reduced inventory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Satish Kumar
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India, E-mail:
| | - A. K. Nayak
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India, E-mail:
| | - P. K. Vijayan
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India, E-mail:
| | - A. K. Pal
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India, E-mail:
| | - D. Saha
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India, E-mail:
| | - R. K. Sinha
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, India, E-mail:
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Chandraker DK, Vijayan PK, Saha D, Sinha RK. Assessment of the look-up table using the tubular and bundle CHF data and modification of the bundle correction factor. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Critical Heat Flux (CHF) is an important parameter, which limits the thermal hydraulic performance of the nuclear fuel bundle. The tools available for the prediction of the CHF are empirical in nature and are valid for their experimental range only. However, the recently developed Look-Up Table (LUT) approach has emerged to be a promising tool for predicting CHF in a tubular geometry over a wide range of parameters, which can be extended to the rod bundle geometry considering correction factors for the rod bundle effects. The error statistics of the present assessment confirms the values provided with the LUT for the HBM approach for the tubular application. However, the error statistics by DSM (not provided with the LUT development) is found to be quite different from that of the HBM. It is found that CHF in the rod bundle can also be predicted with a good accuracy using the Heat Balance Method (HBM). The proposed correction factor is found to improve the prediction accuracy of the LUT for the rod bundle application. This paper deals with the assessment of the CHF prediction by LUT for the tubular and bundle geometry and evaluation of the correction factor for rod bundle at the normal operating pressure of BWR (70 bar) using the experimental data base.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Chandraker
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - P. K. Vijayan
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - D. Saha
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - R. K. Sinha
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
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Vaidya AM, Maheshwari NK, Vijayan PK, Saha D. Computational study of moderator flow and temperature fields in the calandria vessel of a heavy water reactor using the PHOENICS code. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Three dimensional CFD simulations of the moderator flow in the calandria vessel of a heavy water reactor are performed using the PHOENICS CFD code. The model includes the entire calandria vessel consisting of three shells, calandria tubes and inlet and outlet nozzle openings. The computational model prepared in PHOENICS consists of (a) standard k-∊ turbulence model, (b) PARSOL technique for handling curved objects in cartesian grids and (c) Boussinesq formulation for handling variable density flows. PHOENICS is validated by applying it to three different flow cases. The flow pattern in the calandria vessel under normal operating conditions is obtained through simulation. The effect of the presence of calandria tubes and heat generation on moderator flow pattern is studied. The simulation is also performed for various heat loads and moderator mass flow rates. The maximum temperature achieved by the moderator flow under various heat loads and moderator mass flow rates is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Vaidya
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India – 400085. E-mail:
| | - N. K. Maheshwari
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India – 400085. E-mail:
| | - P. K. Vijayan
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India – 400085. E-mail:
| | - D. Saha
- Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India – 400085. E-mail:
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Karniychuk UU, Saha D, Vanhee M, Geldhof M, Cornillie P, Caij AB, De Regge N, Nauwynck HJ. Impact of a novel inactivated PRRS virus vaccine on virus replication and virus-induced pathology in fetal implantation sites and fetuses upon challenge. Theriogenology 2013; 78:1527-37. [PMID: 22980086 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preventing congenital infection is important for the control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Recently, in our laboratory, an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine has been developed. Promising results in young pigs encouraged us to test the vaccine potency to prevent congenital infection. In the present study, the performance of this experimental inactivated vaccine was investigated in pregnant gilts. An advanced protocol was used to test the PRRSV vaccine efficacy. This protocol is based on recent insights in the pathogenesis of congenital PRRSV infections. Three gilts were vaccinated with an experimental PRRSV 07V63 inactivated vaccine at 27, 55, and 83 days of gestation. Three unvaccinated gilts were included as controls. At 90 days of gestation, all animals were intranasally inoculated with 10(5) tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID(50)) of PRRSV 07V63. Twenty days postchallenge animals were euthanized and sampled. The vaccinated gilts quickly developed virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies starting from 3 to 7 days postchallenge (1.0 to 5.0 log2). In contrast, the unvaccinated gilts remained negative for VN antibodies after challenge. The vaccinated gilts had shorter viremia than the control gilts. Gross pathology (mummification) was observed in 8% of the fetuses from vaccinated gilts and in 15% of the fetuses from unvaccinated gilts. The number of fetuses with severe microscopic lesions in the fetal implantation sites (a focal detachment of the trophoblast from the uterine epithelium; a focal, multifocal, or full degeneration of the fetal placenta) was lower in the vaccinated (19%) versus unvaccinated (45%) gilts (P < 0.05). The number of PRRS-positive cells in the fetal placentae was higher in unvaccinated versus vaccinated gilts (P < 0.05). In contrast, the number of PRRS-positive cells in the myometrium/endometrium was higher in vaccinated versus unvaccinated gilts (P < 0.05). Fifty-seven percent of the fetuses from the vaccinated gilts and 75% of the fetuses from the unvaccinated gilts were PRRSV-positive. In conclusion, implementation of the novel experimental inactivated PRRSV vaccine primed the VN antibody response and slightly reduced the duration of viremia in gilts. It also reduced the number of virus-positive fetuses and improved the fetal survival, but was not able to fully prevent congenital PRRSV infection. The reduction of fetal infection and pathology is most probably attributable to the vaccine-mediated decrease of PRRSV transfer from the endometrium to the fetal placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- U U Karniychuk
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Huerta S, Gao X, Dineen S, Kapur P, Saha D, Meyer J. Role of P53, Bax, P21, and DNA PKcs in Radiation Sensitivity of HCT-116 Cells. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Tumati V, Raghavan P, Yu L, Chan N, Tomimatsu N, Burma S, Bristow R, Saha D. AZD5438, an Inhibitor of CDK 1, 2, and 9, Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Kim D, Tumati V, Pistenmaa D, Kapur P, Xie X, Hannan R, Jacobs C, Straka C, Hsieh J, Saha D. Loss of Tumor Suppressor DAB2IP Correlates With Decreased Biochemical Recurrence-free Survival in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Saha D, Mandal S, Saha A. Copper induced oxidative stress in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. J Environ Biol 2012; 33:861-866. [PMID: 23734451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tea [Camellia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze] is an economically important plantation crop of India but is prone to attack by several fungal pathogens. Copper based fungicides are being used for decades to control fungal diseases in tea which may lead to accumulation of copper in the soil. The biochemical responses to increasing concentrations of copper (50 to 700 microM) were investigated in the leaves of two cultivars of tea commonly grown in the Darjeeling hills. Exposure to excess Cu resulted in increased lipid peroxidation (level of TBARS increased from 3.5 micromol g(-1) f.wt. in control to 12 micromol g(-1) f.wt. in TS-520 plants exposed to 700 mM of Cu), reduced chlorophyll content (from 83.7 microg g(-1) f.wt. in control to 22.5 microg g(-1) f.wt. in TS-520 plants exposed to 700 mM of Cu), higher levels of phenolic compounds(total phenol content increased from 4.54 mg g(-1) f.wt. in control to 5.79 mg g(-1) f.wt. in TS-520 plants exposed to 400 mM of Cu) and an increase in peroxidase enzyme levels. Two new peroxidase isozymes (POD1 and POD2) were detected in plants exposed to Cu. In addition, biochemical responses in two tested cultivars, TS-462 and TS-520 differed significantly. TS-520 was found to be more sensitive to increasing concentrations of Cu. Superoxide dismutase activity increased progressively from 2.55 U mg(-1) protein in control to 5.59 U mg(-1) protein in TS-462 but declined from 4.75 U mg(-1) protein in control to 3.33 U mg(-1) protein in TS-520 when exposed to Cu concentrations higher than 400 microM. Asharp increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (from 0.53 units in control to 2.37 units in plants exposed to 400 mM of Cu) was noticed at the 10th day of exposure in the more tolerant cultivar. On the other hand, catalase levels increased only marginally (from 8.4 to 10.1 units in TS 520 and 8.7 to 10.9 units in TS 462) in both the cultivars. From this study, it appears that Cu exposure led to the production of reactive oxygen species in the leaves resulting in significant lipid peroxidation. Tea plants try to mitigate this oxidative damage through accumulation of phenolic compounds and induction of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saha
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri - 734 013, India.
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Nauwynck H, Sanchez R, Meerts P, Lefebvre D, Saha D, Huang L, Misinzo G. Cell tropism and entry of porcine circovirus 2. Virus Res 2012; 164:43-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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