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Hussein S, Ahmed SK, Mohammed SM, Qurbani K, Ali S, Saber AF, Khdir K, Shareef S, Rasool AH, Mousa S, Sidiq AS, Hamzah H. Recent developments in antibiotic resistance: an increasing threat to public health. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2024. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2024-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a major global health threat that puts decades of medical progress at risk. Bacteria develop resistance through various means, including modifying their targets, deactivating drugs, and utilizing efflux pump systems. The main driving forces behind ABR are excessive antibiotic use in healthcare and agriculture, environmental contamination, and gaps in the drug development process. The use of advanced detection technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics, and metagenomics, has greatly improved the identification of resistant pathogens. The consequences of ABR on public health are significant, increased mortality rates, the endangerment of modern medical procedures, and resulting in higher healthcare expenses. It has been expected that ABR could potentially drive up to 24 million individuals into extreme poverty by 2030. Mitigation strategies focus on antibiotic stewardship, regulatory measures, research incentives, and raising public awareness. Furthermore, future research directions involve exploring the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9), nanotechnology, and big data analytics as new antibiotic solutions. This review explores antibiotic resistance, including mechanisms, recent trends, drivers, and technological advancements in detection. It also evaluates the implications for public health and presents strategies for mitigating resistance. The review emphasizes the significance of future directions and research needs, stressing the necessity for sustained and collaborative efforts to tackle this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safin Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science , University of Raparin , Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46012 , Iraq
| | - Sirwan Khalid Ahmed
- College of Nursing , University of Raparin , Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46012 , Iraq
| | - Saman M. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Education , University of Sulaimani , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
| | - Karzan Qurbani
- Department of Biology, College of Science , University of Raparin , Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46012 , Iraq
| | - Seenaa Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technology , Sulaimani Polytechnic University , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
| | - Abdulmalik Fareeq Saber
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing , Hawler Medical University , Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001 , Iraq
| | - Karokh Khdir
- Department of Biology, College of Education , University of Sulaimani , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
| | - Salar Shareef
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science , University of Raparin , Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46012 , Iraq
| | - Aram H. Rasool
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences , University of Human Development , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
| | - Sumayah Mousa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science , Komar University of Science and Technology , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
| | - Avin S. Sidiq
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Sciences , Cihan University Sulaimaniya , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
| | - Haider Hamzah
- Department of Biology, College of Science , University of Sulaimani , Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001 , Iraq
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William A, Mitra S, Siddiqui O, Aggarwal P, Saxena S. Utilization of MALDI-TOF MS in the etiological diagnosis of deep-seated anaerobic bacterial infections. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 52:100739. [PMID: 39362528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deep-seated abscesses can be caused by a wide array of bacteria in various anatomical sites, the precise identification of which is crucial for implementing organism-specific treatments which can reduce morbidity and mortality. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful proteomic method for the swift and accurate identification of anaerobic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate deep-seated infections by MALDI-TOF MS (in comparison to VITEK®2 ANC ID card and phenotypic biochemical tests) and to determine the susceptibility pattern of identified microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 104 samples from patients suspected of deep-seated infections were aseptically collected and subjected to microscopy, aerobic/anaerobic cultures and subsequent identification via MALDI-TOF MS followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Anaerobic bacteria were also identified using the VITEK-2 system and phenotypic biochemical tests. RESULTS Out of the 104 samples tested, 41.3 % (43/104) showed positive results, predominantly in pus specimens (88 %). Mixed infections were found in 21 % of the positive cases. Of the 52 organisms identified from positive specimens, 19.2 % (10/52) were obligate anaerobes, with Bacteroides fragilis group being the most prevalent, followed by both Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium sporogenes respectively. Escherichia coli was observed to be the most common facultative anaerobic isolate. All obligate anaerobes were successfully identified to the species level via MALDI-TOF MS. In contrast, the VITEK®2 ANC ID card identified only 40 % (4/10) anaerobic bacteria to the species level. All obligate anaerobic organisms showed 100 % susceptibility to metronidazole, vancomycin and ertapenem. 25 % of the Bacteroides spp. and 50 % of Clostridium perfringens isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin. CONCLUSION MALDI-TOF MS proves as a beneficial diagnostic tool for bacterial identification, eliminating the labour-intensive and time consuming conventional microbiological methods. Its accuracy of bacterial detection further helps in combating antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes in deep-seated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish William
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Srestha Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Oves Siddiqui
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Prabhav Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Wang W, Wang Y, Xin X, Yin Y, Zhao C, Jin Y. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Direct Diagnosis of Mixed Bacterial Meningitis in a Child: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:4643-4648. [PMID: 39469094 PMCID: PMC11514712 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s476781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Meanwhile, mixed bacterial meningitis is a rare entity. However, it is difficult to identify anaerobic pathogens using traditional culture methods. Disorders such as neurosurgical interventions are considered risk factors for the development of such cerebral infection. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy may contribute to patient survival. Case Presentation We report the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of polymicrobial meningitis in a 35-month-old male child with a history of detethering procedure for tethered cord syndrome (TCS). The mNGS tests identified six bacterial species from CSF specimens, including four ones of anaerobic bacteria. The subsequent examination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal imaging findings of the lumbosacral area. The patient eventually recovered from severe infections due to long-term antibiotic treatment and radical surgery. Conclusion This case demonstrates the advantages of mNGS for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of mixed bacterial meningitis, highlighting its application of identifying uncommon pathogens in severe infections. For patients who suffered from exacerbated brain infection with history of detethering surgery, anaerobic cultivation is needed and empiric antibiotic therapy should consider mixed infection in these situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xin
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youpeng Jin
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250021, People’s Republic of China
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Suzuki T, Kinoshita S. Dual Role of Cutibacterium acnes: Commensal Bacterium and Pathogen in Ocular Diseases. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1649. [PMID: 39203490 PMCID: PMC11356515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota present around the ocular surface, encompassing the eyelid skin, the conjunctival sac, and the meibomian glands, play a significant role in various inflammatory conditions associated with the ocular surface. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), formerly, Propionibacterium acnes, is one of the most predominant commensal bacteria and its relative abundance declines with aging. However, it can act as both an infectious and an immunogenic pathogen. As an infectious pathogen, C. acnes has been reported to cause late onset endophthalmitis post-cataract surgery and infectious keratitis. On the other hand, it can trigger immune responses resulting in conditions such as phlyctenules in the cornea, chalazion in the meibomian glands, and granuloma formation in ocular sarcoidosis. This review explores the role of C. acnes in ocular inflammation, specifically highlighting its implications for diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto City Hospital Organization, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan;
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Tong G, Qian H, Li D, Li J, Chen J, Li X, Tan Z. Intestinal Flora Imbalance Induced by Antibiotic Use in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1789-1804. [PMID: 38528993 PMCID: PMC10961240 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to explore the effect of different doses of antibiotics on rats in order to observe alterations in their fecal microbiota, inflammatory changes in the colonic mucosa and four types of inflammatory markers in blood serum. Methods Our methodology involved separating 84 female Sprague Dawley rats into groups A-G, with each group consisting of 12 rats. We collected the rat feces for analysis, using a distinct medium for bacterial cultivation and counting colonies under a microscope. On the 11th and 15th days of the experiment, half of the rats from each group were euthanized and 5 mL of abdominal aortic blood and colon tissues were collected. Inflammations changes of colon were observed and assessed by pathological Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted for detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL1-β and TNF-α. Results Our findings revealed that the initial average weight of the rats did not differ between groups (p>0.05); but significant differences were observed between stool samples, water intake, food intake and weight (p=0.009, <0.001, 0.016 and 0.04, respectively) within two hours after the experiment. Additionally, there were notable differences among the groups in nine tested microbiota before and after weighting methods (all p<0.001). There were no difference in nine microbiota at day 1 (all p>0.05); at day 4 A/B (p=0.044), A/D (p<0.001), A/E (p=0.029); at day 8, all p<0.01, at day 11, only A/F exist significant difference (p<0.001); at day 14 only A/D has difference (p=0.045). Inflammation changes of colon were observed between groups A-G at days 11 and 15. Significant differences between all groups can be observed for CRP, IL-6, IL1-β and TNF-α (p<0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that antibiotics administration can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the rat gut ecosystem, resulting in an inflammatory response in their bloodstream and inducing inflammation changes of colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Tong
- General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian
- General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongli Li
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Orthopedic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Shariff M, Ramengmawi E. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of anaerobic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37872502 PMCID: PMC10591390 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaerobes are normal flora of the human body. However, they can cause serious infections in humans. Anaerobic bacteria are known to cause respiratory infections like pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic lower airway infections. These are often missed due to the complexity of their isolation and identification. Hence, this study aimed to study anaerobes causing respiratory tract infections and determine their antibiotic susceptibility. MATERIALS & METHODS Clinical specimens such as bronchial aspirates and pleural aspirates collected from patients with respiratory diseases attending Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute were processed, the anaerobes isolated were identified, and their susceptibilities to various groups of antimicrobials were studied using standard microbiological methods. RESULTS Three hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study, 154 males and 160 females. Of these 314 patients, 148 (47%) yielded anaerobes in their clinical samples. Seventy patients had more than one type of anaerobic organism. Hence, 235 isolates were recovered belonging to as many as 17 genera. The MIC of seven antibiotics on 154 isolates was tested. The isolates belonged mostly to the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Actinomyces. Variable resistance was observed to most classes of antibiotics by many genera. CONCLUSIONS Metronidazole is commonly used against anaerobes, but the study showed that the isolates were 20-30% resistant to the antibiotic. Starting this as an empirical therapy might lead to treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Shariff
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Elizabeth Ramengmawi
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Srinivasan S, Austin MN, Fiedler TL, Strenk SM, Agnew KJ, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, Beamer MA, Achilles SL, Wiesenfeld HC, Fredricks DN, Hillier SL. Amygdalobacter indicium gen. nov., sp. nov., and Amygdalobacter nucleatus sp. nov., gen. nov.: novel bacteria from the family Oscillospiraceae isolated from the female genital tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:006017. [PMID: 37787404 PMCID: PMC11318147 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Four obligately anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria representing one novel genus and two novel species were isolated from the female genital tract. Both novel species, designated UPII 610-JT and KA00274T, and an additional isolate of each species were characterized utilizing biochemical, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses. All strains were non-motile and non-spore forming, asaccharolytic, non-cellulolytic and indole-negative coccobacilli. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis for UPII 610-JT and KA00274T and additional isolates revealed C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18:1ω9c and C18:2ω6,9c to be the major fatty acids for both species. UPII 610-JT had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.4 % to an uncultured clone sequence (AY724740) designated as Bacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacterium 2 (BVAB2). KA00274T had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.5 % to UPII 610-JT. Whole genomic DNA mol% G+C content was 42.2 and 39.3 % for UPII 610-JT and KA00274T, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicate these isolates represent a novel genus and two novel species within the Oscillospiraceae family. We propose the names Amygdalobacter indicium gen. nov., sp. nov., for UPII 610-JT representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 112989T, =ATCC TSD-274T) and Amygdalobacter nucleatus gen. nov., sp. nov., for KA00274T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 112988T, =ATCC TSD-275T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tina L. Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M. Strenk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathy J. Agnew
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center and Mitochondrial and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center and Mitochondrial and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May A. Beamer
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sharon L. Achilles
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Harold C. Wiesenfeld
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon L. Hillier
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh PA, USA
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Kövér Z, Johansen Nordskag V, Bán Á, Gajdács M, Urbán E. The role of Actinomyces spp. and related organisms in cervicofacial infections: Pathomechanism, diagnosis and therapeutic aspects. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102767. [PMID: 37482285 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are commensal members of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract and skin microbiota. Cervicofacial actinomycosis or "lumpy jaw syndrome" - the chronic, suppurative granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces spp. And ALOs - is characterized by an initially slow and unspecific disease-presentation, which often mimics other pathologies, followed by the formation of painful abscesses and severe tissue destruction. Actinomycosis has been described as a rare disease, however, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. In addition, there is increasing awareness regarding the role of Actinomyces spp. in the development of osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this narrative review is to succinctly summarize the current advances regarding the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis, in addition to the roles of Actinomyces species and ALOs as members of the oral microbiota and in dental biofilm, in other dental infections (caries, root canal infection, periapical infection, periodontitis) and osteonecrosis of the jaw, in the context of recent taxonomic changes affecting the genus. Our paper aims to be a blueprint for dentists, other physicians, microbiologists and researchers regarding the multifaceted field of cervicofacial actinomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Kövér
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Tüzér U. 1., 7623, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Vidar Johansen Nordskag
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Tüzér U. 1., 7623, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Bán
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Tüzér U. 1., 7623, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64-66., 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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Motallebirad T, Mardanshah O, Safarabadi M, Ghaffari K, Orouji MA, Abedi B, Azadi D. Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1134368. [PMID: 37520382 PMCID: PMC10373891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Actinomycetes species from meat and meat products in the Markazi province of Iran. Methods A total of 60 meat and meat product samples, including minced meat, mutton, beef, chicken, hamburgers, and sausages, were collected from slaughterhouses, butchers, and restaurants in the Markazi province of Iran. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological protocols for the isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes. PCR amplification of hsp65 and 16SrRNA genes and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA were used for genus and species identification. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Results A total of 21 (35%) Actinomycetes isolates from 5 genera and 12 species were isolated from 60 samples. The most prevalent Actinomycetes were from the genus Mycobacterium, with six (28.6%) isolates (M. avium complex, M. terrae, M. smegmatis, and M. novocastrense), followed by the genus Rhodococcus with five (23.8%) isolates (R. equi and R. erythropolis), the genus Actinomyces with four (19.1%) isolates (A. ruminicola and A. viscosus), the genus Nocardia with four (19.1%) isolates (N. asiatica, N. seriolae, and N. niigatensis), and the genus Streptomyces with two (9.5%) isolates (S. albus). Chicken and sausage samples had the highest and lowest levels of contamination, with six and one isolates. Respectively, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Doxycycline and Rifampicin. Discussion The findings suggest that meat and meat products play an important role as a reservoir for the transmission of Actinomycetes to humans, thus causing life-threatening foodborne diseases such as gastrointestinal and cutaneous disorders. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate basic hygiene measures into the cycle of meat production to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Motallebirad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Omid Mardanshah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Safarabadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghaffari
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Orouji
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Behnam Abedi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Davood Azadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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Reissier S, Penven M, Guérin F, Cattoir V. Recent Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance among Anaerobic Clinical Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1474. [PMID: 37374976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria are normal inhabitants of the human commensal microbiota and play an important role in various human infections. Tedious and time-consuming, antibiotic susceptibility testing is not routinely performed in all clinical microbiology laboratories, despite the increase in antibiotic resistance among clinically relevant anaerobes since the 1990s. β-lactam and metronidazole are the key molecules in the management of anaerobic infections, to the detriment of clindamycin. β-lactam resistance is usually mediated by the production of β-lactamases. Metronidazole resistance remains uncommon, complex, and not fully elucidated, while metronidazole inactivation appears to be a key mechanism. The use of clindamycin, a broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic agent, is becoming problematic due to the increase in resistance rate in all anaerobic bacteria, mainly mediated by Erm-type rRNA methylases. Second-line anti-anaerobes are fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and linezolid. This review aims to describe the up-to-date evolution of antibiotic resistance, give an overview, and understand the main mechanisms of resistance in a wide range of anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reissier
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Malo Penven
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - François Guérin
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Rennes University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, F-35033 Rennes, France
- UMR_S1230 BRM, Inserm, University of Rennes, F-35043 Rennes, France
- CHU de Rennes, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, CEDEX 9, F-35033 Rennes, France
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11
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Shetty S, Anegundi R, Shenoy PA, Vishwanath S. Understanding antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Finegoldia magna: an insight to an untrodden path. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:30. [PMID: 37098571 PMCID: PMC10127037 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finegoldia magna (formerly known as Peptococcus magnus or Peptostreptococcus magnus) belonging to phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia and genus Finegoldia, is the only species known to cause infections in human beings. Amongst Gram positive anaerobic cocci, F. magna is known to be the most virulent with a high pathogenic potential. Significant upsurge in antimicrobial resistance among anaerobes has been documented by various studies. F. magna is known to be susceptible to most of the anti-anaerobic antimicrobials, however, multidrug resistant strains are being reported in literature. The present study was undertaken to highlight the role of F. magna in clinical infections and to analyze their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. METHODS The present study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern India. 42 clinical isolates of F. magna recovered from diverse clinical infections between January 2011 to December 2015 were studied. These isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against metronidazole, clindamycin, cefoxitin, penicillin, chloramphenicol and linezolid. RESULTS Among the 42 isolates studied, majority of them were revived from diabetic foot infections (31%) followed by necrotizing fasciitis (19%) and deep-seated abscesses (19%). All the F. magna isolates showed good in-vitro activity against metronidazole, cefoxitin, linezolid and chloramphenicol. Clindamycin and penicillin resistance were observed against 9.5% and 2.4% of the isolates respectively. However, β-lactamase activity was not detected. CONCLUSION The antimicrobial resistance among anaerobes varies from pathogen to pathogen and region to region. Hence, a deep understanding of resistance pattern is necessary for better management of clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Shetty
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Renuka Anegundi
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padmaja Ananth Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Manipal Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shashidhar Vishwanath
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Manipal Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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12
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First large-scale study of antimicrobial susceptibility data, and genetic resistance determinants, in Fusobacterium necrophorum highlighting the importance of continuing focused susceptibility trend surveillance. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102717. [PMID: 36871786 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to explore antimicrobial resistance gene determinant, and phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility, data for Fusobacterium necrophorum from a collection of UK strains. Antimicrobial resistance genes detected in publicly available assembled whole genome sequences were investigated for comparison. METHODS Three hundred and eighty five F. necrophorum strains (1982-2019) were revived from cryovials (Prolab). Subsequent to sequencing (Illumina) and quality checking, 374 whole genomes were available for analysis. Genomes were interrogated, using BioNumerics (bioMérieux; v 8.1), for the presence of known antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Agar dilution susceptibility results for 313 F. necrophorum isolates (2016-2021) were also examined. RESULTS The phenotypic data for the 313 contemporary strains demonstrated potential resistance to penicillin in three isolates, using EUCAST v 11.0 breakpoints, and 73 (23%) strains using v 13.0 analysis. All strains were susceptible to multiple agents using v 11.0 guidance other than clindamycin (n = 2). Employing v 13.0 breakpoints, metronidazole (n = 3) and meropenem (n = 13) resistance were also detected. The tet(O), tet(M), tet(40), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-la and blaOXA-85 ARGs were present in publicly available genomes. tet(M), tet(32), erm(A) and erm(B) were found within the UK strains, with correspondingly raised clindamycin and tetracycline minimum inhibitory concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to antibiotics recommended for the treatment of F. necrophorum infections should not be assumed. With evidence of potential ARG transmission from oral bacteria, and the detection of a transposon-mediated beta-lactamase resistance determinant in F. necrophorum, surveillance of both phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility trends must continue, and increase.
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13
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Matuschek E, Copsey-Mawer S, Petersson S, Åhman J, Morris TE, Kahlmeter G. The European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing disc diffusion susceptibility testing method for frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00052-6. [PMID: 36746258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial resistance in anaerobic bacteria is increasing and there is a link between inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and poor clinical outcome in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. Accurate and timely antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria is therefore of critical importance. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has recently described a disc diffusion susceptibility testing method for anaerobic bacteria using fastidious anaerobe agar (FAA) supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood (HB). This method was previously validated for Bacteroides spp. only. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of FAA-HB for disc diffusion and also for frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria. METHODS Clinical isolates, including 54 Bacteroides/Phocaeicola/Parabacteroides spp., 49 Prevotella spp., 51 Fusobacterium necrophorum, 58 Clostridium perfringens, and 54 Cutibacterium acnes were evaluated against six antimicrobial agents. MICs were determined by agar dilution following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology, modified to use FAA-HB as recommended by EUCAST, instead of supplemented Brucella agar, and disc diffusion was performed on FAA-HB following EUCAST methodology. RESULTS Results for quality control strains were reproducible, with 99.3% of zones within range. Disc diffusion by EUCAST methodology was able to distinguish between susceptible and resistant isolates of anaerobic bacteria for benzylpenicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole (98.7% correct categorization). No isolates resistant to vancomycin were tested, but zone diameters correctly categorized the susceptible isolates, and there was a logical relationship between MICs and inhibition zones. DISCUSSION The recently published EUCAST method for disc diffusion for anaerobic bacteria based on FAA-HB is a reproducible and accurate method for susceptibility testing of frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Matuschek
- The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Development Laboratory, Växjö, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Jenny Åhman
- The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Development Laboratory, Växjö, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Kahlmeter
- The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Development Laboratory, Växjö, Sweden
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14
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Kim H, Seo H, Park S, Chung H, Sung H, Kim MN, Bae S, Jung J, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Chong YP. Clinical significance and outcomes of Clostridium tertium bacteremia: analysis of 62 cases in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:183-191. [PMID: 36542214 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of Clostridium tertium bacteremia is still uncertain. We evaluated the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of C. tertium bacteremia and identified differences between neutropenia and non-neutropenia. All adult patients with C. tertium bacteremia in a 2700-bed tertiary center between January 2004 and November 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The first episode of C. tertium bacteremia in each patient was included in the analysis. Among 601 patients with Clostridium species bacteremia, 62 (10%) had C. tertium bacteremia, and of these 62 patients, 39 (63%) had had recent chemotherapy, and 31 (50%) had neutropenia or hematologic malignancy. C. tertium bacteremia originated frequently from a gastrointestinal tract infection such as enterocolitis (34%), primary bacteremia (29%), and secondary peritonitis (18%), and 34% of patients had polymicrobial bacteremia. Hematologic malignancy, prior antibiotic treatment, neutropenic enterocolitis, and primary bacteremia were significantly associated with C. tertium bacteremia in neutropenic patients, whereas solid tumor, hepatobiliary disease, secondary peritonitis, polymicrobial bacteremia, and a higher frequency of eradicable infection foci were significantly associated with C. tertium bacteremia in non-neutropenic patients. There was 15% 30-day mortality. APACHE II score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.1) and secondary peritonitis (aOR, 25.9; 95% CI, 3.0-224.7) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. The prevalence of C. tertium bacteremia is low, and the characteristics of C. tertium bacteremia are significantly different between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. Appropriate investigation for gastrointestinal mucosal injury should be performed to improve treatment outcomes in this form of bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Seo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Chung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1020995. [PMID: 36687594 PMCID: PMC9850114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as a promising and non-invasive local and adjuvant treatment in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy for elimination of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and key pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis have been investigated by many invitro and clinical studies. Researchers have also investigated methods of increasing the efficacy of such treatment modalities by amazing developments in the production of natural, nano based, and targeted photosensitizers. As clinical studies have an important role in paving the way towards evidence-based applications in oral infection treatment by this method, the current review aimed to provide an overall view of potential clinical applications in this field and summarize the data of available randomized controlled clinical studies conducted on the applications of aPDT in dentistry and investigate its future horizons in the dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2022 to retrieve related clinical studies. There are several clinical studies reporting aPDT as an effective adjunctive treatment modality capable of reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal and peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence also reveals a therapeutic potential for aPDT in prevention and reduction of cariogenic organisms and treatment of infections with fungal or viral origins, however, the number of randomized clinical studies in these groups are much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers have been used and it is still not possible to recommend specific irradiation parameters due to heterogenicity among studies. Reaching effective clinical protocols and parameters of this treatment is difficult and requires further high quality randomized controlled trials focusing on specific PS and irradiation parameters that have shown to have clinical efficacy and are able to reduce pathogenic bacterial loads with sufficient follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Reza Fekrazad,
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16
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Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Abalkhail A, El-Garawany Y, Anagreyyah S, Alnafea Y, Almuzaini AM, Alwarhi W, Rawway M, Draz A. The Development of Technology to Prevent, Diagnose, and Manage Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare-Associated Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2100. [PMID: 36560510 PMCID: PMC9780923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) having an adverse effect on the healthcare system, which results in higher healthcare costs, failed treatments and a higher death rate. A quick diagnostic test that can spot infections resistant to antibiotics is essential for antimicrobial stewardship so physicians and other healthcare professionals can begin treatment as soon as possible. Since the development of antibiotics in the last two decades, traditional, standard antimicrobial treatments have failed to treat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). These results have led to the development of a variety of cutting-edge alternative methods to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in healthcare settings. Here, we provide an overview of AMR as well as the technologies being developed to prevent, diagnose, and control healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). As a result of better cleaning and hygiene practices, resistance to bacteria can be reduced, and new, quick, and accurate instruments for diagnosing HAIs must be developed. In addition, we need to explore new therapeutic approaches to combat diseases caused by resistant bacteria. In conclusion, current infection control technologies will be crucial to managing multidrug-resistant infections effectively. As a result of vaccination, antibiotic usage will decrease and new resistance mechanisms will not develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmine El-Garawany
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sulaiman Anagreyyah
- Department of Preventive Medicine, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Alnafea
- Department of Statistics, King Fahad Armed Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alwarhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rawway
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelmaged Draz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability of Veillonella strains. Anaerobe 2022; 78:102667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Gao J, Qin J, Ding C, Gao Y, Guo J, Li M, Yang C, Wang W. Fluorescent metabolic labeling-based quick antibiotic susceptibility test for anaerobic bacteria. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1314-1319. [PMID: 36349219 PMCID: PMC9627725 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of the advancements in medicine and science, the numbers of patients surviving complicated diseases are continuously increasing, which in turn leads to elevated chances of anaerobic infections by endogenous bacteria. Traditional growth yield-based antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) against anaerobic bacteria are very time-consuming (≥48 h) and labor intensive, which delays the timely guidance of antibiotic prescription and increases the mortality of patients. Inspired by a fluorescent d-amino acid (FDAA) labeling-based AST (FaAST) that we recently developed for quick determination of aerobic bacteria's susceptibilities, here we report an accurate and fast AST method for anaerobic pathogens. Based on flow cytometry analysis of anaerobes that have been treated with various doses of antibiotics and metabolically labeled with FDAA, the intensities of which can reflect their affected metabolic status by the drugs, the MICs of each drug can then be determined. The whole process can be completed in 5 h. After testing 40 combinations of the representative anaerobic bacteria and antibiotics, our method demonstrates a high susceptibility category accuracy of 95.0%. This FaAST-based protocol is helpful in accurately and quickly guiding antibiotic decisions when treating critical infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Juanxiu Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Chenling Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Junnan Guo
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200127 China
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19
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Tang H, Zhou H, Zhang R. Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Pathogenic Bacteria in Tubo-Ovarian Abscess. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958210. [PMID: 35967860 PMCID: PMC9363611 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a common type of inflammatory lump in clinical practice. TOA is an important, life-threatening disease, and it has become more common in recent years, posing a major health risk to women. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are necessary to cover the most likely pathogens because the pathogens that cause TOA are polymicrobial. However, the response rate of antibiotic treatment is about 70%, whereas one-third of patients have poor clinical consequences and they require drainage or surgery. Rising antimicrobial resistance serves as a significant reason for the unsatisfactory medical outcomes. It is important to study the antibiotic resistance mechanism of TOA pathogens in solving the problems of multi-drug resistant strains. This paper focuses on the most common pathogenic bacteria isolated from TOA specimens and discusses the emerging trends and epidemiology of resistant Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and gram-positive anaerobic cocci. Besides that, new methods that aim to solve the antibiotic resistance of related pathogens are discussed, such as CRISPR, nanoparticles, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and pathogen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Through this review, we hope to reveal the current situation of antibiotic resistance of common TOA pathogens, relevant mechanisms, and possible antibacterial strategies, providing references for the clinical treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanna Tang
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zhou, ; Runju Zhang,
| | - Runju Zhang
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zhou, ; Runju Zhang,
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20
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Time for Some Group Therapy: Update on Identification, Antimicrobial Resistance, Taxonomy, and Clinical Significance of the Bacteroides fragilis Group. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0236120. [PMID: 35700139 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02361-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) species are common members of the human microbiota that provide several benefits to healthy hosts, yet BFG are also the most common anaerobes isolated from human infections, including intra-abdominal infections, abscesses, and bloodstream infection. Compared to many other anaerobes associated with disease, members of the BFG are more likely to be resistant to commonly used antimicrobials, including penicillin (>90% resistant), carbapenems (2 to 20% resistant), and metronidazole (0.2 to 4% resistant). As a result, infection with BFG bacteria can be associated with poor clinical outcomes. Here, we discuss the role of BFG in human health and disease, proposed taxonomic reclassifications within the BFG, and updates in methods for species-level identification. The increasing availability of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) supports recent proposals that the BFG now span two families (Bacteroidaceae and "Tannerellaceae") and multiple genera (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Phocaeicola) within the phylum Bacteroidota. While members of the BFG are often reported to "group" rather than "species" level in many clinical settings, new reports of species-specific trends in antimicrobial resistance profiles and improved resolution of identification tools support routine species-level reporting in clinical practice. Empirical therapy may not be adequate for treatment of serious infections with BFG, warranting susceptibility testing for serious infections. We summarize methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance prediction for BFG, including broth microdilution, agar dilution, WGS, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We examine global trends in BFG antimicrobial resistance and review genomics of BFG, revealing insights into rapid activation and dissemination of numerous antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria: In routine and research. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Spengler G, Gajdács M, Donadu MG, Usai M, Marchetti M, Ferrari M, Mazzarello V, Zanetti S, Nagy F, Kovács R. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antivirulent Potential of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa Aerial Parts. Microorganisms 2022; 10:758. [PMID: 35456809 PMCID: PMC9032431 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the worsening situation with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and a disparity in the commercialization of novel antimicrobial agents, scientists have been prompted to seek out new compounds with antimicrobial activity from a wide range of sources, including medicinal plants. In the present study, the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-virulence, and resistance-modulating properties of the essential oil from the Sardinian endemic Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa aerial parts were evaluated. The GC/MS analysis showed that the main compounds in the oil were α-pinene (56.63 ± 0.24%), limonene (14.66 ± 0.11%), and β-pinene (13.42 ± 0.09%). The essential oil showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (0.25-2 v/v%) and Salmonella spp. (4 v/v%). The strongest fungicidal activity was recorded against Candida auris sessile cells (median FICI was 0.088) but not against C. albicans biofilms (median FICI was 1). The oil showed potent efflux pump inhibitory properties in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The therapeutic potential of Juniperus may be promising for future more extensive research and in vivo tests to develop new drugs against antibiotic and antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Marianna Usai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Mauro Marchetti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
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Pumphrey SA, Wayne AS. Patterns of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results for dogs with retrobulbar abscesses: 133 cases (2002-2019). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-9. [PMID: 35175928 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.04.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate patterns of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results for dogs with retrobulbar abscesses and generate recommendations for empirical antimicrobial selection. ANIMALS 133 dogs examined between 2002 and 2019. PROCEDURES Records were retrospectively reviewed to determine type of bacterial culture, number and type of bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility test results, concurrent and recent antimicrobial exposure, effect of culture results on antimicrobial regimen, and outcome. RESULTS Aerobic culture alone was performed in 37 dogs, and aerobic and anaerobic culture was performed in 96 dogs. Isolates were recovered from 96 dogs, with multiple isolates recovered from 54 (56%) of those dogs. Of the 69 dogs for which both aerobic and anaerobic culture was performed and at least 1 isolate was obtained, 34 (49%) had purely aerobic infections, 15 (22%) had mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections, and 20 (29%) had purely anaerobic infections. Pasteurella spp (n = 26), Streptococcus spp (20), and Escherichia coli (12) were the most common aerobic isolates. Bacteroides spp (n = 22), Actinomyces spp (10), and Fusobacterium (10) spp were the most common anaerobic isolates. Susceptibility test results led to changes in the antimicrobial regimen in 37 of 80 (46%) dogs. Of the 76 dogs for which outcome information was available, 78 (97%) recovered. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multipathogen and anaerobic infections were common in dogs with retrobulbar abscesses. Susceptibility data supported the use of amoxicillin-clavulanate or a combination of clindamycin and enrofloxacin as first-line treatments. Additional study is needed to characterize anaerobic antimicrobial susceptibilities and to compare results of susceptibility testing with in vivo responses to antimicrobial administration.
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24
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Wolff A, Rodloff AC, Vielkind P, Borgmann T, Stingu CS. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010125. [PMID: 35056574 PMCID: PMC8779083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces species play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and infections. Susceptibility testing is not always routinely performed, and one may oversee a shift in resistance patterns. The aim of the study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 well-identified clinical oral isolates of Actinomyces spp. against eight selected antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution (AD) and E-Test (ET) methods. We observed no to low resistance against penicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, clindamycin, linezolid and tigecycline (0-2% ET, 0% AD) but high levels of resistance to moxifloxacin (93% ET, 87% AD) and daptomycin (83% ET, 95% AD). The essential agreement of the two methods was very good for benzylpenicillin (EA 95%) and meropenem (EA 92%). The ET method was reliable for correctly categorizing susceptibility, in comparison with the reference method agar dilution, except for daptomycin (categorical agreement 87%). Penicillin is still the first-choice antibiotic for therapy of diseases caused by Actinomyces spp.
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25
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Vu H, Hayashi M, Nguyen TN, Khong DT, Tran HT, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka K. Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Patterns of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteroides fragilis Group Isolated from Healthy Individuals in Vietnam and Japan. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5313-5323. [PMID: 34924764 PMCID: PMC8674666 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s341571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Normal non-pathogenic flora can harm the host by acting as a reservoir of resistance determinants that are potentially transferable to human pathogens. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) isolated from healthy individuals in Vietnam and Japan in order to elucidate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in human flora in the two economically and geographically different countries. Materials and Methods BFG was isolated from fecal samples of 80 healthy individuals in Vietnam (n=51) and Japan (n=29). Isolated strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 18 antibiotics was determined using the agar dilution method. Additionally, 20 antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using standard PCR. Results A total of 139 BFG strains belonging to 11 BFG species were isolated from the two countries, with diversity in the prevalence of each species. B. fragilis was not the predominant species. Isolations from Vietnam and Japan showed some similarities in terms of MIC50 values, MIC90 values, and the percentage of resistant strains. However, isolations from Vietnam showed significantly higher resistance to piperacillin, cefmetazole, clindamycin, tetracycline, and minocycline. ErmB, tet36, tetM, nim, catA, and qnrA were not found in either country. CepA was more common in B. fragilis than in non-fragilis Bacteroides. In contrast, cfiA, ermG, mefA, msrSA, tetX, tetX1, bexA, qnrB, and qnrS were found only in non-fragilis Bacteroides. There were differences in the prevalence of ermG, linA, mefA, msrSA, and qnrS between isolates from Vietnam and Japan. Conclusion This study is the first report on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in the BFG isolated from healthy individuals in Vietnam and Japan. Compared to isolations from Japan, isolations from Vietnam showed significantly higher resistance to antimicrobial agents. The distribution of various antibiotic resistance genes also differed between the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Vu
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Thang Nam Nguyen
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research and Service, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Diep Thi Khong
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research and Service, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Thi Tran
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research and Service, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan.,Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu City, Gifu, Japan
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26
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Angrup A, Sood A, Ray P, Bala K. Clinical anaerobic infections in an Indian tertiary care hospital: A two-year retrospective study. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102482. [PMID: 34861364 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the spectrum of anaerobic infections and the frequency of clinically relevant anaerobes in various infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India. METHOD In this two-year (2018-2019) retrospective study, a total of 22,177 samples were processed both anaerobically and aerobically. The samples included blood, pus, body fluids, necrotic tissues, abscess, peritoneal fluids, and other specimens of conditions predisposing to anaerobic infections. The recovered bacterial isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). RESULT Of the 22,177 samples processed anaerobically, 1094 showed significant anaerobic growth yielding 1464 anaerobes. Bacteroides fragilis (12.7%) and Peptoniphilus harei (12.2%) were the most predominant anaerobes, whereas Escherichia coli (32.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.2%) were the most frequently recovered facultative anaerobes in polymicrobial growth. Both aerobic and anaerobic data were available for 673/1094 samples, of which 68% represented a polymicrobial etiology and 32% as monomicrobial. Of the cases where complete clinical information was available (504/1094), the majority of the anaerobes were recovered from the skin and soft tissue infections (36.3%) and intra-abdominal infections (17.1%). The clinical specimen most frequently growing anaerobes was abscess (29.1%), followed by diabetic foot ulcers (14.1%). CONCLUSION The study documents the frequency of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in various infections, and their associations with aerobes in polymicrobial growth. The present study may aid us in devising better therapeutic strategies against both aerobes and anaerobes in anaerobic infections, which is often empirical. Besides, the data can update clinicians with the changing patterns of anaerobic infections, which remains a neglected concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Angrup
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Anshul Sood
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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27
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Saghafi F, Mirzaie F, Gorji E, Nabimeybodi R, Fattahi M, Mahmoodian H, Zareshahi R. Antibacterial and anti-Trichomonas Vaginalis effects of Rosa Damascena mill petal oil (a persian medicine product), aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34670535 PMCID: PMC8527719 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oils in traditional medicine are important products and used routinely for therapeutic purposes. Rose oil (Rosa damascene Mill), a product of Persian medicine, is advised for the treatment of Infectious diseases related to the female genitourinary tract. In the present study, R. damascena petal oil, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis effects. Methods Anti-trichomonas activity evaluation of extracts and oil were assayed by the Homocytometery method. Their antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and clinically isolated Group B Streptococcus were assayed by broth microdilution in 96-well plates. Results The MIC of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts ranged from 25-50 and 25-100 mg/ml, respectively. Rose oil at all administered doses failed to show any antibacterial activity. Conclusion All extracts and oil concentrations showed some degree of growth inhibition activity on T. vaginalis; however, hydroalcoholic extract was more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saghafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mirzaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elham Gorji
- Herbal Medicines Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Razieh Nabimeybodi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fattahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Rahele Zareshahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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28
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Distribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in the Environment: Cryopreservation Techniques and Their Potential Storage Application. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are a heterogeneous group of anaerobic microorganisms that play an important role in producing hydrogen sulfide not only in the natural environment, but also in the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity of animals and humans. The present review was written with the inclusion of 110 references including the time period from 1951 to 2021. The following databases were evaluated: Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. The articles chosen to be included in the review were written mainly in the English and Czech languages. The molecular mechanisms of microbial cryoprotection differ depending on the environment where microorganisms were initially isolated. It was observed that the viability of microorganisms after cryopreservation is dependent on a number of factors, primarily colony age, amount of inoculum, cell size or rate of cooling, and their molecular inventory. Therefore, this paper is devoted to assessing the performance and suitability of various cryopreservation methods of intestinal bacteria, including molecular mechanisms of their protection. In order to successfully complete the cryopreservation process, selecting the correct laboratory equipment and cryopreservation methodology is important. Our analysis revealed that SRB should be stored in glass vials to help mitigate the corrosive nature of hydrogen sulfide, which can affect their physiology on a molecular level. Furthermore, it is recommended that their storage be performed in distilled water or in a suspension with a low salt concentration. From a molecular biological and bioengineering perspective, this contribution emphasizes the need to consider the potential impact associated with SRB in the medical, construction, and environmental sectors.
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29
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Lo CI, Dione N, Mbaye A, Gómez PFM, Ngom II, Valles C, Alibar S, Lagier JC, Fenollar F, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Diene SM. Limosilactobacillus caccae sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from the human gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6373442. [PMID: 34549292 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain Marseille-P3519T isolated from the fecal flora of a 25-year-old healthy French woman was a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, non-motile and non-spore forming. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of Marseille-P3519 showed 97.73% of sequence similarity with Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016, the closest species, phylogenetically. Furthermore, the average nucleotide identity of strain Marseille-3519 with its closest related species was 75.8% that was very below the recommended threshold (>95-96%). Its genome had 2 237 367 bp with 45.42 mol% of G + C content. Major fatty acids were C16:0 (50.8%), C18:1n9 (18.0%), C18:2n6 (9.8%) and C19:1n9 (8.9%). It was catalase negative and fermented glycerol, glucose, fructose, D-maltose, lactose and mannose. These findings support that strain Marseille-P3519 ( = CSURP3519 = CECT 30110) is a new member of the genus Limosilactobacillus for which the name Limosilactobacillus caccae sp. nov., is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh Ibrahima Lo
- Aix Marseille Uni versity, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Niokhor Dione
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Aminata Mbaye
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Fernández-Mellado Gómez
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Issa Isaac Ngom
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Valles
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Alibar
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Uni versity, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Aix Marseille Uni versity, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France.,Aix Marseille University , IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
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Nema S, Brahmachari S, Vishnu TN, Biswas D. Clinico-microbiological spectrum of anaerobic pyogenic infections in an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital: A two-year study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2512-2517. [PMID: 34568128 PMCID: PMC8415683 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2368_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anaerobes are important however the most neglected pathogens. Timely isolation of anaerobes can guide the clinician about the correct course of clinical treatment and thus reduce the mortality and also the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: Tissue and/or pus aspirates were collected aseptically from infectious sites in the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM) and sent to anaerobic bacteriology laboratory for culture. Subcultures from RCM for each sample were done on neomycin blood agar and 5% sheep blood agar along with metronidazole disc (5μg). The plates were incubated in an anaerobic jar using GasPak for 72 hrs. The preliminary identification was performed by standard biochemical tests for both obligate and facultative anaerobic isolates. Speciations of obligate anaerobes were performed by Vitek 2 automated system. Results: Obligate anaerobes either single or polymicrobial were obtained in 38/216 (14.5 %) samples processed during the study period. Polymicrobial infections were reported in 21/216 (55.26%) samples and most commonly with obligate anaerobic gramnegative bacilli i.e. Prevotella-Porphyromonas and Bacteroides fragilis group. Most common monomicrobial anaerobic infections were observed with Veillonella spp. (n=4) and Porphyromonas spp. (n=4) followed by Bacteroides fragilis (n=3). Obligate anaerobes were predominantly isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (n=14) followed by surgical site infections (n=8). Conclusion: Although most of the infections are polymicrobial, a rise in the incidence of monomicrobial anaerobic infections has been noticed. Therefore, the performance of anaerobic cultures along with aerobic cultures is much needed for complete bacterial work-up of specimens from infectious sites and better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nema
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S Brahmachari
- Department of Surgery, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Teja N Vishnu
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abdelkarim-Elafifi H, Parada-Avendaño I, Arnabat-Dominguez J. Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics: A Helpful Tool to Combat Antibiotic Resistance? A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1106. [PMID: 34572688 PMCID: PMC8468135 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance has become a growing global problem where overprescription is a contributing factor for its development. In the endodontics field, complementary treatments, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), have been described to eliminate residual bacteria from the root canal space and reduce complications. The aim of this review is to describe the literature evidence up to now regarding the advantages, efficiency, and clinical outcomes of this therapy in endodontics as a possible tool to combat antibiotic resistance. METHODS A review of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was carried out using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two steps were taken: First, articles were compiled through the terms and MeSH terms "Photochesdmotherapy" and "endodontics." Then, a second search was conducted using "photodynamic therapy" and "antibiotic resistance" or "drug resistance, microbial." RESULTS A total of 51 articles were included for evaluation: 27 laboratory studies, 14 reviews, and 10 clinical studies. Laboratory studies show that aPDT achieves significant bacterial elimination, even against antibiotic-resistant species, and is also effective in biofilm disruption. Clinical studies suggest that aPDT can be considered a promising technique to reduce bacterial complications, and reviews about the issue confirm its advantages. CONCLUSION The benefits of aPDT in reducing complications due to its antibacterial effects means a possible decrease in systemic antibiotic prescription in endodontics. In addition, it could be an alternative to local intracanal antibiotic therapy, avoiding the appearance of possible antibiotic resistance, as no bacterial resistance with aPDT has been described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Parada-Avendaño
- Analysis and Design in Clinical Investigation, University of Barcelona, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Arnabat-Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Idibell Institute, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Sood A, Angrup A, Ray P, Bala K. Comparative evaluation of agar dilution and broth microdilution by commercial and in-house plates for Bacteroides fragilis group: An economical and expeditious approach for resource-limited settings. Anaerobe 2021; 71:102443. [PMID: 34492368 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of agar dilution and broth microdilution by commercial and in-house prepared plates for the Bacteroides fragilis group. The cost analysis was performed to demonstrate that in-house prepared BMD plates were a suitable alternative to agar dilution given the high cost and low feasibility of incorporating commercial BMD plates in routine, particularly in the tertiary care institutes of many low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Thirty B. fragilis group isolates were tested against six antibiotics, frequently used as empirical therapy for anaerobic infections including metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol. The running consumable expenditure for all methodologies was calculated. RESULTS The results demonstrated essential and categorical agreement of >90% for all antibiotics except cefoxitin, which showed <90% categorical agreement. No major or very major errors were observed. We observed a high agreement and strong concordance for MIC values between both methods and inter-rate reliability of >0.9 by Cohen's kappa analysis, indicating almost perfect agreement between both methods using either of the plates. In contrast to agar dilution, a 20.5 fold cost reduction was seen in BMD using in-house plates and a 5.8 fold reduction using commercial plates to test a single isolate. However, when testing 30 isolates concurrently the cost significantly increased for commercial BMD plates by 8.4 folds, and only 1.03 fold cost reduction was seen with in-house BMD plates. CONCLUSION BMD gives comparable results to agar dilution and can be considered a method of choice to test a small number of samples. The technique is an economical option when plates are standardized in-house and could be employed for susceptibility testing of the B. fragilis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sood
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Archana Angrup
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Guérin F, Dejoies L, Degand N, Guet-Revillet H, Janvier F, Corvec S, Barraud O, Guillard T, Walewski V, Gallois E, Cattoir V. In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081665. [PMID: 34442745 PMCID: PMC8398781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multicentre study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to anti-anaerobic antibiotics of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) isolates responsible for invasive infections in humans. A total of 133 GPAC isolates were collected in nine French hospitals from 2016 to 2020. All strains were identified to the species level (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA sequencing). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, clindamycin, vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and metronidazole were determined by the reference agar dilution method. Main erm-like genes were detected by PCR. The 133 GPAC isolates were identified as follows: 10 Anaerococcus spp., 49 Finegoldia magna, 33 Parvimonas micra, 30 Peptoniphilus spp., and 11 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin (except 3 P. micra), linezolid and metronidazole. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and piperacillin, except for P. anaerobius (54% and 45% susceptibility only, respectively). MICs of cefotaxime widely varied while activity of rifampicin, and moxifloxacin was also variable. Concerning clindamycin, 31 were categorized as resistant (22 erm(A) subclass erm(TR), 7 erm(B), 1 both genes and 1 negative for tested erm genes) with MICs from 8 to >32 mg/L. Although GPACs are usually susceptible to drugs commonly used for the treatment of anaerobic infections, antimicrobial susceptibility should be evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guérin
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France; (F.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Loren Dejoies
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France; (F.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Nicolas Degand
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Nice, F-06202 Nice, France;
| | | | - Frédéric Janvier
- Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Saint-Anne, F-83800 Toulon, France;
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU de Nantes, F-44093 Nantes, France;
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Dupuytren, F-87042 Limoges, France;
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital Robert Debré-CHU de Reims, F-51090 Reims, France;
| | - Violaine Walewski
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Seine Denis (HUPSSD), Site Avicenne, AP-HP, F-93000 Bobigny, France;
| | | | - Vincent Cattoir
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France; (F.G.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-99-28-42-76; Fax: +33-2-99-28-41-59
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Skusa R, Skusa C, Wohlfarth M, Hahn A, Frickmann H, Weber MA, Podbielski A, Warnke P. How to Handle CT-Guided Abscess Drainages in Microbiological Analyses? Sterile Vials vs. Blood Culture Bottles for Transport and Processing. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071510. [PMID: 34361944 PMCID: PMC8306503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to compare microbiological analyses of 100 computed tomography-guided drainages from infectious foci (thoracic, abdominal, musculoskeletal), transported and analyzed by two widely established techniques, that are (i) sterile vials or (ii) inoculated blood culture bottles. The mean number of detected microorganisms from blood culture (aerobic/anaerobic) or conventional method (sterile vial, solid and broth media) per specimen were comparable with 1.29 and 1.41, respectively (p = 1.0). The conventional method showed a trend towards shorter time-to-result (median 28.62 h) in comparison to blood culture incubation (median 43.55 h) (p = 0.0722). Of note, detection of anaerobes (13% vs. 36%) and the number of detected microorganisms in polymicrobial infections (2.76 vs. 3.26) differed significantly with an advantage towards conventional techniques (p = 0.0015; p = 0.035), especially in abdominal aspirations. Despite substantially overlapping results from both techniques, the conventional approach includes some benefits which justify its role as standard approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Skusa
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.); (A.P.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)3-814-945-943
| | - Christopher Skusa
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (M.W.); (M.-A.W.)
| | - Moritz Wohlfarth
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (M.W.); (M.-A.W.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.); (A.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.); (A.P.); (P.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (M.W.); (M.-A.W.)
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.); (A.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Philipp Warnke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.); (A.P.); (P.W.)
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Morel G, Mulier G, Ghrenassia E, Abdel Nabey M, Tandjaoui Y, Kouatchet A, Platon L, Pène F, Moreau AS, Seguin A, Contou D, Sonneville R, Rousset D, Picard M, Dumas G, Mokart D, Megarbane B, Voiriot G, Oddou I, Azoulay E, Biard L, Zafrani L. Non-C. difficile Clostridioides Bacteremia in Intensive Care Patients, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1840-1849. [PMID: 34153220 PMCID: PMC8237868 DOI: 10.3201/eid2707.203471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Article Summary: This multicenter study focusing on critically ill patients showed a strong relationship between hemolysis and mortality. Usually responsible for soft tissue infections, Clostridioides species can also cause bacteremia, life-threatening infections often requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to investigate Clostridioides bacteremia in ICUs to describe the clinical and biologic characteristics and outcomes in critically ill patients. We identified 135 patients with Clostridioides bacteremia, which occurred almost exclusively (96%) in patients with underlying conditions. Septic shock and digestive symptoms were the hallmarks of Clostridioides bacteremia in the ICU. We identified 16 different species of Clostridioides, among which C. perfringens accounted for 31% of cases. Despite the high sensitivity of Clostridioides to common antimicrobial drugs, mortality rates were high: 52% for ICU patients and 71% overall at 3 months. In multivariate analysis, the most important factor associated with increased risk for death was the presence of hemolysis. Clostridioides bacteremia often leads to multiple organ failures, which have high mortality rates.
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Lourtet-Hascoet J, Hascoet S, Galinier JL, Fontenel B, Monteil B, Bonnet E. Endocarditis due to Gram Positive Anaerobic Cocci: First report of Peptoniphilus indolicus endocarditis and literature review. CLINICAL INFECTION IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kasanga M, Mukosha R, Kasanga M, Siyanga M, Mudenda S, Solochi BB, Chileshe M, Mwiikisa MJ, Gondwe T, Kantenga T, Shibemba AL, Nakazwe R, Chitalu M, Wu J. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens their distribution in university teaching hospitals in Zambia. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:811-824. [PMID: 34184556 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens from urine, blood and wound infections and their distribution by age, sex and location. Materials & methods: A total of 49,168 samples were collected, processed and analyzed. Results: Multidrug resistance was observed in almost all bacterial pathogens in blood urine and wound swabs. In urine and females odds ratio (OR) = 0.864, p = 0.023, OR = 0.909, p = 0.013 urine and neonates were susceptible to antibiotics OR = 0.859, p = 0.003, OR = 0.741, p < 0.001. Ampicillin resistance was above 90% against Escherichia coli in blood, urine and wound swabs. Conclusion: There was a spike in resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus species from all three specimen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Kasanga
- Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.,Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Raphael Mukosha
- Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital, Laboratory Department, Great East Road, Chainama Area, Lusaka, 3170151, Zambia
| | - Maika Kasanga
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Makomani Siyanga
- Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Plot No. 2350/M, Off KK International Airport Road, Lusaka, 31890, Zambia
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Lusaka, 50110, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, The University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka, 32379, Zambia
| | - Benjamin Bisesa Solochi
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Misheck Chileshe
- Department of Mary Begg Health Services Laboratory, 56 Chintu Avenue, Northrise, Ndola, 72221, Zambia
| | - Mark J Mwiikisa
- Department of Lusaka Trust Hospital Laboratory, Plot 2190, Nsumbu Rd, Woodlands, Lusaka Main, Lusaka, 35852, Zambia
| | - Theodore Gondwe
- Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Timothy Kantenga
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron Lunda Shibemba
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia.,Directorate of Clinical Pathology & Laboratory Services, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ruth Nakazwe
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mwansa Chitalu
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, University Teaching Hospitals, P/Bag RW1X, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jian Wu
- Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Molecular Physiology of Anaerobic Phototrophic Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126398. [PMID: 34203823 PMCID: PMC8232776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two main types of bacterial photosynthesis: oxygenic (cyanobacteria) and anoxygenic (sulfur and non-sulfur phototrophs). Molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis in the phototrophic microorganisms can differ and depend on their location and pigments in the cells. This paper describes bacteria capable of molecular oxidizing hydrogen sulfide, specifically the families Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae, also known as purple and green sulfur bacteria in the process of anoxygenic photosynthesis. Further, it analyzes certain important physiological processes, especially those which are characteristic for these bacterial families. Primarily, the molecular metabolism of sulfur, which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to elementary molecular sulfur, as well as photosynthetic processes taking place inside of cells are presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the molecular structure of the photosynthetic apparatus in these two families of phototrophs. Moreover, some of their molecular biotechnological perspectives are discussed.
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Antibiotic susceptibility of human gut-derived facultative anaerobic bacteria is different under aerobic versus anaerobic test conditions. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104847. [PMID: 34116163 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Facultative anaerobes are the most common cause of infections in anoxic parts of the human body, including deep wound, vagina, periodontal pockets, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract and lungs. Generally, antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) for facultative anaerobes are performed under aerobic conditions due to ease of handling and rapid growth. However, variation in susceptibility of facultative anaerobes to antibiotics under aerobic and anaerobic conditions can lead to failure of antibiotic treatment. Our study evaluated the susceptibility of facultative anaerobic microorganisms to antibiotics during growth under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. We compared the resistance patterns of representatives from 15 bacterial genera isolated from the human-gastrointestinal tract against 22 different antibiotics from six classes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Preliminary results obtained by a disc diffusion method were verified using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. The results demonstrated that 7-strains had a similar pattern of drug resistance under both conditions, while the remaining ten strains had significant differences in resistance patterns between aerobic and anaerobic conditions for at least one antibiotic. We conclude that successful antibiotic therapy for host-associated pathogens requires proper assessment of the oxygen condition of the growth environment and MIC testing of each pathogen under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
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Sood A, Ray P, Angrup A. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in clinical anaerobic isolates from India. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab044. [PMID: 34223113 PMCID: PMC8210138 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in anaerobes remains a neglected field. The laborious procedures, non-compliance with the standard methodology and differences in interpretive breakpoints add variation in resistance data. OBJECTIVES To assess the phenotypic and genotypic resistance among clinically important anaerobes to six antibiotics frequently used as empirical therapy for anaerobic infections. METHODS A total of 150 anaerobic isolates were recovered from clinical specimens. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the breakpoint agar dilution method as per CLSI guidelines. The presence of genes encoding resistance to metronidazole (nim gene), imipenem (cfiA gene) and mobilizable insertion sequence (IS) elements was detected to comprehend their association with phenotypic resistance. RESULTS This is a first study of its kind from the Indian subcontinent looking at the AMR and associated genes in anaerobes. Resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoxitin was 32.6%, 42.6%, 0.6%, 38% and 35.3%, respectively. No resistance was observed to chloramphenicol. The nim gene was detected in 24.6% of isolates, of which 70.2% were resistant by phenotype. On sequencing, the PCR products of six random nim genes showed a close similarity to nimE of Bacteroides fragilis with 99% nucleotide and 100% amino acid sequence similarity. The cfiA gene, associated with imipenem resistance, was detected in 16% of isolates. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of isolates carrying AMR genes to become resistant to antibiotics by acquisition of IS elements mandates attention to periodically monitor the resistance patterns and geographic distribution of these genes and IS elements to understand the trends of AMR in anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sood
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Archana Angrup
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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Thomas C, Gwenin CD. The Role of Nitroreductases in Resistance to Nitroimidazoles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:388. [PMID: 34062712 PMCID: PMC8147198 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge facing modern medicine, with an estimated 700,000 people dying annually and a global cost in excess of $100 trillion. This has led to an increased need to develop new, effective treatments. This review focuses on nitroimidazoles, which have seen a resurgence in interest due to their broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The role of nitroreductases is to activate the antimicrobial by reducing the nitro group. A decrease in the activity of nitroreductases is associated with resistance. This review will discuss the resistance mechanisms of different disease organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, and how these impact the effectiveness of specific nitroimidazoles. Perspectives in the field of nitroimidazole drug development are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Thomas
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Christopher D. Gwenin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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Milosavljevic MN, Kostic M, Milovanovic J, Zaric RZ, Stojadinovic M, Jankovic SM, Stefanovic SM. Antimicrobial treatment of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum invasive infections: a systematic review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e30. [PMID: 33852713 PMCID: PMC8046505 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the causal role of
Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum in specific invasive
infections in humans, and to assess the clinical outcome of antibiotic therapy
used to treat them. Several electronic databases were systematically searched
for clinical trials, observational studies or individual cases on patients of
any age and gender with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to
E. ramosum isolated from body fluids or tissues in which it
is not normally present. Only reports identifying E. ramosum as
the only microorganism isolated from a patient with SIRS were included. This
systematic review included 15 studies reporting 19 individual cases in which
E. ramosum caused invasive infections in various tissues,
mainly in immunocompromised patients. E. ramosum was most often
isolated by blood cultures and identified by specific biochemical tests. Severe
infections caused by E. ramosum were in most cases effectively
treated with antibiotics, except in two patients, one of whom died. More than
one isolate of E. ramosum exhibited 100% susceptibility to
metronidazole, amoxicillin/clavulanate and piperacillin/tazobactam. On the other
hand, individual resistance of this bacterium to penicillin, ciprofloxacin,
clindamycin, imipenem and ertapenem was reported. This systematic review
confirmed the clinical relevance of E. ramosum as a cause of a
number of severe infections mainly in immunocompromised inpatients.
Metronidazole and meropenem appear to be the antibiotics of choice that should
be used in combination or as monotherapy to treat E. ramosum
infections, depending on the type and severity of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos N Milosavljevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Milovanovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Radica Zivkovic Zaric
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Slobodan M Jankovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Srdjan M Stefanovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Agossa K, Sy K, Mainville T, Gosset M, Jeanne S, Grosgogeat B, Siepmann F, Loingeville F, Dubar M. Antibiotic Use in Periodontal Therapy among French Dentists and Factors Which Influence Prescribing Practices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:303. [PMID: 33804145 PMCID: PMC8001084 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present survey is to investigate the use of antibiotics during periodontal therapy among French dentists with a focus on exploring potential differences between various groups of practitioners. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to different groups of practitioners including members of (i) the French Society of Periodontology and Implantology; (ii) the College of University Teachers in Periodontology and, (iii) private practitioners participating in the French general dental practice-based research network. 272 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Prescription patterns were globally in line with the current recommendations. Systemic antibiotics are most frequently used as a first-line therapy in necrotizing periodontitis (92%) and aggressive periodontitis (53.3% to 66.1%). However, malpractice still exists, including in the management of periodontal abscesses. Antibiotics are prescribed (i) less frequently for periodontal abscesses and (ii) more frequently for generalized aggressive periodontitis by members of the periodontal society and University college (p < 0.05). Amoxicillin (59.9%) and the amoxicillin + metronidazole (59.6%) combination were the most frequently prescribed molecules. Providing a high number of periodontal treatments per week, being more recently graduated, having a post-graduate certificate in periodontology and holding or having held an academic position/hospital practice were all factors associated with a better knowledge of and/or more adequate antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevimy Agossa
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008—Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France; (K.S.); (F.S.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Lille, Place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France; (T.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Kadiatou Sy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008—Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France; (K.S.); (F.S.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d’Odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Théo Mainville
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Lille, Place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France; (T.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Marjolaine Gosset
- Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies URP2496, Université de Paris, F-92120 Montrouge, France;
- Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Charles Foix, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
- SFPIO—French Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- UFR d’Odontologie de Rennes, Bâtiment 15, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, Campus Santé, 35043 Rennes, France;
- Pôle Odontologie, CHU Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France
- CNEP—French College of Teachers in Periodontology, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d’Odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon—Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- ReCOL—French Private Dental Practice-Based Research Network, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Siepmann
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008—Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France; (K.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Florence Loingeville
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694—METRICS: Evaluation of Health Technologies and Medical Practices, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Lille, Place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France; (T.M.); (M.D.)
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 JPArc, F-59000 Lille, France
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Effects of 2% sodium fluoride solution on the prevention of streptococcal adhesion to titanium and zirconia surfaces. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4498. [PMID: 33627733 PMCID: PMC7904803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococci are associated with dental plaque formation as the early-colonizing bacteria that adhere to titanium (CpTi) and zirconia (TZP) implant abutment surfaces. Effective prevention of peri-implantitis may be possible by removing streptococci as target. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2% NaF on the prevention of streptococcal adhesion to CpTi and TZP. After immersion in 2% NaF for 90 min, surface characterization of mirror-polished CpTi and TZP disks were assesed using XPS, EPMA, and SEM. S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. oralis were used as the streptococcal bacterial strains. After 24 h culture, bacterial adhesion was evaluated using an ATP-bioluminescent assay and SEM. In XPS, EPMA, and SEM analyses, fluoride was detected on the CpTi and TZP surfaces after 2% NaF immersion with no signs of localization, and no corrosion on the CpTi disks. Based on the adhesion assay, the adherences of S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. oralis were significantly lower with NaF than without NaF in CpTi (p = 0.005, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively) and TZP (p = 0.003, 0.002, and 0.001). This was also confirmed by SEM. In conclusion, 2% NaF reduced the adhesion of streptococci to the CpTi and TZP surfaces.
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Kaprou GD, Bergšpica I, Alexa EA, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Prieto M. Rapid Methods for Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:209. [PMID: 33672677 PMCID: PMC7924329 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most challenging threats in public health; thus, there is a growing demand for methods and technologies that enable rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The conventional methods and technologies addressing AMR diagnostics and AST employed in clinical microbiology are tedious, with high turnaround times (TAT), and are usually expensive. As a result, empirical antimicrobial therapies are prescribed leading to AMR spread, which in turn causes higher mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. This review describes the developments in current cutting-edge methods and technologies, organized by key enabling research domains, towards fighting the looming AMR menace by employing recent advances in AMR diagnostic tools. First, we summarize the conventional methods addressing AMR detection, surveillance, and AST. Thereafter, we examine more recent non-conventional methods and the advancements in each field, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and microfluidics technology. Following, we provide examples of commercially available diagnostic platforms for AST. Finally, perspectives on the implementation of emerging concepts towards developing paradigm-changing technologies and methodologies for AMR diagnostics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia D. Kaprou
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ieva Bergšpica
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena A. Alexa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
| | - Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (I.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.A.-O.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Actinomyces Infections: What Have We Learned? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020151. [PMID: 33546209 PMCID: PMC7913296 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Mayslich C, Grange PA, Dupin N. Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: An Update of Its Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms 2021; 9:303. [PMID: 33540667 PMCID: PMC7913060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is a member of the skin microbiota found predominantly in regions rich in sebaceous glands. It is involved in maintaining healthy skin and has long been considered a commensal bacterium. Its involvement in various infections has led to its emergence as an opportunist pathogen. Interactions between C. acnes and the human host, including the human skin microbiota, promote the selection of C. acnes strains capable of producing several virulence factors that increase inflammatory capability. This pathogenic property may be related to many infectious mechanisms, such as an ability to form biofilms and the expression of putative virulence factors capable of triggering host immune responses or enabling C. acnes to adapt to its environment. During the past decade, many studies have identified and characterized several putative virulence factors potentially involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These virulence factors are involved in bacterial attachment to target cells, polysaccharide-based biofilm synthesis, molecular structures mediating inflammation, and the enzymatic degradation of host tissues. C. acnes, like other skin-associated bacteria, can colonize various ecological niches other than skin. It produces several proteins or glycoproteins that could be considered to be active virulence factors, enabling the bacterium to adapt to the lipophilic environment of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin, but also to the various organs it colonizes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning characterized C. acnes virulence factors and their possible implication in the pathogenicity of C. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Mayslich
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Philippe Alain Grange
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.5, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- NSERM Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Equipe de Biologie Cutanée, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.M.); (P.A.G.)
- Service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Groupe Hospitalier APHP.5, CNR IST Bactériennes—Laboratoire Associé Syphilis, 75014 Paris, France
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Gu SL, Gong Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Wu Z, Xu Q, Fang Y, Wang J, Tang LL. Effect of the Short-Term Use of Fluoroquinolone and β-Lactam Antibiotics on Mouse Gut Microbiota. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4547-4558. [PMID: 33376361 PMCID: PMC7762438 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s281274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the overuse of antibiotics increases the spread of drug-resistant bacteria and causes dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Few studies have addressed the longitudinal effects of antibiotics on the microbiome and host immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the short-term effect of fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) and β-lactam antibiotics (meropenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and aztreonam) on the gut microbiota of mice was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The susceptibility of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, and Clostridium butyricum to these antimicrobial agents was assessed using the disc diffusion method. RESULTS Our results showed that 4-day antibiotic exposure significantly reduced the alpha and beta diversity of gut bacteria and increased serum inflammatory cytokines, and these changes persisted long after antibiotic withdrawal and did not return to pre-treatment levels. Nonetheless, the bacterial community composition tended to return to pre-treatment levels after discontinuing treatment. The tested probiotic strains were resistant to aztreonam but were sensitive to meropenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam. CONCLUSION Short-term antibiotic treatment led to significant changes in the intestinal flora with a tendency to recover. The antibiotics had different effects on the intestinal microbial community and probiotic strains. This study provides guidance for the concomitant use of probiotics and antibiotics, and the results emphasize the importance of using broad-spectrum antibiotics responsibly to prevent the long-term disruption of the native microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Lan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaomai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Tang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
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Filipović G, Stevanović MD, Stojanović-Radić Z, Obradović R, Randjelović PJ, Radulović NS. Choosing the Right Essential Oil for a Mouthwash: Chemical, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Studies. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000748. [PMID: 32975038 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen commercial essential oils were assessed for their possible inclusion in a mouthwash formulation based on their inhibitory effect against potentially pathogenic anaerobic oral bacterial isolates from subgingival plaque, and their cytotoxicity towards gingival cells. The essential oils, originating from species belonging to seven major aromatic plant families, were chosen to provide the necessary diversity in chemical composition that was analyzed in detail by GC and GC/MS. Multivariate statistical analysis, performed using the in vitro microbiological/toxicological assays and compositional data, revealed that the major components of the essential oils were probably not the main carriers of the activities observed. A formulation of 'designer' mouthwashes is proposed based on the selective action of certain essential oils towards specific bacterial isolates (e. g., Citrus bergamia vs. Parvimonas micra), and non-toxicity to gingival cells at antimicrobially active concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Filipović
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica D Stevanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Radmila Obradović
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Ðinđića 81, Niš, 18000, Serbia
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Ágoston Z, Terhes G, Hannauer P, Gajdács M, Urbán E. Fatal case of bacteremia caused by Streptococcus suis in a splenectomized man and a review of the European literature. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:148-155. [PMID: 32223305 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic human pathogen, which is a causative agent of invasive infections in people who are in close contact with infected pigs or contaminated pork products. It is associated with severe systemic infections, most commonly meningitis and sepsis, which may lead to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Serotype 2 is the most prevalent type in S. suis infections in humans. We have reported a case of a very rapidly proceeding fatal human S. suis infection in a splenectomized, but otherwise immunocompetent patient in Hungary. We would like to highlight the attention for this pathogen for the risk group patients, not only pig breeders, veterinarians, abattoir workers, meat processing and transport workers, butchers and cooks, that those persons who are immunocompromised including those with spleen removed, persons with diabetes mellitus, cancer and alcoholism, are also at greater risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Ágoston
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hannauer
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- 3Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720, Eötvös utca 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- 4Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, Hungary
- 5Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624, Szigeti utca 12, Pécs, Hungary
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