1
|
Yu HQ, Li G, Lou HX. Isolation, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activity of Polycyclic Xanthones From Actinomycetes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922089. [PMID: 35910634 PMCID: PMC9327801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from actinomycetes serve as a crucial source of clinical pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics and anticancer agents. Among them, polycyclic xanthones belong to a growing group of highly oxygenated aromatic polyketides with a xanthone-containing angular hexacyclic framework. These biosynthetically unique small molecules are of great interest due to their wide spectrum of biological activities, especially the remarkable antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and the significant antineoplastic effects toward various cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. Their complex structures and significant bioactivities have aroused considerable attention in the chemical and biological communities in recent decades. This review covers the isolation, the biosynthesis, and the biological studies toward these structurally complex and biologically active molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li,
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Hong-Xiang Lou,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Optimization of Pre-Inoculum, Fermentation Process Parameters and Precursor Supplementation Conditions to Enhance Apigenin Production by a Recombinant Streptomyces albus Strain. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI (Streptomyces albus-pAPI) is a recombinant strain constructed to biotechnologically produce apigenin, a flavonoid with interesting bioactive features that up to now has been manufactured by extraction from plants with long and not environmentally friendly procedures. So far, in literature, only a maximum apigenin concentration of 80.0 µg·L−1 has been obtained in shake flasks. In this paper, three integrated fermentation strategies were exploited to enhance the apigenin production by Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI, combining specific approaches for pre-inoculum conditions, optimization of fermentation process parameters and supplementation of precursors. Using a pre-inoculum of mycelium, the apigenin concentration increased of 1.8-fold in shake flask physiological studies. In 2L batch fermentation, the aeration and stirring conditions were optimized and integrated with the new inoculum approach and the apigenin production reached 184.8 ± 4.0 µg·L−1, with a productivity of 2.6 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. The supplementation of 1.5 mM L-tyrosine in batch fermentations allowed to obtain an apigenin production of 343.3 ± 3.0 µg·L−1 in only 48 h, with an increased productivity of 7.1 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. This work demonstrates that the optimization of fermentation process conditions is a crucial requirement to increase the apigenin concentration and productivity by up to 4.3- and 10.7-fold.
Collapse
|
3
|
Frensch B, Lechtenberg T, Kather M, Yunt Z, Betschart M, Kammerer B, Lüdeke S, Müller M, Piel J, Teufel R. Enzymatic spiroketal formation via oxidative rearrangement of pentangular polyketides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1431. [PMID: 33664266 PMCID: PMC7933358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural complexity and bioactivity of natural products often depend on enzymatic redox tailoring steps. This is exemplified by the generation of the bisbenzannulated [5,6]-spiroketal pharmacophore in the bacterial rubromycin family of aromatic polyketides, which exhibit a wide array of bioactivities such as the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase or DNA helicase. Here we elucidate the complex flavoenzyme-driven formation of the rubromycin pharmacophore that is markedly distinct from conventional (bio)synthetic strategies for spiroketal formation. Accordingly, a polycyclic aromatic precursor undergoes extensive enzymatic oxidative rearrangement catalyzed by two flavoprotein monooxygenases and a flavoprotein oxidase that ultimately results in a drastic distortion of the carbon skeleton. The one-pot in vitro reconstitution of the key enzymatic steps as well as the comprehensive characterization of reactive intermediates allow to unravel the intricate underlying reactions, during which four carbon-carbon bonds are broken and two CO2 become eliminated. This work provides detailed insight into perplexing redox tailoring enzymology that sets the stage for the (chemo)enzymatic production and bioengineering of bioactive spiroketal-containing polyketides. Rubromycin family of natural products belongs to aromatic polyketides with diverse bioactivities, but details of their biosynthesis are limited. Here, the authors report the complete in vitro reconstitution of enzymatic formation of the spiroketal moiety of rubromycin polyketides, driven by flavin-dependent enzymes, and characterize reaction intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Frensch
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lechtenberg
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michel Kather
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zeynep Yunt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Martin Betschart
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Lüdeke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Teufel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Zhang R, Chen X, Sun X, Yan Y, Shen X, Yuan Q. Biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides in microorganisms using type II polyketide synthases. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:110. [PMID: 32448179 PMCID: PMC7247197 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic polyketides have attractive biological activities and pharmacological properties. Different from other polyketides, aromatic polyketides are characterized by their polycyclic aromatic structure. The biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides is usually accomplished by the type II polyketide synthases (PKSs), which produce highly diverse polyketide chains by sequential condensation of the starter units with extender units, followed by reduction, cyclization, aromatization and tailoring reactions. Recently, significant progress has been made in characterization and engineering of type II PKSs to produce novel products and improve product titers. In this review, we briefly summarize the architectural organizations and genetic contributions of PKS genes to provide insight into the biosynthetic process. We then review the most recent progress in engineered biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides, with emphasis on generating novel molecular structures. We also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in the rational engineering of type II PKSs for large scale production of aromatic polyketides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mast Y, Stegmann E. Actinomycetes: The Antibiotics Producers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E105. [PMID: 31362405 PMCID: PMC6783997 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are well known as an inexhaustible source for antibiotics [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mast
- Department of Bioresources for Bioeconomy and Health Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute for Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Evi Stegmann
- Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Villebro R, Shaw S, Blin K, Weber T. Sequence-based classification of type II polyketide synthase biosynthetic gene clusters for antiSMASH. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:469-475. [PMID: 30610412 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The software antiSMASH examines microbial genome data to identify and analyze biosynthetic gene clusters for a wide range of natural products. So far, type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters could only be identified, but no detailed predictions for type II PKS gene clusters could be provided. In this study, an antiSMASH module for analyzing type II PKS gene clusters has been developed. The module detects genes/proteins in the type II PKS gene cluster involved with polyketide biosynthesis and is able to make predictions about the aromatic polyketide product. Predictions include the putative starter unit, the number of malonyl elongations during polyketide biosynthesis, the putative class and the molecular weight of the product. Furthermore, putative cyclization patterns are predicted. The accuracy of the predictions generated with the new PKSII antiSMASH module was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross validation. The prediction module is available in antiSMASH version 5 at https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Villebro
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Shaw
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Blin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|