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Hejna A, Barczewski M, Kosmela P, Aniśko J, Szulc J, Skórczewska K, Piasecki A, Kuang T. More than just a beer - Brewers' spent grain, spent hops, and spent yeast as potential functional fillers for polymer composites. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 180:23-35. [PMID: 38503031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Beer is among the most popular beverages in the world, with the production distributed uniformly between the biggest continents, so the utilization of brewing by-products is essential on a global scale. Among their potential recipients, the plastics industry offers extensive range of potential products. Herein, the presented study investigated the application of currently underutilized solid brewing by-products (brewers' spent grain, spent hops, spent yeast) as fillers for highly-filled poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, providing the first direct connection between spent hops or spent yeast and the polymer composites. Comprehensive by-product characterization revealed differences in chemical composition. The elemental C:O ratio, protein content, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity varied from 1.40 to 1.89, 12.9 to 32.4 wt%, and 2.41 to 10.24 mg/g, respectively, which was mirrored in the composites' structure and performance. Morphological analysis pointed to the composition-driven hydrophilicity gap limiting interfacial adhesion for high shares of brewers' spent grain and spent hops, due to high hydrophilicity induced by carbohydrate content. Phytochemicals and other components of applied by-products stimulated composites' oxidative resistance, shifting oxidation onset temperature from 261 °C for matrix over 360 °C for high spent yeast shares. Simultaneously, spent yeast also provided compatibilizing effects for poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, reducing complex viscosity compared to other fillers and indicating its highest affinity to poly(ε-caprolactone)due to the lowest hydrophilicity gap. The presented results indicate that the proper selection of brewing by-products and adjustment of their shares creates an exciting possibility of engineering composites' structure and performance, which can be transferred to other polymers differing with hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Hejna
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland; Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Kosmela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tairong Kuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Plastic Modification and Processing Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Yang D, Fan B, Sun G, He YC, Ma C. Ultraviolet blocking ability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of newly prepared polyvinyl alcohol-nanocellulose‑silver nanoparticles-ChunJian peel extract composite film. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126427. [PMID: 37598821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nanocellulose (CNC) from waste water chestnut (WCT) shell was firstly used for preparing nanocomposite films, by using ChunJian peel extract (CJPE) as a green reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and then loading them into polyvinyl alcohol-nanocellulose (PVA-CNC) matrix, a multifunctional nanocomposite material that could be used in food packaging was developed. The prepared films were tested for mechanical strength, barrier properties, thermal properties, antibacterial, antioxidant and biocompatibility through various characterizations. The PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film had good thermostability, mechanical strength, barrier properties, and biocompatibility. Compared with pure PVA film and PVA-CNC film, PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE could shield over 95 % of the UVB (320-275 nm) spectrum and UVC (275-200 nm) spectrum and most of the UVA (400-320 nm). By disk diffusion analysis, the inhibition zones of PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis were 22.3 mm, 25.0 mm, 22.0 mm and 19.3 mm, respectively. The milk antibacterial simulation test confirmed that PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film could effectively limit bacterial reproduction and prolong the shelf life of milk. PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film had excellent UV barrier properties, good antioxidant properties and high-efficiency antibacterial activity, which is expected to be widely used in sustainable nanocomposite food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guangting Sun
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Lifes, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Cuiluan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Lifes, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Šafranko S, Šubarić D, Jerković I, Jokić S. Citrus By-Products as a Valuable Source of Biologically Active Compounds with Promising Pharmaceutical, Biological and Biomedical Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1081. [PMID: 37630996 PMCID: PMC10458533 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits processing results in the generation of huge amounts of citrus by-products, mainly peels, pulp, membranes, and seeds. Although they represent a major concern from both economical and environmental aspects, it is very important to emphasize that these by-products contain a rich source of value-added bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The primary aim of this review is to highlight the great potential of isolated phytochemicals and extracts of individual citrus by-products with bioactive properties (e.g., antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and other beneficial activities with health-promoting abilities) and their potential in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biological applications. This review on citrus by-products contains the following parts: structural and chemical characteristics; the utilization of citrus by-products; bioactivities of the present waxes and carotenoids, essential oils, pectins, and phenolic compounds; and citrus by-product formulations with enhanced biocactivities. A summary of the recent developments in applying citrus by-products for the treatment of different diseases and the protection of human health is also provided, emphasizing innovative methods for bioaccessibility enhancements (e.g., extract/component encapsulation, synthesis of biomass-derived nanoparticles, nanocarriers, or biofilm preparation). Based on the representative phytochemical groups, an evaluation of the recent studies of the past six years (from 2018 to 2023) reporting specific biological and health-promoting activities of citrus-based by-products is also provided. Finally, this review discusses advanced and modern approaches in pharmaceutical/biological formulations and drug delivery (e.g., carbon precursors for the preparation of nanoparticles with promising antimicrobial activity, the production of fluorescent nanoparticles with potential application as antitumor agents, and in cellular imaging). The recent studies implementing nanotechnology in food science and biotechnology could bring about new insights into providing innovative solutions for new pharmaceutical and medical discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Šafranko
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.Š.); (D.Š.)
| | - Drago Šubarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.Š.); (D.Š.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.Š.); (D.Š.)
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Jordà-Reolid M, Moreno V, Martínez-Garcia A, Covas JA, Gomez-Caturla J, Ivorra-Martinez J, Quiles-Carrillo L. Incorporation of Argan Shell Flour in a Biobased Polypropylene Matrix for the Development of High Environmentally Friendly Composites by Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2743. [PMID: 37376389 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new composite material is developed using a semi bio-based polypropylene (bioPP) and micronized argan shell (MAS) byproducts. To improve the interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix, a compatibilizer, PP-g-MA, is used. The samples are prepared using a co-rotating twin extruder followed by an injection molding process. The addition of the MAS filler improves the mechanical properties of the bioPP, as evidenced by an increase in tensile strength from 18.2 MPa to 20.8 MPa. The reinforcement is also observed in the thermomechanical properties, with an increased storage modulus. The thermal characterization and X-ray diffraction indicate that the addition of the filler leads to the formation of α structure crystals in the polymer matrix. However, the addition of a lignocellulosic filler also leads to an increased affinity for water. As a result, the water uptake of the composites increases, although it remains relatively low even after 14 weeks. The water contact angle is also reduced. The color of the composites changes to a color similar to wood. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using MAS byproducts to improve their mechanical properties. However, the increased affinity with water should be taken into account in potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jordà-Reolid
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area-AIJU, Technological Institute for Children's Products & Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
| | - Virginia Moreno
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Asunción Martínez-Garcia
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area-AIJU, Technological Institute for Children's Products & Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
| | - José A Covas
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Jaume Gomez-Caturla
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
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Aniśko J, Barczewski M. Uniaxial Rotational Molding of Bio-Based Low-Density Polyethylene Filled with Black Tea Waste. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103641. [PMID: 37241268 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the possibility of obtaining uniaxially rotomolded composite parts was discussed. The used matrix was bio-based low-density polyethylene (bioLDPE) filled with black tea waste (BTW) to prevent the thermooxidation of samples during processing. In rotational molding technology, the material is held at an elevated temperature in a molten state for a relatively long time, which can result in polymer oxidation. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that adding 10 wt% of black tea waste has not led to the formation of carbonyl compounds in polyethylene, and adding 5 wt% and above prevents the appearance of the C-O stretching band connected with degradation of LDPE. The rheological analysis proved the stabilizing effect of black tea waste on the polyethylene matrix. The same temperature conditions of rotational molding did not change the chemical composition of black tea but slightly influenced the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts; the detected changes suggest degradation is a color change, and the total color change parameter (ΔE) is 25. The oxidation level of unstabilized polyethylene measured using the carbonyl index exceeds 1.5 and gradually decreases with the addition of BTW. The BTW filler did not influence the melting properties of bioLDPE; the melting and crystallization temperature remained stable. The addition of BTW deteriorates the composite mechanical performance, including Young modulus and tensile strength, compared to the neat bioLDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
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Plota A, Masek A. Analysis of the aging and stabilization processes in cyclic polyolefins containing various natural or synthetic stabilizers. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Singhi H, Kumar L, Sarkar P, Gaikwad KK. Chitosan based antioxidant biofilm with waste Citrus limetta pomace extract and impregnated with halloysite nanotubes for food packaging. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Shakira RM, Abd Wahab MK, Nordin N, Ariffin A. Antioxidant properties of butylated phenol with oxadiazole and hydrazone moiety at ortho position supported by DFT study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17085-17095. [PMID: 35755585 PMCID: PMC9178441 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives at the sixth position of the 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol group were synthesized. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. Compound 3 showed significant antioxidant activity, while its alkyl derivatives exhibited decreased antioxidant activity in both assays. The preferential antioxidant mechanism of the reactive antioxidant molecules prepared from the further reaction of compound 3 to produce compounds 4 and 6 was investigated using density functional theory. Calculating their comprehensive reactivity descriptors was used to assess their antioxidant reactivity. According to the calculated descriptors, compounds 4c and 6d are the most reactive antioxidants within their own group compared to the other derivative moieties. The results are identical to ascorbic acid's, indicating that they have similar activity. The experimental data and the calculated descriptors are in good agreement. The nature of the substituents and their positions have a significant impact on the derivatives' antioxidant capabilities. Two series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives at the sixth position of the 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol group were synthesized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Raied M Shakira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 7967 4193 +60 7967 7022 +60 7967 4080.,Department of Chemistry, Ibn Al-Haitham University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq
| | - Muhammad Kumayl Abd Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 7967 4193 +60 7967 7022 +60 7967 4080
| | - Nurdiana Nordin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 7967 4193 +60 7967 7022 +60 7967 4080
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia +60 7967 4193 +60 7967 7022 +60 7967 4080
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Du S, Wang X, Wang R, Lu L, Luo Y, You G, Wu S. Machine-learning-assisted molecular design of phenylnaphthylamine-type antioxidants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13399-13410. [PMID: 35608602 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 302 molecular structures of phenylnaphthylamine antioxidants based on N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine skeletons with various substituents were modeled by exhaustive methods. Antioxidant parameters, including the hydrogen dissociation energy, solubility parameter, and binding energy, were calculated through molecular simulations. Then, a group decomposition scheme was determined to decompose 302 antioxidants. The antioxidant parameters and decomposition results constituted machine-learning data sets. Using an artificial neural network model, a correlation coefficient between the predicted and true values above 0.88 and an average relative error within 6% were achieved. Random forest models were used to analyze the factors affecting antioxidant activity from chemical and physical perspectives; the results showed that amino and alkyl groups were conducive to improving antioxidant performance. Moreover, substituent positions 1, 7, and 10 of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and 3, 7, and 10 of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine were found to be the optimal positions for modifications to improve antioxidant activity. Two potentially efficient phenylnaphthylamine antioxidant structures were proposed and their antioxidant parameters were also calculated; the hydrogen dissociation energy and solubility parameter decreased by more than 9% and 7%, respectively, whereas the binding energy increased by more than 16% compared with the benchmark of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. These results indicate that molecular simulation and machine learning could provide alternative tools for the molecular design of new antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanda Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Runguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yanlong Luo
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guohua You
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Sizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Abstract
Polyphenolic esters (PEs) are valuable chemical compounds that display a wide spectrum of activities (e.g., anti-oxidative effects). As a result, their production through catalytic routes is an attractive field of research. The present review aims to discuss recent studies from the literature regarding the catalytic production of PEs from biomass feedstocks, namely, naturally occurred polyphenolic compounds. Several synthetic approaches are reported in the literature, mainly bio-catalysis and to a lesser extent acid catalysis. Immobilized lipases (e.g., Novozym 435) are the preferred enzymes thanks to their high reactivity, selectivity and reusability. Acid catalysis is principally investigated for the esterification of polyphenolic acids with fatty alcohols and/or glycerol, using both homogeneous (p-toluensulfonic acid, sulfonic acid and ionic liquids) and heterogeneous (strongly acidic cation exchange resins) catalysts. Based on the reviewed publications, we propose some suggestions to improve the synthesis of PEs with the aim of increasing the greenness of the overall production process. In fact, much more attention should be paid to the use of new and efficient acid catalysts and their reuse for multiple reaction cycles.
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Impact of Quercetin against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilm Formation on Food-Contact Surfaces and Molecular Mechanism Pattern. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070977. [PMID: 35407064 PMCID: PMC8997561 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is an active nutraceutical element that is found in a variety of foods, vegetables, fruits, and other products. Due to its antioxidant properties, quercetin is a flexible functional food that has broad protective effects against a wide range of infectious and degenerative disorders. As a result, research is required on food-contact surfaces (rubber (R) and hand gloves (HG)) that can lead to cross-contamination. In this investigation, the inhibitory effects of quercetin, an antioxidant and antibacterial molecule, were investigated at sub-MIC (125; 1/2, 62.5; 1/4, and 31.25; 1/8 MIC, μg/mL) against Salmonella Typhimurium on surfaces. When quercetin (0−125 μg/mL) was observed on R and HG surfaces, the inhibitory effects were 0.09−2.49 and 0.20−2.43 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). The results were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), because quercetin inhibited the biofilms by disturbing cell-to-cell connections and inducing cell lysis, resulting in the loss of normal cell morphology, and the motility (swimming and swarming) was significantly different at 1/4 and 1/2 MIC compared to the control. Quercetin significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the expression levels of virulence and stress response (rpoS, avrA, and hilA) and quorum-sensing (luxS) genes. Our findings imply that plant-derived quercetin could be used as an antibiofilm agent in the food industry to prevent S. Typhimurium biofilm formation.
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Comprehensive Characterization and Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds in Finger Lime (Citrus australasica L.) by HPLC-QTof-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Australian finger limes (Citrus australasica L.), an unusual citrus due to its unique pulp with a caviar-like appearance, has reached the global market as a promising source of bioactive compounds that promote health. This research was, therefore, performed to shed light on the bioactivity and composition of different parts of Citrus australasica L. (peel and pulp). Initial ultrasound-assisted extraction using MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v) was carried out. After that, four fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were generated through liquid–liquid partitioning, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction in the peel, which presented the highest values of TPC and antioxidant activity, was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-QTof) mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified, of which seven were characterized for the first time in this matrix. Moreover, ten phenolic compounds were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The major compounds in the sample were citric acid, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, coumarin, rutin, naringin, 2-coumaric acid, didymin, naringenin and isorhamnetin, which were found in a range from 2.7 to 8106.7 µg/g sample dry weight. Finally, the results presented in this novel work confirmed that the peel by-product of C. australasica L. is a potential source of bioactive compounds and could result in a positive outcome for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
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Dolçà C, Fages E, Gonga E, Garcia-Sanoguera D, Balart R, Quiles-Carrillo L. The Effect of Varying the Amount of Short Hemp Fibers on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites from Biobased Polyethylene Processed by Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010138. [PMID: 35012159 PMCID: PMC8747228 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased HDPE (bioHDPE) was melt-compounded with different percentages (2.5 to 40.0 wt.%) of short hemp fibers (HF) as a natural reinforcement to obtain environmentally friendly wood plastic composites (WPC). These WPC were melt-compounded using a twin-screw extrusion and shaped into standard samples by injection molding. To improve the poor compatibility between the high non-polar BioHDPE matrix and the highly hydrophilic lignocellulosic fibers, a malleated copolymer, namely, polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), was used. The addition of short hemp fibers provided a remarkable increase in the stiffness that, in combination with PE-g-MA, led to good mechanical performance. In particular, 40 wt.% HF drastically increased the Young’s modulus and impact strength of BioHDPE, reaching values of 5275 MPa and 3.6 kJ/m2, respectively, which are very interesting values compared to neat bioHDPE of 826 MPa and 2.0 kJ/m2. These results were corroborated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) results, which revealed a clear increasing tendency on stiffness with increasing the fiber loading over the whole temperature range. The crystal structure was not altered by the introduction of the natural fibers as could be seen in the XRD patterns in which mainly the heights of the main peaks changed, and only small peaks associated with the presence of the fiber appeared. Analysis of the thermal properties of the composites showed that no differences in melting temperature occurred and the non-isothermal crystallization process was satisfactorily described from the combined Avrami and Ozawa model. As for the thermal degradation, the introduction of HF resulted in the polymer degradation taking place at a higher temperature. As for the change in color of the injected samples, it was observed that the increase in fiber generated a clear modification in the final shades of the pieces, reaching colors very similar to dark woods for percentages higher than 20% HF. Finally, the incorporation of an increasing percentage of fibers also increased water absorption due to its lignocellulosic nature in a linear way, which drastically improved the polarity of the composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dolçà
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.)
| | - Eduardo Fages
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.)
| | - Eloi Gonga
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (C.D.); (E.F.); (E.G.)
| | - David Garcia-Sanoguera
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.G.-S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.G.-S.); (R.B.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell, 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.G.-S.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-528-433
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Xie B, Pan D, Liu H, Liu M, Shi X, Chu X, Lu J, Zhu M, Xia B, Wu J. Diosmetin Protects Against Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions Through Activation of Adipose Estrogen Receptors in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100070. [PMID: 34223710 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is a major public health and economic problem of global significance. Here, we investigate the role of diosmetin, a natural flavonoid presents mainly in citrus fruits, in the regulation of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or 5-week-old male ob/ob mice fed a normal diet are treated with diosmetin (50 mg kg-1 daily) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Diosmetin treatment decreases body weight and fat mass, improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese mice. These metabolic benefits are mainly attributed to increase energy expenditure via enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, diosmetin acts as an agonist for estrogen receptors (ERs), and subsequently elevates adipose expressions of ERs in mice and in cultured adipocytes. When ERs are blocked by their antagonist fulvestrant in mice, diosmetin loses its beneficial effects, suggesting that ERs are indispensable for the metabolic benefits of diosmetin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that diosmetin may be a potential anti-obesity nutritional supplement and could be explored for low ERs-related obesity populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Contribution to a Circular Economy Model: From Lignocellulosic Wastes from the Extraction of Vegetable Oils to the Development of a New Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142269. [PMID: 34301027 PMCID: PMC8309261 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present works focuses on the development of a novel fully bio-based composite using a bio-based high-density polyethylene (Bio-HDPE) obtained from sugar cane as matrix and a by-product of extraction of chia seed oil (CO) as filler, with the objective of achieving a circular economy model. The research aims to revalorize an ever-increasing waste stream produced by the growing interest in vegetable oils. From the technical point of view, the chia seed flour (CSF) was chemically modified using a silane treatment. This treatment provides a better interfacial adhesion as was evidenced by the mechanical and thermal properties as well as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The effect of silane treatment on water uptake and disintegration rate was also studied. On the other hand, in a second stage, an optimization of the percentage of treated CSF used as filler was carried out by a complete series of mechanical, thermal, morphological, colour, water absorption and disintegration tests with the aim to evaluate the new composite developed using chia by-products. It is noteworthy as the disintegration rate increased with the addition of CSF filler, which leads to obtain a partially biodegradable wood plastic composite (WPC) and therefore, becoming more environmentally friendly.
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16
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Plant Antioxidants for Food Safety and Quality: Exploring New Trends of Research. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060972. [PMID: 34204398 PMCID: PMC8233938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are an heterogeneous group of compounds able to counteract cell oxidation by acting as reducing agents, as free radical scavengers, and quenchers of radical species and other pro-oxidants, such as metals [...].
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Films Based on Mater-Bi ® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091506. [PMID: 34067087 PMCID: PMC8124954 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mater-Bi® NF866 (MB) was blended with gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (labeled as LF and UT), as additives, to produce biobased and compostable films for food packaging or agricultural mulch films. The films were prepared by blending MB with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of each additive. The obtained films were characterized by optical, colorimetric, wettability, and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the additives and the MB-based films were disintegrated under composting conditions and the effect of each additive on the biodegradation rate was studied. All films were homogeneous and optically transparent. The color of the films tended to yellow tones due to the addition of pine resin derivatives. All the formulated films presented a complete UV-transmittance blocking effect in the UVA and UVB region, and those with 5 wt.% of pine resin derivatives increased the MB hydrophobicity. Low amounts of resins tend to maintain the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values of the neat MB, due to its good solubilizing and compatibilizing effects. The disintegration under composting conditions test revealed that gum rosin completely disintegrates in about 90 days, while UT degrades 80% and LF degrades 5%, over 180 days of incubation. As expected, the same tendency was obtained for the disintegration of the studied films, although Mater-Bi® reach 28% of disintegrability over the 180 days of the composting test.
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18
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Mu Y, Zeng H, Chen W. Quercetin Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Decreasing the Production of EPS and Altering the Composition of EPS in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631058. [PMID: 33763049 PMCID: PMC7982815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen, and its biofilm formation ability is an important virulent factor. Quercetin, a typical flavonoid ubiquitously used in dietary supplementation, is known for its antioxidant property, but its anti-biofilm activity against S. epidermidis remains unknown. In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of quercetin was investigated using S. epidermidis ATCC35984, a strong biofilm-positive strain. An attempt was made to disclose the mechanisms of the anti-biofilm activity of quercetin. S. epidermidis exhibited a less cell surface hydrophobicity after quercetin treatment. Also, quercetin effectively inhibited S. epidermidis cells from adhering to the glass slides. Quercetin downregulated the intercellular adhesion (ica) locus and then polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) production was reduced. Therefore, S. epidermidis cells became less hydrophobic, which supported quercetin’s anti-biofilm effect. Our study suggests that quercetin from plants be given further attention as a potential anti-biofilm agent against the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis, even biofilm infections of other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China.,College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China.,College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China.,College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, China.,College of Animal Sciences Tarim University, Alar, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry and Science Technology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, China
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Jorda-Reolid M, Gomez-Caturla J, Ivorra-Martinez J, Stefani PM, Rojas-Lema S, Quiles-Carrillo L. Upgrading Argan Shell Wastes in Wood Plastic Composites with Biobased Polyethylene Matrix and Different Compatibilizers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060922. [PMID: 33802815 PMCID: PMC8002462 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on the development of wood plastic composites (WPC) based on micronized argan shell (MAS) as a filler and high-density polyethylene obtained from sugarcane (Bio-HDPE), following the principles proposed by the circular economy in which the aim is to achieve zero waste by the introduction of residues of argan as a filler. The blends were prepared by extrusion and injection molding processes. In order to improve compatibility between the argan particles and the green polyolefin, different compatibilizers and additional filler were used, namely polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA 3 wt.-%), maleinized linseed oil (MLO 7.5 phr), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs 7.5 phr), and a combination of MLO and HNTs (3.75 phr each). The mechanical, morphological, thermal, thermomechanical, colorimetric, and wettability properties of each blend were analyzed. The results show that MAS acts as a reinforcing filler, increasing the stiffness of the Bio-HDPE, and that HNTs further increases this reinforcing effect. MLO and PE-g-MA, altogether with HNTs, improve the compatibility between MAS and Bio-HDPE, particularly due to bonds formed between oxygen-based groups present in each compound. Thermal stability was also improved provided by the addition of MAS and HNTs. All in all, reddish-like brown wood plastic composites with improved stiffness, good thermal stability, enhanced compatibility, and good wettability properties were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jorda-Reolid
- Departamento de Materiales y Tecnologías, Asociación de Investigación de la Industria del Juguete, Conexas y Afines (AIJU), Av. de la Industria, 23, 03440 Ibi, Spain; (M.J.-R.); (S.R.-L.)
| | - Jaume Gomez-Caturla
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.I.-M.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Pablo Marcelo Stefani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - Sandra Rojas-Lema
- Departamento de Materiales y Tecnologías, Asociación de Investigación de la Industria del Juguete, Conexas y Afines (AIJU), Av. de la Industria, 23, 03440 Ibi, Spain; (M.J.-R.); (S.R.-L.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Departamento de Materiales y Tecnologías, Asociación de Investigación de la Industria del Juguete, Conexas y Afines (AIJU), Av. de la Industria, 23, 03440 Ibi, Spain; (M.J.-R.); (S.R.-L.)
- Correspondence: (J.I.-M.); (L.Q.-C.)
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