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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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2
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Zhang J, Li H, Deng Q, Huang AM, Qiu W, Wang L, Xiang Z, Yang R, Liang J, Liu Z. Correlation between omega-3 intake and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy based on NHANES from 2005 to 2008. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02267-4. [PMID: 38625392 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To identify correlations between omega-3 intake and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from participants over age 40 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. Metrics included participants' intake of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically three types of representative polyunsaturated fatty acids, DR prevalence, and demographic characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between omega-3 intake and DR. RESULTS Of the 1243 participants included in this study, omega-3 intake was lower in patients with DR relative to those without DR. Of the three polyunsaturated fatty acids within the omega-3 fatty acid family that we focused on, participants without DR consumed more docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than those with DR. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Higher omega-3 intake was associated with a decreased risk of DR. In a crude model, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.548 (95% CI 0.315, 0.951; p = 0.033). In the fully adjusted model of omega-3 (model II), the adjusted OR was 0.525 (95% CI 0.306, 0.901; p = 0.021). DPA and DHA were also associated with a decreased risk of DR. In the full adjustment model (model II) of DPA and DHA, the adjusted ORs were 0.0002 (95% CI 0.000, 0.166; p = 0.014) and 0.293 (95% CI 0.105, 0.819; p = 0.020). Subgroup analysis showed that the protective effect of omega-3 against DR was more significant in younger patients (p value = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study of the U.S. general population, we found that increased intake of omega-3 and its components, specifically DPA and DHA were negatively associated with DR incidence. This suggests that omega-3 may be a potential protective factor for DR and may help to prevent or delay the onset and progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Huangdong Li
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Zhejiang Provincal People's Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou, China
| | - Amy Michelle Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Wangjian Qiu
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Songgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518105, China
| | - Li Wang
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamian Liang
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM, Galván A, Valdelvira ME, Caballero-Villarraso J, Giraldo AI, Santamaría A, Luque E, Agüera E, LaTorre M, Túnez I. Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109497. [PMID: 37875228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease, whose etiology is not yet fully understood, although there are several factors that can increase the chances of suffering from it. These factors include nutrition, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In relation to nutrition, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), has emerged as an important player in the regulation of neuroinflammation, being considered a pleiotropic molecule. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DHA supplementation on clinical state and oxidative stress produced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Twenty-five Dark Agouti rats which were used divided into Control Group, Control+Vehicle Group, Control+DHA Group, EAE Group, and EAE+DHA Group. DHA was administered for 51 days by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at a dose of 40 mg/kg, once a day, 5 days a week. DHA supplementation produced a decrease in oxidative stress, as well as an improvement in the clinical score of the disease. DHA could exert a beneficial effect on the clinic of MS, through the activation of the antioxidant factor Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Alberto Galván
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel E Valdelvira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of exciting amino acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Lapaquette P, Terrat S, Proukhnitzky L, Martine L, Grégoire S, Buteau B, Cabaret S, Rieu A, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Gabrielle PH, Creuzot-Garcher C, Berdeaux O, Acar N, Bringer MA. Long-term intake of Lactobacillus helveticus enhances bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids in the mouse retina. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:4. [PMID: 38238339 PMCID: PMC10796366 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for the structure and function of the retina. Several observational studies indicate that consumption of a diet with relatively high levels of n-3 PUFAs, such as those provided by fish oils, has a protective effect against the development of age-related macular degeneration. Given the accumulating evidence showing the role of gut microbiota in regulating retinal physiology and host lipid metabolism, we evaluated the potential of long-term dietary supplementation with the Gram-positive bacterium Lactobacillus helveticus strain VEL12193 to modulate the retinal n-3 PUFA content. A set of complementary approaches was used to study the impact of such a supplementation on the gut microbiota and host lipid/fatty acid (FA) metabolism. L. helveticus-supplementation was associated with a decrease in retinal saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) as well as an increase in retinal n-3 and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs. Interestingly, supplementation with L. helveticus enriched the retina in C22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid, LA) and C20:3n-6 (dihomo gamma-linolenic acid, DGLA). Long-term consumption of L. helveticus also modulated gut microbiota composition and some changes in OTUs abundance correlated with the retinal FA content. This study provides a proof of concept that targeting the gut microbiota could be an effective strategy to modulate the retinal FA content, including that of protective n-3 PUFAs, thus opening paths for the design of novel preventive and/or therapeutical strategies for retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lapaquette
- Univ. Bourgogne, UMR PAM A 02.102, Institut Agro Dijon, INRAE, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Terrat
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Lil Proukhnitzky
- Univ. Bourgogne, UMR PAM A 02.102, Institut Agro Dijon, INRAE, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Lucy Martine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Bénédicte Buteau
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro; INRAE, PROBE Research infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Rieu
- Univ. Bourgogne, UMR PAM A 02.102, Institut Agro Dijon, INRAE, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre-Henry Gabrielle
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro; INRAE, PROBE Research infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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5
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Marino R, Sappington R, Feligioni M. Retinoprotective compounds, current efficacy, and future prospective. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2619-2622. [PMID: 37449599 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal dysfunction is the most common cause of vision loss in several retinal disorders. It has been estimated a great increase in these pathologies that are becoming more globally widespread and numerous over time, also supported by the life expectancy increment. Among different types of retinopathies, we can account some that share causes, symptoms, and treatment including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa. Molecular changes, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition might be some of the main causes that drive retinal tissue to chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in these retinopathies. The treatments available on the market contain compounds that efficiently ameliorate some of the important clinical features of these pathologies like stabilization of the intraocular pressure, reduction of eye inflammation, control of eye oxidative stress which are considered the major molecular mechanisms related to retinal dysfunction. Indeed, the most commonly used drugs are anti-inflammatories, such as corticosteroids, antioxidant, hypotonic molecules and natural neuroprotective compounds. Unfortunately, these drugs, which are fundamental to treating disease symptoms, are not capable to cure the pathologies and so they are not life-changing for patients. This review provided an overview of current treatments on the market, but more interestingly, wants to be a quick window on the new treatments that are now in clinical trials. Additionally, it has been here highlighted that the recent technical enhancement of the investigation methods to identify the various retinopathies causes might be used as a sort of "precise medicine" approach to tailor the identification of molecular pathways involved and potentially study a dedicated treatment for each patient. This approach includes the use of cutting-edge technologies like gene therapy and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Marino
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca Sappington
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy
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6
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Mora I, Pérez-Santamaria A, Tortajada-Pérez J, Vázquez-Manrique RP, Arola L, Puiggròs F. Structured Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Enhances Motility and Promotes the Antioxidant Capacity of Aged C. elegans. Cells 2023; 12:1932. [PMID: 37566010 PMCID: PMC10417004 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human lifespan has increased over the past century; however, healthspans have not kept up with this trend, especially cognitive health. Among nutrients for brain function maintenance, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA): DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) must be highlighted, particularly structured forms of EPA and DHA which were developed to improve bioavailability and bioactivity in comparison with conventional ω-3 supplements. This study aims to elucidate the effect of a structured triglyceride form of DHA (DHA-TG) on the healthspan of aged C. elegans. Using a thrashing assay, the nematodes were monitored at 4, 8, and 12 days of adulthood, and DHA-TG improved its motility at every age without affecting lifespan. In addition, the treatment promoted antioxidant capacity by enhancing the activity and expression of SOD (superoxide dismutase) in the nematodes. Lastly, as the effect of DHA-TG was lost in the DAF-16 mutant strain, it might be hypothesized that the effects of DHA need DAF-16/FOXO as an intermediary. In brief, DHA-TG exerted a healthspan-promoting effect resulting in both enhanced physical fitness and increased antioxidant defense in aged C. elegans. For the first time, an improvement in locomotive function in aged wild-type nematodes is described following DHA-TG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julia Tortajada-Pérez
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular and Genomic Biomedicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.T.-P.); (R.P.V.-M.)
- Joint Unit for Rare Diseases IIS La Fe-CIPF, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael P. Vázquez-Manrique
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular and Genomic Biomedicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.T.-P.); (R.P.V.-M.)
- Joint Unit for Rare Diseases IIS La Fe-CIPF, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
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7
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Peris-Martínez C, Piá-Ludeña JV, Rog-Revert MJ, Fernández-López E, Domingo JC. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oral Supplementation with a Highly-Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Triglyceride in Patients with Keratoconus: A Randomized Controlled Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051300. [PMID: 36904299 PMCID: PMC10005296 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A prospective, randomized, single-center preliminary study was performed in patients with keratoconus stages I-III (Amsler-Krumeich), who received a high rich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (1000 mg/day) supplement for 3 months versus untreated patients. One eye per patient was evaluated. Thirty-four patients were recruited (75% men, mean age 31 years), with 15 randomized to the control group and 19 to the DHA-treated group. Corneal topography variables and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory status were evaluated. A panel of fatty acids in blood samples was also assessed. There were significant between-group differences in the astigmatism axis, asphericity coefficient, and intraocular pressure in favor of the DHA group. Additionally, between-group significant differences in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), free glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as reduced values of inflammatory markers, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were found. These preliminary findings support the usefulness of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DHA supplementation for targeting underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of keratoconus. Prolonged duration of DHA supplementation may be needed to detect more noticeable clinical changes in corneal topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Peris-Martínez
- Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C/Pío Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Universitat de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain
- Aviñó Peris Eye Clinic, Avenida del Oeste 34, E-46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José Vicente Piá-Ludeña
- Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C/Pío Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Rog-Revert
- Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C/Pío Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Fernández-López
- Unit of Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases, FISABIO Medical Ophthalmology (FOM), C/Pío Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Carré C, Baudin F, Buteau B, Martine L, Grégoire S, Vasku G, Berdeaux O, Béduneau A, Pellequer Y, Jamoussi J, Desrumeaux C, Aho S, Bron AM, Acar N, Creuzot-Garcher C, Gabrielle PH. Effects of topical docosahexaenoic acid on postoperative fibrosis in an animal model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:e61-e68. [PMID: 35920328 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a potential antifibrotic agent after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in rats. METHODS A total of 36 10-week-old Brown Norway rats underwent GFS. Animals were equally divided into three groups: a control group, a DHA group and a mitomycin C (MMC) group. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a dynamic rebound tonometer, and a photograph of the surgical site was taken on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 17. The incorporation of DHA into fibroblasts was evaluated by gas chromatography. The expression of alfa-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Smad proteins was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS IOP decreased after surgery in animals from the three groups on day 1 after surgery. Over time, IOP remained lower in the DHA and MMC groups than in the control group (median [interquartile range] 8.0 [7.0-8.0] and 8.0 [7.3-8.0] mmHg vs. 9.0 [8.0-9.0] mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001). Bleb area in the DHA and MMC groups remained larger than that of the control group from day 7 to day 14 (3.9 [2.9-5.2] and 3.5 [2.3-4.4] mm2 vs. 2.3 [2.0-2.8] mm2 , respectively; p = 0.0021). We did not observe any change in DHA concentrations in the fibroblasts of the DHA group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION The impact of DHA on IOP and bleb area was similar to that of MMC. The mechanisms of action of DHA in rat eye fibroblasts deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Carré
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Florian Baudin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Équipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Bénédicte Buteau
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Lucy Martine
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Glenda Vasku
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Jasmine Jamoussi
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Catherine Desrumeaux
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory (MMDN), INSERM, U1198, Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz) Team, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,EPHE, Paris, France.,MMDN, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Aho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Alain-Marie Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Henri Gabrielle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon, France.,Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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9
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Olivares-González L, Velasco S, Gallego I, Esteban-Medina M, Puras G, Loucera C, Martínez-Romero A, Peña-Chilet M, Pedraz JL, Rodrigo R. An SPM-Enriched Marine Oil Supplement Shifted Microglia Polarization toward M2, Ameliorating Retinal Degeneration in rd10 Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010098. [PMID: 36670960 PMCID: PMC9855087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy causing progressive vision loss. It is accompanied by chronic and sustained inflammation, including M1 microglia activation. This study evaluated the effect of an essential fatty acid (EFA) supplement containing specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), on retinal degeneration and microglia activation in rd10 mice, a model of RP, as well as on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The EFA supplement was orally administered to mice from postnatal day (P)9 to P18. At P18, the electrical activity of the retina was examined by electroretinography (ERG) and innate behavior in response to light were measured. Retinal degeneration was studied via histology including the TUNEL assay and microglia immunolabeling. Microglia polarization (M1/M2) was assessed by flow cytometry, qPCR, ELISA and histology. Redox status was analyzed by measuring antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative damage. Interestingly, the EFA supplement ameliorated retinal dysfunction and degeneration by improving ERG recording and sensitivity to light, and reducing photoreceptor cell loss. The EFA supplement reduced inflammation and microglia activation attenuating M1 markers as well as inducing a shift to the M2 phenotype in rd10 mouse retinas and LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. It also reduced oxidative stress markers of lipid peroxidation and carbonylation. These findings could open up new therapeutic opportunities based on resolving inflammation with oral supplementation with SPMs such as the EFA supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Olivares-González
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sheyla Velasco
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Idoia Gallego
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - María Peña-Chilet
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia (UV), 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-328-96-80
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10
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Castillo Salinas F, Montaner Ramón A, Castillo Ferrer FJ, Domingo-Carnice A, Cordobilla B, Domingo JC. Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Lipid Profile in Preterm Infants at Birth and Over the First Month of Life: A Comparative Study with Infants at Term. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234956. [PMID: 36500985 PMCID: PMC9740272 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An observational comparative study was designed to assess the fatty acids profile in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of 30 preterm neonates (<32 weeks gestation) at birth and after 1 month of life versus a convenience sample of 10 infants born at term. The panel of fatty acids included the families and components of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as enzyme activity indexes and fatty acids ratios. At birth, the comparison of fatty acid families between preterm and term neonates showed a significantly higher content of SFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and a significantly lower content of MUFAs and n-3 PUFAs in the preterm group. After 30 days of life, significantly higher levels of n-6 PUFAs and significantly lower levels of n-3 PUFAs among preterm neonates persisted. At 30 days of birth, n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid (ARA) ARA/DHA remained significantly elevated, and DHA sufficiency index significantly decreased in the preterm group. The pattern of n-3 PUFA deficiency at birth and sustained for the first month of life would support the need of milk banking fortified with DHA and the use of DHA supplementation in breastfeeding mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Castillo Salinas
- Service of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Montaner Ramón
- Service of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Félix-Joel Castillo Ferrer
- Service of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Domingo-Carnice
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934021214
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11
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Harju N. Regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100 Suppl 273:3-59. [DOI: 10.1111/aos.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niina Harju
- School of Pharmacy University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
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12
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Anton A, Garcia V, Muñoz M, Gonzales K, Ayala E, del Mar Sanchez E, Morilla-Grasa A. The Effect of Oral Citicoline and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Visual Field of Patients with Glaucoma: A Randomized Trial. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101481. [PMID: 36294916 PMCID: PMC9604833 DOI: 10.3390/life12101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nutraceuticals in the treatment of glaucoma remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of citicoline, vitamin C, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in patients with glaucoma. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized study. Patients with glaucoma were randomized to one of four groups and treated for 3 months with vitamin C, DHA, citicoline, or a combination of DHA and citicoline. We conducted a complete ophthalmic examination and visual fields each month and calculated the slopes of field indices. Changes in visual field indices (VFIs) and their slopes were assessed in each group and compared. Results: Seventy-three persons were included in the study. Mean defect (MD) significantly improved (p = 0.001) from −9.52 ± 4.36 to −7.85 ± 4.36 dB during the study period in persons taking DHA + citicoline. Similarly, the mean VFI significantly improved (p = 0.001) in this group. The only treatment group showing a statistically significant improvement (p = 0.006) in the MD (from −0.1041 ± 0.2471 to 0.1383 ± 0.2544 dB/month) and VFI slope was the group treated with DHA+citicoline. Conclusions: The combination of oral treatment with DHA + citicoline significantly improved VF indices and their slopes in patients with glaucoma after 3 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Anton
- Institut Catala de Retina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932531647 or +34-934340553
| | | | - Marcos Muñoz
- Institut Catala de Retina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Mora I, Arola L, Caimari A, Escoté X, Puiggròs F. Structured Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improvement of Cognitive Function during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073472. [PMID: 35408832 PMCID: PMC8998232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human lifespan has increased in the past century owing to advances in medicine and lifestyle, the human healthspan has not kept up the same pace, especially in brain aging. Consequently, the role of preventive health interventions has become a crucial strategy, in particular, the identification of nutritional compounds that could alleviate the deleterious effects of aging. Among nutrients to cope with aging in special cognitive decline, the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have emerged as very promising ones. Due to their neuroinflammatory resolving effects, an increased status of DHA and EPA in the elderly has been linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of dementia. However, the results from clinical studies do not show consistent evidence and intake recommendations for old adults are lacking. Recently, supplementation with structured forms of EPA and DHA, which can be derived natural forms or targeted structures, have proven enhanced bioavailability and powerful benefits. This review summarizes present and future perspectives of new structures of ω-3 LCPUFAs and the role of "omic" technologies combined with the use of high-throughput in vivo models to shed light on the relationships and underlying mechanisms between ω-3 LCPUFAs and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.C.); (F.P.)
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14
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Olivares-González L, Salom D, González-García E, Hervás D, Mejía-Chiqui N, Melero M, Velasco S, Muresan BT, Campillo I, Vila-Clérigues N, López-Briz E, Merino-Torres JF, Millán JM, Soriano Del Castillo JM, Rodrigo R. NUTRARET: Effect of 2-Year Nutraceutical Supplementation on Redox Status and Visual Function of Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847910. [PMID: 35387197 PMCID: PMC8979249 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2-year nutritional intervention with antioxidant nutraceuticals on the visual function of RP patients. Secondly, we assessed how nutritional intervention affected ocular and systemic redox status. We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-one patients with RP participated in the study. RP patients randomly received either a mixture of nutraceuticals (NUT) containing folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin A, zinc, copper, selenium, lutein, and zeaxanthin or placebo daily for 2 years. At baseline and after 2-year of the nutritional supplementation, visual function, dietetic-nutritional evaluations, serum concentration of nutraceuticals, plasma and aqueous humor concentration of several markers of redox status and inflammation were assessed. Retinal function and structure were assessed by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and automated visual field (VF) tests. Nutritional status was estimated with validated questionnaires. Total antioxidant capacity, extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, protein carbonyl adducts (CAR) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation (as indicator of lipid peroxidation), metabolites of the nitric oxide (NOX) and cytokine (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) concentrations were assessed by biochemical and immunological techniques in aqueous humor or/and blood. Bayesian approach was performed to determine the probability of an effect. Region of practical equivalence (ROPE) was used. At baseline, Bayesian analysis revealed a high probability of an altered ocular redox status and to a lesser extent systemic redox status in RP patients compared to controls. Twenty-five patients (10 in the treated arm and 15 in the placebo arm) completed the nutritional intervention. After 2 years of supplementation, patients who received NUT presented better retinal responses (mfERG responses) compared to patients who received placebo. Besides, patients who received NUT showed better ocular antioxidant response (SOD3 activity) and lower oxidative damage (CAR) than those who received placebo. This study suggested that long-term NUT supplementation could slow down visual impairment and ameliorate ocular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Olivares-González
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Salom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manises Hospital, Manises, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Hervás
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Natalia Mejía-Chiqui
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Melero
- Service of Pharmacy, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sheyla Velasco
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bianca Tabita Muresan
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo López-Briz
- Service of Pharmacy, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Merino-Torres
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Millán
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomic Biomedicine, IIS-La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Soriano Del Castillo
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Food & Health Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Rare Diseases CIPF-Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS-La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia (UV), Valencia, Spain
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15
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Piñas García P, Hernández Martínez FJ, Aznárez López N, Castillón Torre L, Tena Sempere ME. Supplementation with a Highly Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A 2-Year Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010116. [PMID: 35052620 PMCID: PMC8772895 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of a 2-year supplementation with a highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) product with antioxidant activity on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. A total of 170 patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to the DHA group (n = 83) or the placebo group (n = 87). NPDR was diagnosed using non-contact slit lamp biomicroscopy examination, and classified into mild, moderate, and severe stages. Patients in the DHA group received a high rich DHA triglyceride (1050 mg/day) nutritional supplement, and those in the placebo group received olive oil capsules. The percentages of mild NPDR increased from 61.7% at baseline to 75.7% at the end of the study in the DHA group, and from 61.9% to 73.1% in the placebo group. Moderate NPDR stages decreased from 35.1% at baseline to 18.7% at the end of the study in the DHA group, and from 36.8% to 26.0% in the placebo group. In the DHA group, there were five eyes with severe NPDR at baseline, which increased to one more at the end of the study. In the placebo group, of two eyes with severe NPDR at baseline, one eye remained at the end of the study. Changes in visual acuity were not found. There were improvements in the serum levels of HbA1c in both groups, but significant differences between the DHA and the placebo groups were not found. In this study, the use of a DHA triglyceride nutraceutical supplement for 2 years did not appear to influence the slowing of the progression of NPDR.
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16
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Emerging Plant and Microbial Sources, Oxidative Stability, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101627. [PMID: 34679761 PMCID: PMC8533147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega−3 (n−3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid are well known to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, consumer interest and demand are rapidly increasing for natural dietary sources of n−3 PUFAs. Among the plant sources, seed oils from chia (Salvia hispanica), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) are now widely considered to increase α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the diet. Moreover, seed oil of Echium plantagineum, Buglossoides arvensis, and Ribes sp. are widely explored as a source of stearidonic acid (SDA), a more effective source than is ALA for increasing the EPA and DHA status in the body. Further, the oil from microalgae and thraustochytrids can also directly supply EPA and DHA. Thus, these microbial sources are currently used for the commercial production of vegan EPA and DHA. Considering the nutritional and commercial importance of n−3 PUFAs, this review critically discusses the nutritional aspects of commercially exploited sources of n−3 PUFAs from plants, microalgae, macroalgae, and thraustochytrids. Moreover, we discuss issues related to oxidative stability and bioavailability of n−3 PUFAs and future prospects in these areas.
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