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Winstead DJ, Jacobson MG. Storable, neglected, and underutilized species of Southern Africa for greater agricultural resilience. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e70004. [PMID: 39183979 PMCID: PMC11343724 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.70004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The Southern African region suffers from drought and food system uncertainty with increased risks due to climate change, natural disasters, and global catastrophes. Increasing crop diversity with more appropriate and resilient crops is an effective way of increasing food system resilience. We focus on crop species that are native or naturalized to an area because of their increased resilience than those that are not naturally occurring. Additionally, crops that are easily stored are more useful in times of drought and disaster. In this systematic review, we use scientific interest in neglected and underutilized species (NUS) from Southern Africa to help define next steps toward their cultivation and development as a marketable crop. We found that although scientific interest is minimal for storable Southern African NUS, these crops are worth scaling up due to their economic and nutritional value. We outline next actionable steps and specific NUS for production in a more agrobiodiverse and resilient agriculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Winstead
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael G. Jacobson
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Ahmad R, Lee CH, Kim S, Lee SH. RSM- and ANN-Based Multifrequency Ultrasonic Extraction of Polyphenol-Rich Sargassum horneri Extracts Exerting Antioxidative Activity via the Regulation of MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Machinery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:690. [PMID: 38929129 PMCID: PMC11200430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (SH) is widely consumed as a healthy seaweed food in the Asia-Pacific region. However, the bioactive components contributing to its biological activity remain unknown. Herein, we optimized multifrequency ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions to achieve higher antioxidant activity using a response surface methodology and an artificial neural network. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS; negative mode) was used to tentatively identify the secondary metabolites in the optimized SH extract, which were further tested against oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the identified compounds were analyzed in silico to determine their binding energies with the Keap1 protein (4L7B). We identified 89 compounds using HRMS, among which 19 metabolites (8 polyphenolics, 2 flavonoids, 2 lignans, 2 terpenes, 2 tannins, 2 sulfolipids, and 1 phospholipid) were putatively reported for the first time in SH. The in vitro results revealed that optimized SH extract inhibited oxidative stress via the Nrf2/MAPKs/HO-1 pathway in a dose-dependent manner. This result was validated by performing in silico simulation, indicating that sargaquinoic acid and glycitein-7-O-glucuronide had the highest binding energies (-9.20 and -9.52 Kcal/mol, respectively) toward Keap1 (4L7B). This study offers a unique approach for the scientific community to identify potential bioactive compounds by optimizing the multivariant extraction processing conditions, which could be used to develop functional and nutraceutical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Raees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Naznin M, Alam R, Alam MB, Jung MJ, Lee SH, Kim S. Biological activities, identification, method development, and validation for analysis of polyphenolic compounds in Nymphaea rubra flowers and leaves by UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS and UHPLC-TQ-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:799-816. [PMID: 38297293 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nymphaea rubra belongs to the Nymphaea family and is regarded as a vegetable used in traditional medicine to cure several ailments. These species are rich in phenolic acid, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannin. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the biological activities of Nymphaea rubra flowers (NRF) and leaves (NRL) by identifying and quantifying their polyphenolic compounds using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole cyclic ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS). METHODOLOGY NRF and NRL powder was extracted with methanol and fractionated using hexane, ethylacetate, and water. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated. The polyphenolic components of NRF and NRL were identified and quantified using UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS and UHPLC-TQ-MS. The method was validated using linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). RESULTS Bioactive substances and antioxidants were highest in the ethylacetate fraction of flowers and leaves. Principal component analysis showed how solvent and plant components affect N. rubra's bioactivity and bioactive compound extraction. A total of 67 compounds were identified, and among them 21 significant polyphenols were quantified. Each calibration curve had R2 > 0.998. The LOD and LLOQ varied from 0.007 to 0.09 μg/mL and from 0.01 to 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. NRF contained a significant amount of gallic acid (10.1 mg/g), while NRL contained abundant pentagalloylglucose (2.8 mg/g). CONCLUSION The developed method is simple, rapid, and selective for the identification and quantification of bioactive molecules. These findings provide a scientific basis for N. rubra's well-documented biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rafiqul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Converging Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, South Korea
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Sahu B, Sahu M, Sahu M, Yadav M, Sahu R, Sahu C. An Updated Review on Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value and Pharmacological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301493. [PMID: 38327030 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn is a recognised herbal plant in ancient medical sciences. Each portion of the plant leaf, flower, seed and rhizome is utilised for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The chemical compositions like phenol, alkaloids, glycoside, terpenoids and steroids have been isolated. The plant contains various nutritional values like lipids, proteins, amino acids, minerals, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. Traditional medicine confirms that the phytochemicals of plants give significant benefits to the treatment of various diseases such as leukoderma, smallpox, dysentery, haematemesis, coughing, haemorrhage, metrorrhagia, haematuria, fever, hyperlipidaemia, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. To verify the traditional claims, researchers have conducted scientific biological in vivo and in vitro screenings, which have exhibited that the plant keeps various notable pharmacological activities such as anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. This review, summaries the nutritional composition, chemical constituents and biological activities substantiated by the researchers done in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sahu
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Mahendra Sahu
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Mukesh Sahu
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Megha Yadav
- Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Rakesh Sahu
- Sanjivani Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 497101, India
| | - Chandana Sahu
- Columbia College of Nursing, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
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Zhu P, Zhou L, Lin Y, Wang Y, Han Y, Cai S. A magnetic beads-based ligand fishing method Coupled with UHPLC-QTOF MS for screening and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Talanta 2024; 270:125583. [PMID: 38141464 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method for the screening and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural products was developed. The α-glucosidase was immobilized on carboxyl terminated magnetic beads to form a ligand fishing system to screen the potential inhibitors. A total of 9 compounds were fishing out from the crude Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract. Meanwhile, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) was used for the identification of the chemical structures, including 3 chlorogenic acid isomers, 2 flavone C-glycosides and 4 flavone O-glycosides. The combination of enzyme immobilization magnetic beads and UHPLC-QTOF MS could be used for the screening of bioactive multi-components from herbs with appropriate targets. Taking the advantage of the specificity of enzyme binding and the convenience of magnetic separation, the method has great potential for rapid screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from complicated natural product extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Luxi Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxiu Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Sheng Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
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Alshammari F, Alam MB, Naznin M, Kim S, Lee SH. Optimization, Metabolomic Analysis, Antioxidant Potential andDepigmenting Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds fromUnmature Ajwa Date Seeds ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:238. [PMID: 38397836 PMCID: PMC10886343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sought to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from unmature Ajwa date seeds (UMS), conduct untargeted metabolite identification and assess antioxidant and depigmenting activities. Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was applied to optimize extraction conditions, including the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time. The determined optimal conditions comprised the ethanol concentration (62.00%), extraction time (29.00 min), and extraction temperature (50 °C). Under these conditions, UMS exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values of 77.52 ± 1.55 mgGAE/g and 58.85 ± 1.12 mgCE/g, respectively, with low relative standard deviation (RSD%) and relative standard error (RSE%). High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis unveiled the presence of 104 secondary metabolites in UMS, encompassing phenols, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, lignans and fatty acids. Furthermore, UMS demonstrated robust antioxidant activities in various cell-free antioxidant assays, implicating engagement in both hydrogen atom transfer and single electron transfer mechanisms. Additionally, UMS effectively mitigated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Crucially, UMS showcased the ability to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and suppress key proteins including tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (Trp-1 and -2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which associated melanin production in MNT-1 cell. In summary, this study not only optimized the extraction process for polyphenolic compounds from UMS but also elucidated its diverse secondary metabolite profile. The observed antioxidant and depigmenting activities underscore the promising applications of UMS in skincare formulations and pharmaceutical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanar Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (F.A.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (F.A.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (S.K.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (F.A.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Takaya K, Asou T, Kishi K. Cistanche deserticola Polysaccharide Reduces Inflammation and Aging Phenotypes in the Dermal Fibroblasts through the Activation of the NRF2/HO-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15704. [PMID: 37958685 PMCID: PMC10647235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts maintain the skin homeostasis by interacting with the epidermis and extracellular matrix. Their senescence contributes to functional defects in the skin related to aging. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents that could inhibit fibroblast senescence. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP), a natural anti-inflammatory component, on the progression of senescence in human dermal fibroblasts. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were cultured in passages, and highly senescent cells were selected as senescent cells. CDP treatment increased the cell proliferation in senescent NHDFs and decreased the proportion of senescence-associated-β-galactosidase-positive cells. The treatment suppressed the senescence-related secretory phenotype, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced, alleviating H2O2-induced oxidative stress. CDP mitigated ROS formation via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 pathway in senescent cells and was involved in the suppression of upstream p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These results indicate that CDP is an antioxidant that can alleviate age-related inflammation and may be a useful compound for skin anti-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Shafique I, Kim S, Lee SH. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37183174 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein. METHODOLOGY RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software. RESULTS Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol-A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin-whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Imran Shafique
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Centre, Green Nano Materials Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Naznin M, Badrul Alam M, Alam R, Islam S, Rakhmat S, Lee SH, Kim S. Metabolite profiling of Nymphaea rubra (Burm. f.) flower extracts using cyclic ion mobility–mass spectrometry and their associated biological activities. Food Chem 2023; 404:134544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alshammari F, Alam MB, Naznin M, Javed A, Kim S, Lee SH. Profiling of Secondary Metabolites of Optimized Ripe Ajwa Date Pulp ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:319. [PMID: 37259461 PMCID: PMC9961821 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a popular edible fruit consumed all over the world and thought to cure several chronic diseases and afflictions. The profiling of the secondary metabolites of optimized ripe Ajwa date pulp (RADP) extracts is scarce. The aim of this study was to optimize the heat extraction (HE) of ripe Ajwa date pulp using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to increase its polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. A central composite design was used to optimize HE to achieve the maximum polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of target responses as a function of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature. From RSM estimates, 75.00% ethanol and 3.7 h (extraction time), and 67 °C (extraction temperature) were the optimum conditions for generating total phenolic content (4.49 ± 1.02 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid content (3.31 ± 0.65 mgCAE/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (11.10 ± 0.78 % of inhibition), and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (1.43 µM ascorbic acid equivalent). The good performance of the ANN was validated using statistical metrics. Seventy-one secondary metabolites, including thirteen new bioactive chemicals (hebitol II, 1,2-di-(syringoyl)-hexoside, naringin dihydrochalcone, erythron-guaiacylglycerol-β-syringaresinol ether hexoside, erythron-1-(4'-O-hexoside-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-syrngaresinoxyl-propane-1,3-diol, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, linustatin and 1-deoxynojirimycin galactoside), were detected using high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The results revealed a significant concentration of phytoconstituents, making it an excellent contender for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanar Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Converging Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Antioxidant, Tyrosinase, α-Glucosidase, and Elastase Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Optimized Unripe Ajwa Date Pulp ( Phoenix dactylifera) Extracts by Response Surface Methodology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043396. [PMID: 36834805 PMCID: PMC9966286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L., Arecaceae family) is a popular edible fruit consumed all over the world. The profiling of the polyphenolic compounds of optimized unripe Ajwa date pulp (URADP) extracts is scarce. The aim of this study was to extract polyphenols from URADP as effectively as possible by using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the extraction conditions with respect to ethanol concentration, extraction time, and temperature and to achieve the maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to identify the URADP's polyphenolic compounds. The DPPH-, ABTS-radical scavenging, α-glucosidase, elastase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of optimized extracts of URADP was also evaluated. According to RSM, the highest amounts of TPC (24.25 ± 1.02 mgGAE/g) and TFC (23.98 ± 0.65 mgCAE/g) were obtained at 52% ethanol, 81 min time, and 63 °C. Seventy (70) secondary metabolites, including phenolic, flavonoids, fatty acids, and sugar, were discovered using high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, twelve (12) new phytoconstituents were identified for the first time in this plant. Optimized URADP extract showed inhibition of DPPH-radical (IC50 = 87.56 mg/mL), ABTS-radical (IC50 = 172.36 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 221.59 mg/mL), elastase (IC50 = 372.25 mg/mL) and tyrosinase (IC50 = 59.53 mg/mL) enzymes. The results revealed a significant amount of phytoconstituents, making it an excellent contender for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Alshammari F, Badrul Alam M, Naznin M, Kim S, Lee SH. Optimization of Portulaca oleracea L. extract using response surface methodology and artificial neuronal network and characterization of bioactive compound by high-resolution mass spectroscopy. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Simu SY, Alam MB, Kim SY. The Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 by 8-Epi-7-deoxyloganic Acid Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms through the Suppression of the MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Cascade in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091765. [PMID: 36139839 PMCID: PMC9495988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the ameliorative effects of 8-epi-7-deoxyloganic acid (DLA), an iridoid glycoside, on oxidative stress and inflammation in both LPS-stimulated macrophages and mice with carrageenan-induced inflammation. DLA decreased oxidative stress through the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide generation (NO). In addition, DLA inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, resulting in a decreased production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and -6 (IL-6), as well as of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In addition, DLA effectively inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by inhibiting the expression of the upstream genes inducible nitric oxidase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). DLA demonstrated powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and thus appears as an intriguing prospective therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakina Yesmin Simu
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-102292-9232
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Incheon 21936, Korea
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CORM-3 Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Bone Loss via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5098358. [PMID: 36035220 PMCID: PMC9402314 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5098358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bone metabolism occurs in the entire life of an individual and is required for maintaining skeletal homeostasis. The imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis eventually leads to osteoporosis. Oxidative stress is considered a major cause of bone homeostasis disorder, and relieving excessive oxidative stress in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is a potential treatment strategy for osteoporosis. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3), the classical donor of carbon monoxide (CO), possesses antioxidation, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory properties. In our study, we found that CORM-3 could reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction thereby restoring the osteogenic potential of the BMSCs disrupted by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure. The action of CORM-3 was preliminarily considered the consequence of Nrf2/HO-1 axis activation. In addition, CORM-3 inhibited osteoclast formation in mouse primary bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) by inhibiting H2O2-induced polarization of M1 macrophages and endowing macrophages with M2 polarizating ability. Rat models further demonstrated that CORM-3 treatment could restore bone mass and enhance the expression of Nrf2 and osteogenic markers in the distal femurs. In summary, CORM-3 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Choi HJ, Naznin M, Alam MB, Javed A, Alshammari FH, Kim S, Lee SH. Optimization of the extraction conditions of Nypa fruticans Wurmb. using response surface methodology and artificial neural network. Food Chem 2022; 381:132086. [PMID: 35121322 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to predict and estimate the optimized extraction condition of Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (NF). The effect of ethanol concentration (X1; 0-100%), extraction time (X2; 6-24 h), and extraction temperature (X3; 40-60 °C) on the antioxidant potential was confirmed. The optimal conditions (57.6% ethanol, 19.0 h extraction time, and 51.3 °C extraction temperature) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC) resulted in a maximum value of 62.5%, 41.95 and 48.39 µM, 143.6 mg GAE/g, and 166.8 CAE/g, respectively. High-resolution mass spectroscopic technique was performed to profile phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Upon analyzing, total 48 compounds were identified in NF. Altogether, our findings can provide a practical approach for utilizing NF in various bioindustries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Fanar Hamad Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Role of Glycation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Prevention through Nymphaea Species. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7240046. [PMID: 34746307 PMCID: PMC8566071 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7240046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of glucose metabolism that includes the modification of biomolecules with the help of glycation reaction results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The formation of AGEs may activate receptors for advanced glycation end products which induce intracellular signaling, ultimately enhancing oxidative stress, a well-known contributor to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, AGEs are possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. This review article highlights the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of the Nymphaea species, and the screening of such aquatic plants for antiglycation activity may provide a safer alternative to the adverse effects related to glucotoxicity. Since oxidation and glycation are relatively similar to each other, therefore, there is a possibility that the Nymphaea species may also have antiglycating properties because of its powerful antioxidant properties. Herbal products and their derivatives are the preeminent resources showing prominent medicinal properties for most of the chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among these, the Nymphaea species has also shown elevated activity in scavenging free radicals. This species has a load of phytochemical constituents which shows various therapeutic and nutritional value including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant profiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article highlighting the possibility of an antiglycation value of the Nymphaea species by inhibiting AGEs in mediation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hope that in the next few years, the clinical and therapeutic potential may be explored and highlight a better perspective on the Nymphaea species in the inhibition of AGEs and its associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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