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Kowalczyk A. Hesperidin, a Potential Antiviral Agent against SARS-CoV-2: The Influence of Citrus Consumption on COVID-19 Incidence and Severity in China. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:892. [PMID: 38929512 PMCID: PMC11206107 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This review examines hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, as a potential antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has demanded an urgent need to search for effective antiviral compounds, including those of natural origin, such as hesperidin. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical properties, bioavailability and antiviral mechanisms of hesperidin, particularly its potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A review of databases, including PubMedPico, Scopus and Web of Science, was conducted using specific keywords and search criteria in accordance with PRISMA (Re-porting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines between 2020 and 2024. Of the 207 articles, 37 were selected for the review. A key aspect is the correlation of in vitro, in silico and clinical studies on the antiviral effects of hesperidin with epidemiological data on citrus consumption in China during 2020-2024. The importance of integrating laboratory findings with actual consumption patterns to better understand the role of hesperidin in mitigating COVID-19 was highlighted, and an attempt was made to analyze epidemiological studies to examine the association between citrus juice consumption as a source of hesperidin and the incidence and severity of COVID-19 using China as an example. The review identifies consistencies and discrepancies between experimental and epidemiological data, highlighting the need to correlate the two fields to better understand the potential of hesperidin as an agent against SARS-CoV-2. Challenges and limitations in interpreting the results and future research perspectives in this area are discussed. The aim of this comprehensive review is to bridge the gap between experimental studies and epidemiological evidence and to contribute to the understanding of their correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Shiau AL, Lee KH, Cho HY, Chuang TH, Yu MC, Wu CL, Wu SN. Molnupiravir, a ribonucleoside antiviral prodrug against SARS-CoV-2, alters the voltage-gated sodium current and causes adverse events. Virology 2023; 587:109865. [PMID: 37572519 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Molnupiravir (MOL) is a ribonucleoside prodrug for oral treatment of COVID-19. Common adverse effects of MOL are headache, diarrhea, and nausea, which may be associated with altered sodium channel function. Here, we investigated the effect of MOL on voltage-gated Na+ current (INa) in pituitary GH3 cells. We show that MOL had distinct effects on transient and late INa, in combination with decreased time constant in the slow component of INa inactivation. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MOL for suppressing transient and late INa were 26.1 and 6.3 μM, respectively. The overall steady-state current-voltage relationship of INa remained unchanged upon MOL exposure. MOL-induced alteration of INa may lead to changes in physiological function through sodium channels. Apart from its effect on inhibiting RNA virus replication, MOL exerts inhibitory effects on plasmalemma INa, which might constitute an additional yet crucial underlying mechanism of its pharmacological activity or adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Li Shiau
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, 60002, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsien Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yen Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, 60002, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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Yasri S, Wiwanitki V. Molnupiravir, favipiravir and other antiviral drugs with proposed potentials for management of COVID-19: a concern on antioxidant aspect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 13:1-4. [PMID: 35295914 PMCID: PMC8918555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an important global public health problem that causes millions of infections worldwide. The specific antiviral drug for this new infection is still under research. Some new antiviral drugs, including molnupiravir and favipiravir, are proposed for usefulness in management of COVID-19. Additionally, some classic antiviral drugs used for other viral infections are also reproposed for the potentials for management of COVID-19. In the management of COVID-19, there are several pharmacological actions. An important consideration in antiviral therapy is the management of oxidative stress, which plays important roles in viral infections including to COVID-19. The analysis of antioxidative properties of alternative drugs for management of COVID-19 is interesting and can give basic data for further new antiviral drug researching. Here, the authors perform a molecular analysis on molnupiravir, favipiravir and other antiviral drugs with proposed potentials for management of COVID-19 to determine their antioxidative properties. Data from electron acceptor and donor calculation for each drug is used for further estimating overall antioxidative characteristic. Based on the present study, all studied drugs have overall antioxidative properties. Hence, the advantage of molnupiravir, favipiravir and other antiviral drugs with proposed potentials for the management of COVID-19 is their direct action on viral molecule via binding-blocking process as well as antixodiative process. For management of COVID-19 antioxidative stress, other non-antiviral drugs that are proposed for clinical advantage might also be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viroj Wiwanitki
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil UniversityPune, Maharashtra 411018, India
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Vardakas P, Skaperda Z, Tekos F, Kouretas D. ROS and COVID. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020339. [PMID: 35204221 PMCID: PMC8868524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Goode-Romero G, Dominguez L, Martínez A. Electron Donor-Acceptor Properties of Different Muscarinic Ligands: On the Road to Control Schizophrenia. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5117-5124. [PMID: 34555904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that deteriorates perception, affection, and cognitive mental functions. The current treatments are mainly focused on the dopamine system, but the so-named dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia fails to explain all the symptoms. Previous studies have shown that there is a reciprocal relationship between muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and dopamine receptor function. Some muscarinic ligands show antidopaminergic activity, and therefore, they should have some antipsychotic efficacy. In this work, conceptual density functional theory is employed to analyze the properties of acetylcholine's agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists. The aim is to establish a classification of the antipsychotic-like or pro-psychotic activities of these molecules based on the electron-donor and electron-acceptor properties. Most of the agonists and antagonists are better electron donors and worse electron acceptors than partial agonists. We found that acetylcholine antagonists that clinically promote psychotic symptoms are good electron-donor molecules, and acetylcholine agonists that clinically relieve symptoms of psychosis are good electron donors. These results represent a further advance on the road to understanding the charge-transfer properties of drugs used as possible treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Goode-Romero
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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