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Su X, Liu X, Li C, Zhang Y. 24-epibrassinolide as a multidimensional regulator of rice (Oryza sativa) physiological and molecular responses under isoproturon stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116575. [PMID: 38917591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) can regulate various processes in plant development and defense against environmental stress. In this study, the contribution of BRs in the degradation of isoproturon (IPU) in rice has been established. IPU has a significant effect on rice growth, chlorophyll content, and membrane permeability. When treated with 1.0 μmol/L 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a BR analogue, the associated symptoms of rice poisoning were alleviated as the IPU levels in the rice and growth media were decreased. In the presence of EBR, the activities of several IPU-related detoxification enzymes were enhanced to cope with the stress due to IPU. An RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) has been performed to determine the variation of transcriptomes and metabolic mechanisms in rice treated with EBR, IPU, or IPU+EBR. Some of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were Phase I-III reaction components of plants, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP450), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glycosyltransferases (GTs), and the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter). The expression of some signal transduction genes was significantly up-regulated. The relative content of low-toxicity IPU metabolites increased due to the presence of EBR as determined by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. The IPU metabolic pathways include enzyme-catalyzed demethylation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, glycosylation, and amino acid conjugation processes. The results suggest that EBR plays a key role in the degradation and detoxification of IPU. This study has provided evidence that BRs regulate the metabolism and detoxification of IPU in rice, and offers a new approach to ensuring cleaner crops by eliminating pesticide residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Su
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protecftion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chuanying Li
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protecftion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protecftion of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Kumar D, Mariyam S, Gupta KJ, Thiruvengadam M, Sampatrao Ghodake G, Xing B, Seth CS. Comparative investigation on chemical and green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles against chromium (VI) stress eliciting differential physiological, biochemical, and cellular attributes in Helianthus annuus L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172413. [PMID: 38631632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a new scientific area that promotes unique concepts to comprehend the optimal mechanics of nanoparticles (NPs) in plants under heavy metal stress. The present investigation focuses on effects of synthetic and green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs and gTiO2 NPs) against Cr(VI). Green TiO2 NPs have been produced from plant leaf extract (Ricinus communis L.). Synthesis was confirmed employing an array of optical spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques. Chromium strongly accelerated H2O2 and MDA productions by 227 % and 266 % at highest chromium concentration (60 mg/kg of soil), respectively, and also caused DNA damage, and decline in photosynthesis. Additionally, anomalies were observed in stomatal cells with gradual increment in chromium concentrations. Conversely, foliar applications of TiO2 NPs and gTiO2 NPs considerably mitigated chromium stress. Sunflower plants treated with modest amounts of green TiO2 NPs had significantly better growth index compared to chemically synthesized ones. Principal component analysis highlighted the variations among photosynthetic attributes, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant defense systems. Notably, gTiO2 supplementation to the Cr(VI) strained plants minimized PC3 production which is a rare report so far. Conclusively, gTiO2 NPs have been identified to be promising nano-based nutrition resource for farming applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Safoora Mariyam
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, Delhi, India
| | | | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Zhang H, Wang H, Tan A, Zhang L, Yao H, You X, Chen Z. Inoculation of chromium-tolerant bacterium LBA108 to enhance resistance in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) and combined remediation of chromium-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1064-1076. [PMID: 38721825 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cr(VI) has been a carcinogen for organisms and a hazard to human health throughout the food chain. To explore a cost-effective and efficient method for removing Cr(VI), a Cr-resistant strain named LBA108 was isolated from the soil of a molybdenum-lead mining area. It was identified as Microbacterium through biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Following 48 hours of incubation in LB culture medium containing 60 mg L-1 Cr(VI), the LBA108 strain exhibited reduction and adsorption rates for Cr(VI) at 96.64% and 15.86%, respectively. The removal mechanism was subsequently confirmed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. In an experimental setup, radish seedlings were cultivated as test crops under varying levels of Cr stress (ranging from 0 to 7 mg L-1) in a hydroponic experiment. With the inoculation of the LBA108 strain, the fresh weight of radish seedlings increased by 2.05 times and plant length increased by 34.5% under 7 mg L-1 Cr stress. In addition, the plant produced more antioxidant enzymes/enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase and catalase to prevent oxidative stress. Under Cr stress (6 mg L-1), the accumulation of Cr in rhizomes of radish seedlings increased compared to the control group by 91.44%, while the absorption of Cr by leaves decreased by 52.10%. These findings suggest that the LBA108 strain possesses bioremediation capabilities as a microbial-phytoremediation option for Cr-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Aobo Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Longfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Hanyue Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan You
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
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Noor M, Ullah A, Khan MI, Raza I, Iqbal M, Aziz A, Kim GW, Taimur N, Azizullah A, Ali I, Kim PJ. Elucidating growth and biochemical characteristics of rice seedlings under stress from chromium VI salt and nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117562-117576. [PMID: 37870671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are usually provoked by a variety of heavy metal (HM) stressors that have adverse effects on their growth and other biochemical characterizations. Among the HMs, chromium has been considered the most toxic for both plants and animals. The present study was conducted to compare the phytotoxic effects of increasing chromium (VI) salt and nanoparticles (NPs) concentrations on various growth indexes of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. swat 1) seedlings grown in a hydroponic system. The 7-day rice seedlings were exposed to Cr (VI) salt and NPs hydroponic suspensions which were adjusted to the concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L. Both the Cr (VI) salt and NPs with lower concentrations (up to 100mg/L) exerted minimum inhibitory effects on the growth performance of rice seedlings. However, a significant decrease in shoot and root length and their fresh and dry weight was recorded at higher doses of Cr (VI) salt (200 mg/L) and NPs (250 mg/L). The stress induced by Cr (VI) salt has drastically affected the roots, whereas, Cr (VI) NPs significantly affected the shoot tissues. Photosynthetic pigments decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and the reduction was more pronounced in rice seedlings exposed to Cr (VI) NPs compared to Cr (VI) salt. Cr (VI) NPs enhanced the membrane permeability in shoots and roots as compared to that of Cr (VI) salt, which resulted in higher concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased significantly in shoot/root tissue following exposure to higher doses of Cr (VI) salt (200 mg/L) and NPs stress (250 mg/L), while minor changes in CAT and APX activities were observed in root and shoot tissues after exposure to higher concentration of Cr (VI) NP. Furthermore, the increasing concentrations of Cr (VI) NPs increased the length of stomatal guard cells. Conclusively, Cr (VI) salt and NPs in higher concentrations have higher potential to damage the growth and induce oxidative stress in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noor
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Arif Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr Khan
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Si, Gyeongsang Nam-do, 52828, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Si, Gyeongsang Nam-do, 52828, South Korea
| | - Irum Raza
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Gil Won Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Si, Gyeongsang Nam-do, 52828, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Si, Gyeongsang Nam-do, 52828, South Korea
| | - Nadia Taimur
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Si, Gyeongsang Nam-do, 52828, South Korea.
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Seleiman MF, Ahmad A, Tola E, Alhammad BA, Almutairi KF, Madugundu R, Al-Gaadi KA. Exogenous Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Confers Saline Stress and Improves Photosynthetic Capacity, Antioxidant Defense, Mineral Uptake, and Yield in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3559. [PMID: 37896022 PMCID: PMC10609825 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major environmental stresses threatening crop production, the natural ecosystem, global food security, and the socioeconomic health of humans. Thus, the development of eco-friendly strategies to mitigate saline stress and/or enhance crop tolerance is an important issue worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted during the summer of 2022 to investigate the potential of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) for mitigating saline stress and improving photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense systems, mineral uptake, and yield in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under a controlled hydroponic system. Three saline stress levels-S1 (control/no added NaCl), S2 (60 mM NaCl), and S3 (120 mM NaCl)-were continuously applied with nutrient solution, whereas exogenous EBL (i.e., control, 0.1 µM and 0.2 µM) was applied as exogenous application three times (i.e., 40, 55, 70 days after sowing). The experiment was designed as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in which saline stress was the main factor and EBL treatment was the sub-factor. Results showed that saline stress significantly affected plant growth, physiological performance, biochemistry, antioxidant activity, and yield attributes. However, the exogenous application of EBL at 0.2 µM significantly mitigated the salt stress and thus improved plant performance even under 120 mM NaCl saline stress. For instance, as compared to untreated plants (control), 0.2 µM EBL application improved plant height (+18%), biomass (+19%), SPAD (+32%), Fv/Fm (+28%), rate of photosynthesis (+11%), carboxylation efficiency (+6%), superoxide dismutase (SOD +14%), catalase (CAT +18%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX +20%), K+ (+24%), 100-grain weight (+11%), and grain yield (+47%) of maize grown under salt stress. Additionally, it resulted in a 23% reduction in Na+ accumulation in leaves and a 25% reduction in for Na+/K+ ratio under saline stress as compared to control. Furthermore, the Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the significance of exogenous EBL as saline stress mitigator in maize. Overall, our results indicated the protective effects of EBL application to the alleviation of saline stress in crop plants. However, further exploration of its mechanism of action and crop-specific response is suggested prior to commercial use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - ElKamil Tola
- Precision Agriculture Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Ahmed Alhammad
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj Box 292, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rangaswamy Madugundu
- Precision Agriculture Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Al-Gaadi
- Precision Agriculture Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar N, Sharma V, Kaur G, Lata C, Dasila H, Perveen K, Khan F, Gupta VK, Khanam MN. Brassinosteroids as promoters of seedling growth and antioxidant activity under heavy metal zinc stress in mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1259103. [PMID: 37869675 PMCID: PMC10586047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalation of harmful pollutants, including heavy metals, due to industrialization and urbanization has become a global concern. To mitigate the negative impacts of heavy metal stress on germination and early plant development, growth regulators have been employed. This study aimed to evaluate the response of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to zinc stress in the presence of brassinosteroids, focusing on seedling growth and antioxidant potential. Mung bean seedlings were treated with three concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 PPM) with or without zinc. Results demonstrated that the application of brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stress, significantly enhanced germination percentage (about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%), speed of germination (about 39.13, 50, and 100%), seedling growth (about 38% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO4) and seedling vigor index (204% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO4) compared to zinc-treated seedlings alone after 24 h. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and total soluble protein content decreased, while lipid peroxidation and proline content exhibited a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control. However, the negative effects induced by heavy metal stress on these parameters were significantly mitigated by EBL application. Notably, the most effective concentration of EBL in overcoming zinc stress was found to be 0.4 PPM. These findings underscore the potential of exogenously applied brassinosteroids as a valuable tool in phytoremediation projects by ameliorating heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Eternal University, Rajgarh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Charu Lata
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, RRS, Shimla, India
| | - Hemant Dasila
- Department of Microbiology, Eternal University, Rajgarh, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheema Khan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay K. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Mehrun Nisha Khanam
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bilal S, Saad Jan S, Shahid M, Asaf S, Khan AL, Lubna, Al-Rawahi A, Lee IJ, AL-Harrasi A. Novel Insights into Exogenous Phytohormones: Central Regulators in the Modulation of Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses in Rice under Metal(loid) Stress. Metabolites 2023; 13:1036. [PMID: 37887361 PMCID: PMC10608868 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a research model for monocotyledonous plants. Rice is also one of the major staple foods and the primary crop for more than half of the world's population. Increasing industrial activities and the use of different fertilizers and pesticides containing heavy metals (HMs) contribute to the contamination of agriculture fields. HM contamination is among the leading causes that affect the health of rice plants by limiting their growth and causing plant death. Phytohormones have a crucial role in stress-coping mechanisms and in determining a range of plant development and growth aspects during heavy metal stress. This review summarizes the role of different exogenous applications of phytohormones including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, strigolactones, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, and salicylic acids in rice plants for mitigating heavy metal stress via manipulation of their stress-related physiological and biochemical processes, and alterations of signaling and biosynthesis of genes. Exogenous administration of phytohormones and regulation of endogenous levels by targeting their biosynthesis/signaling machineries is a potential strategy for protecting rice from HM stress. The current review primarily emphasizes the key mechanistic phytohormonal-mediated strategies for reducing the adverse effects of HM toxicity in rice. Herein, we have provided comprehensive evidence for the effective role of exogenous phytohormones in employing defense responses and tolerance in rice to the phytotoxic effects of HM toxicity along with endogenous hormonal crosstalk for modulation of subcellular mechanisms and modification of stress-related signaling pathways, and uptake and translocation of metals. Altogether, this information offers a systematic understanding of how phytohormones modulate a plant's tolerance to heavy metals and may assist in directing the development of new approaches to strengthen rice plant resistance to HM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Syed Saad Jan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Agriculture Research Institute, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mingora 19130, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA
| | - Lubna
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed AL-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
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Aslam MA, Ahmed S, Saleem M, Sardar R, Shah AA, Siddiqui MH, Shabbir Z. Mitigation of chromium-induced phytotoxicity in 28-homobrassinolide treated Trigonella corniculata L. by modulation of oxidative biomarkers and antioxidant system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115354. [PMID: 37595348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the toxic heavy metals that disturbs growth and physiological properties of plants. During the current study, Trigonella corniculata L. (Fenugreek) was exposed to different levels of Cr in potted soil. Chromium toxicity reduced fiber, ash, moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fats, and flavonoid content of T. corniculata. Considering the stress relieving effect of 28-homobrassinolide (28-HBR), seeds of T. corniculata were primed with different concentration of 28-HBR i.e., 0, 5, 10, and 20 µmol L-1. Application of 28-HBR reversed the toxic effect of Cr through improvement in activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). Conclusively, 10 µmol L-1 28-HBR increased Cr tolerance in T. corniculata seedlings due to reduction in oxidative stress markers. It is further proposed that 28-HBR is an effective stress ameliorant to relive plants from various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zunera Shabbir
- Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, USA
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9
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Raja V, Qadir SU, Kumar N, Alsahli AA, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Melatonin and strigolactone mitigate chromium toxicity through modulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway and gene expression in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107872. [PMID: 37478726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered one of the most hazardous metal contaminant reducing crop production and putting human health at risk. Phytohormones are known to regulate chromium stress, however, the function of melatonin and strigolactones in Chromium stress tolerance in tomato is rarely investigated. Here we investigated the potential role of melatonin (ML) and strigolactone (SL) on mitigating Chromium toxicity in tomato. With exposure to 300 μM Cr stress a remarkable decline in growth (63.01%), biomass yield (50.25)%, Pigment content (24.32%), photosynthesis, gas exchange and Physico-biochemical attributes of tomato was observed. Cr treatment also resulted in oxidative stress closely associated with higher H2O2 generation (215.66%), Lipid peroxidation (50.29%), electrolyte leakage (440.01%) and accumulation of osmolytes like proline and glycine betine. Moreover, Cr toxicity up-regulated the transcriptional expression profiles of antioxidant, stress related and metal transporter genes and down-regulated the genes related to photosynthesis. The application of ML and SL alleviated the Cr induced phytotoxic effects on photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters and restored growth of tomato plants. ML and SL supplementation induced plant defense system via enhanced regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione pool and transcriptional regulation of several genes. The coordinated regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems expressively suppressed the oxidative stress. Hence, ML and SL application might be considered as an effective approach for minimizing Cr uptake and its detrimental effects in tomato plants grown in contaminated soils. The study may also provide new insights into the role of transcriptional regulation in the protection against heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaseem Raja
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sami Ullah Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences Govt. Degree College for Women, Udhampur, 182101, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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10
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Singh D, Sharma NL, Singh D, Siddiqui MH, Taunk J, Sarkar SK, Rathore A, Singh CK, Al-Amri AA, Alansi S, Ali HM, Rahman MA. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide alleviates chromium toxicity by modulating chromium, nutrients and reactive oxygen species accumulation, and antioxidant defence system in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107767. [PMID: 37220675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), a highly toxic redox-active metal cation in soil, seriously threatens global agriculture by affecting nutrient uptake and disturbing various physio-biochemical processes in plants, thereby reducing yields. Here, we examined the effects of different concentrations of Cr alone and in combination with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) application on the growth and physio-biochemical performance of two mungbeans (Vigna radiata L.) varieties, viz. Pusa Vishal (PV; Cr tolerant) and Pusa Ratna (PR; Cr sensitive), growing in a pot in hydroponics. Plants were grown in the pot experiment to examine their growth, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, electrolyte balance, and plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, root anatomy and cell death were analysed 15 days after sowing both varieties in hydroponic systems. The Cr-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species caused cell death and affected the root anatomy and growth of both varieties. However, the extent of alteration in anatomical features was less in PV than in PR. Exogenous application of H2S promoted plant growth, thereby improving plant antioxidant activities and reducing cell death by suppressing Cr accumulation and translocation. Seedlings of both cultivars treated with H2S exhibited enhanced photosynthesis, ion uptake, glutathione, and proline levels and reduced oxidative stress. Interestingly, H2S restricted the translocation of Cr to aerial parts of plants by improving the nutrient profile and viability of root cells, thereby relieving plants from oxidative bursts by activating the antioxidant machinery through triggering the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Overall, H2S application improved the nutrient profile and ionic homeostasis of Cr-stressed mungbean plants. These results highlight the importance of H2S application in protecting crops against Cr toxicity. Our findings can be utilised to develop management strategies to improve heavy metal tolerance among crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, 250001, India.
| | | | - Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- Regional Breeding Informatics Lead, Excellence in Breeding Platform, The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Building ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland & Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
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11
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Pagano A, Macovei A, Balestrazzi A. Molecular dynamics of seed priming at the crossroads between basic and applied research. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:657-688. [PMID: 36780009 PMCID: PMC9924218 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02988-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential of seed priming is still not fully exploited. Our limited knowledge of the molecular dynamics of seed pre-germinative metabolism is the main hindrance to more effective new-generation techniques. Climate change and other recent global crises are disrupting food security. To cope with the current demand for increased food, feed, and biofuel production, while preserving sustainability, continuous technological innovation should be provided to the agri-food sector. Seed priming, a pre-sowing technique used to increase seed vigor, has become a valuable tool due to its potential to enhance germination and stress resilience under changing environments. Successful priming protocols result from the ability to properly act on the seed pre-germinative metabolism and stimulate events that are crucial for seed quality. However, the technique still requires constant optimization, and researchers are committed to addressing some key open questions to overcome such drawbacks. In this review, an update of the current scientific and technical knowledge related to seed priming is provided. The rehydration-dehydration cycle associated with priming treatments can be described in terms of metabolic pathways that are triggered, modulated, or turned off, depending on the seed physiological stage. Understanding the ways seed priming affects, either positively or negatively, such metabolic pathways and impacts gene expression and protein/metabolite accumulation/depletion represents an essential step toward the identification of novel seed quality hallmarks. The need to expand the basic knowledge on the molecular mechanisms ruling the seed response to priming is underlined along with the strong potential of applied research on primed seeds as a source of seed quality hallmarks. This route will hasten the implementation of seed priming techniques needed to support sustainable agriculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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12
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Basit F, Tao J, An J, Song X, Sheteiwy MS, Holford P, Hu J, Jośko I, Guan Y. Nitric oxide and brassinosteroids enhance chromium stress tolerance in Glycine max L. (Merr.) by modulating antioxidative defense and glyoxalase systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51638-51653. [PMID: 36811783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) contamination of agricultural soils is a major threat to human and plant health worldwide and causes reductions in plant growth and crop yields. 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and nitric oxide (NO) have been shown to ameliorate the reductions in growth caused by the stresses induced by heavy metals; however, the interactions between EBL and NO on the alleviation of Cr-induced phytotoxicity have been poorly studied. Hence, this study was undertaken to examine any beneficial effects of EBL (0.01 µM) and NO (100 µM), applied alone or in combination, on the mitigation of stress induced by Cr (100 µM) in soybean seedlings. Although EBL and NO applied alone reduced the toxic effects of Cr, the combined treatment had the greatest effect. Mitigation of Cr intoxication occurred via reduced Cr uptake and translocation and by ameliorating reductions in water contents, light-harvesting pigments, and other photosynthetic parameters. In addition, the two hormones increased the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms increasing the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing membrane damage and electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, the hormones reduced the accumulation of the toxic compound, methylglyoxal, by amplifying activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Thus, applications of NO and EBL can significantly mitigate Cr-phytotoxicity when cultivating soybean plants in Cr-contaminated soils. However, further more-in depth studies including field investigations parallel with calculations of cost to profit ratios and yield losses are requested to validate the effectiveness of NO and/or EBL for remediation agents in Cr-contaminated soils with using key biomarkers (i.e., oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and osmoprotectants) involved in the uptake, accumulation, and attenuation of Cr toxicity tested in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ji Tao
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianyu An
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Izabela Jośko
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Yajing Guan
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
- Seed Science Center, The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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13
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AbdElgawad H, Mohammed AE, van Dijk JR, Beemster GTS, Alotaibi MO, Saleh AM. The impact of chromium toxicity on the yield and quality of rice grains produced under ambient and elevated levels of CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1019859. [PMID: 36959941 PMCID: PMC10027917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1019859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a highly valuable crop consumed all over the world. Soil pollution, more specifically chromium (Cr), decreases rice yield and quality. Future climate CO2 (eCO2) is known to affect the growth and yield of crops as well as the quality parameters associated with human health. However, the detailed physiological and biochemical responses induced by Cr in rice grains produced under eCO2 have not been deeply studied. Cr (200 and 400 mg Cr6+/Kg soil) inhibited rice yield and photosynthesis in Sakha 106, but to less extend in Giza 181 rice cultivar. Elevated CO2 reduced Cr accumulation and, consequently, recovered the negative impact of the higher Cr dose, mainly in Sakha 106. This could be explained by improved photosynthesis which was consistent with increased carbohydrate level and metabolism (starch synthases and amylase). Moreover, these increases provided a route for the biosynthesis of organic, amino and fatty acids. At grain quality level, eCO2 differentially mitigated Cr stress-induced reductions in minerals (e.g., P, Mg and Ca), proteins (prolamin, globulin, albumin, glutelin), unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., C20:2 and C24:1) and antioxidants (phenolics and total antioxidant capacity) in both cultivars. This study provided insights into the physiological and biochemical bases of eCO2-induced grain yield and quality of Cr-stressed rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Afrah E. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesper R. van Dijk
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Ecosystem Management, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Modhi O. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Peng J, Liu Y, Ye L, Jiang J, Zhou F, Liu F, Huang J. Fast detection of minerals in rice leaves under chromium stress based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160545. [PMID: 36455735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Minerals in rice leaves is a crucial indicator of plant health, and their concentrations can be used to guide plant management. It is important to predict mineral content in contaminated rice rapidly. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to quantify minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) in rice leaves under chromium (Cr) stress. Two feature extraction methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were compared to identify important variables that related to mineral concentrations. Results showed that partial least square regression (PLSR) achieved good performance in Ca, Fe Mg, K, Mn, and Na, with correlation coefficient of 0.9782, 0.8712, 0.8933, 0.9206, 0.9856, and 0.9865, root mean square error of 219.25, 14.78, 1192.47, 385.12, 9.56, and 124.32 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the correlation between different spectral lines were further analyzed. Cr exhibited a positive correlation with Ca, Mg, and Na, and a negative correlation with Mn, Cu, and K. The proposed method provides a high-accuracy and fast approach for minerals prediction in rice leaves under Cr stress, which is important for environmental protection and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Longfei Ye
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Processing Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Fei Zhou
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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15
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Tang Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang H, Long H, Yang L, Li G, Guo J, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Q, Shi W, Shao R. Water deficit aggravated the inhibition of photosynthetic performance of maize under mercury stress but is alleviated by brassinosteroids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130365. [PMID: 36444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) significantly inhibits maize (Zea mays L.) production, which could be aggravated by water deficit (WD) due to climate change. However, there is no report on the maize in response to combined their stresses. This work was conducted for assessing the response and adaptive mechanism of maize to combined Hg and WD stress using two maize cultivars, Xianyu (XY) 335 and Yudan (YD) 132. The analysis was based on plant growth, physiological function, and transcriptomic data. Compared with the single Hg stress, Hg accumulation in whole plant and translocation factor (TF) under Hg+WD were increased by 64.51 % (1.44 mg kg-1) and 260.00 %, respectively, for XY 335; and 50.32 % (0.62 mg kg-1) and 220.02 %, respectively, for YD 132. Combined Hg and WD stress further increased the reactive oxygen species accumulation, aggravated the damage of the thylakoid membrane, and decreased chlorophyll content compared with single stress. For example, Chl a and Chl b contents of XY 335 were significantly decreased by 48.67 % and 28.08 %, respectively at 48 h after Hg+WD treatment compared with Hg stress. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that most of down-regulated genes were enriched in photosynthetic-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and porphyrin metabolism pathways (PsbS1, PSBQ1 and FDX1 etc.) under combined stress, reducing light energy capture and electron transport. However, most genes related to the brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling pathway were up-regulated under Hg+WD stress. Correspondingly, exogenous BRs significantly enhanced the maize tolerance to stress by decreasing Hg accumulation and TF, and raising activities of antioxidant enzyme, the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic performance. The PI, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of Hg+WD+BR treatment were increased by 29.88 %, 32.06 %, and 14.56 %, respectively, for XY 335 compared to Hg+WD. Overall, combined Hg and WD stress decreased photosynthetic efficiency by adversely affecting light absorption and electron transport, especially in stress-sensitive variety, but BRs could alleviate the inhibition of photosynthesis, providing a novel strategy for enhancing crop Hg and WD tolerance and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Haochi Long
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Liuyang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Gengwei Li
- Xinxiang Grain, Oil and Feed Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yuling Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Weiyu Shi
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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16
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Basit F, Ulhassan Z, Mou Q, Nazir MM, Hu J, Hu W, Song W, Sheteiwy MS, Zhou W, Bhat JA, Jeddi K, Hessini K, Guan Y. Seed priming with nitric oxide and/or spermine mitigate the chromium toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa) seedlings by improving the carbon-assimilation and minimising the oxidative damages. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:121-135. [PMID: 35057906 DOI: 10.1071/fp21268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a serious environmental contaminant that drastically limited the crop yields. Nitric oxide (NO) and spermine (Spm) portrayal significance in improving the plant tolerance against abiotic stresses. Therefore, we investigate the protective efficacy of seed priming with NO (100μM) and/or Spm (0.01mM) in minimising the Cr-induced toxic effects in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Our outcomes revealed that Cr alone treatments (100μM) notably reduced the seed germination rate, plant growth, photosynthetic apparatus, nutrients uptake and antioxidant defence system, but extra generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the combine applications of NO and Spm significantly reversed the Cr-induced toxic effects by reducing the Cr-accumulation, maintaining the nutrient balance, improving the germination indices, levels of photosynthetic pigments (chl a by 24.6%, chl b by 36.3%, chl (a+b ) by 57.2% and carotenoids by 79.4%), PSII, photosynthesis gas exchange parameters and total soluble sugar (74.9%) by improving antioxidative enzyme activities. As a result, NO+Spm lowered the accumulation of oxidative markers (H2 O2 by 93.9/70.4%, O2 ˙- by 86.3/69.9% and MDA by 97.2/73.7% in leaves/roots), electrolyte leakage (71.4% in leaves) and improved the plant growth traits. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that NO triggers Spm to minimise the Cr-accumulation and its adverse effects on rice plants. Additionally, combined treatments (NO+Spm) were more effective in minimising the Cr-induced toxic effects in comparison to NO and Spm alone treatments. Thus, co-exposure of NO and Spm may be utilised to boost rice tolerance under Cr stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; and Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingshan Mou
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; and Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Mudassar Nazir
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; and Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; and Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Song
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; and Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; and State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaouthar Jeddi
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yajing Guan
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; and Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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17
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López-Bucio JS, Ravelo-Ortega G, López-Bucio J. Chromium in plant growth and development: Toxicity, tolerance and hormesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120084. [PMID: 36057328 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Research over the last three decades showed that chromium, particularly the oxyanion chromate Cr(VI) behaves as a toxic environmental pollutant that strongly damages plants due to oxidative stress, disruption of nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and metabolism, and ultimately, represses growth and development. However, mild Cr(VI) concentrations promote growth, induce adventitious root formation, reinforce the root cap, and produce twin roots from single root meristems under conditions that compromise cell viability, indicating its important role as a driver for root organogenesis. In recent years, considerable advance has been made towards deciphering the molecular mechanisms for root sensing of chromate, including the identification of regulatory proteins such as SOLITARY ROOT and MEDIATOR 18 that orchestrate the multilevel dynamics of the oxyanion. Cr(VI) decreases the expression of several glutamate receptors, whereas amino acids such as glutamate, cysteine and proline confer protection to plants from hexavalent chromium stress. The crosstalk between plant hormones, including auxin, ethylene, and jasmonic acid enables tissues to balance growth and defense under Cr(VI)-induced oxidative damage, which may be useful to better adapt crops to biotic and abiotic challenges. The highly contrasting responses of plants manifested at the transcriptional and translational levels depend on the concentration of chromate in the media, and fit well with the concept of hormesis, an adaptive mechanism that primes plants for resistance to environmental challenges, toxins or pollutants. Here, we review the contrasting facets of Cr(VI) in plants including the cellular, hormonal and molecular aspects that mechanistically separate its toxic effects from biostimulant outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ravelo-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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18
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Zhang Q, Liang M, Song R, Song Z, Song H, Qiao X. Brassinosteroids enhance resistance to manganese toxicity in Malus robusta Rehd. via modulating polyamines profile. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153808. [PMID: 36088781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity in soil is a widely observed phenomenon, which seriously restricts growth, quality, and yield of various crops and fruits including apples. However, mechanisms underlying the regulation of polyamines (PAs) by brassinosteroids (BRs) to improve tolerance to Mn stress are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBL; a BR) on the expression of genes involved in BR signaling pathway, Mn accumulation, PAs-mediated responses (PA precursor levels, metabolic enzymes, and genes), and growth parameters in Mn-stressed Malus robusta Rehd. EBL application significantly modulated the expressions of genes related to BR signaling (MdBRI, MdBSK, etc.) and reduced Mn accumulation, along with improving the rate of increase in root length and plant height, relative water content, chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) and decreasing electrical conductivity. Furthermore, EBL application significantly reduced putrescine (Put) accumulation and increased spermine (Spm) content and (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio. EBL weakened ornithine (Orn) pathway, decreased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, and increased biosynthesis of Spm from Put via elevating the PA oxidase (PAO) activity and expression of MdSPDS, MdSPMS, and MdPAO. The trends for free, PS-conjugated, and PIS-bound PAs were similar to that of total PAs, except that no significant change was observed in free Spm, PS-conjugated Spd, and Spm, as well as PIS-bound Spd. This study revealed that BR-regulated PAs help in mitigating Mn toxicity and clarified the mechanisms of regulation of PAs by BRs in apple trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China; The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China
| | - Meixia Liang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China; The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China
| | - Ruoxuan Song
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China; The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China
| | - Hao Song
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China
| | - Xuqiang Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China; The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China.
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Li R, Zheng W, Yang R, Hu Q, Ma L, Zhang H. OsSGT1 promotes melatonin-ameliorated seed tolerance to chromium stress by affecting the OsABI5-OsAPX1 transcriptional module in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:151-171. [PMID: 35942609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution threatens plant development and growth. Application of melatonin (Mel) is emerging as an effective ally to resist stress, but how Mel ameliorates seed germination upon exposure to heavy metals is poorly understood. Here, we found (i) that seed priming with Mel considerably alleviated Cr stress during rice (Oryza sativa) seed germination and (ii) that germination performance was significantly improved in suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1 (OsSGT1) overexpression lines, while mutations of OsSGT1 and/or abscisic acid-insensitive 5 (OsABI5) noticeably abrogated such Mel-induced tolerance to Cr. Complementation assays suggested that the restored expression of OsSGT1 could not rescue the weak germination of sgt1-1abi5 under Cr stress, even upon Mel priming, but the expression of OsABI5 driven by the promoter of OsSGT1 significantly restored the Mel-ameliorated germination and the expression of ascorbate peroxidase 1 (OsAPX1) in sgt1-1abi5. Further analysis indicated that OsABI5 directly regulated the transcriptional expression of OsAPX1, whose encoding products promoted H2 O2 scavenging to maintain redox homeostasis, which is essential for germination. Collectively, this work demonstrates that OsSGT1 regulates OsABI5 to target OsAPX1, mediating the stimulatory effects of Mel on germination of Cr-stressed seeds, which provides a guide for the application of Mel in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunwen Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
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Basit F, Bhat JA, Dong Z, Mou Q, Zhu X, Wang Y, Hu J, Jan BL, Shakoor A, Guan Y, Ahmad P. Chromium toxicity induced oxidative damage in two rice cultivars and its mitigation through external supplementation of brassinosteroids and spermine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134423. [PMID: 35430206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chromium (Cr) induced phytotoxicity avowed the scientific community to develop stress mitigation strategies to restrain the Cr accumulation inside the food chain. Whereas, brassinosteroids (BRs), and spermine (SPM) are well-known growth-promoting phytohormones, which enhance the plants health, and resilient the toxic effects under stress conditions. Until now, their interactive role against Cr-mitigation is poorly known. Hence, we conducted the hydroponic experiment to perceive the behavior of seed primed with BRs, or/and SPM treatment against Cr disclosure in two different rice cultivars (CY927; sensitive, YLY689; tolerant). Our findings delineated that BRs (0.01 μM), or/and SPM (0.01 mM) remarkably alleviated Cr-induced phytotoxicity by improving the seed germination ratio, chlorophyll pigments, PSII system, total soluble sugar, and minimizing the MDA contents level, ROS extra generation, and electrolyte leakage through restricting the Cr accretion in roots, and shoots of both rice cultivars under Cr stress. Additionally, the BRs, or/and SPM modulated the antioxidant enzyme, and non-enzyme activities to reduce the Cr-induced cellular oxidative damage as well as maintained the ionic hemostasis in both rice cultivars, especially in YLY689. Concisely, enhanced the plants biomass and growth. Overall, our outcomes revealed that BRs and SPM interact positively to alleviate the Cr-induced damages in rice seedlings on the above-mentioned indices, and combine treatment is much more efficient than solely. Moreover, the effect of BRs, or/and SPM was more obvious in YLY689 than CY927 to hamper the oxidative stress, and boost the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhang Dong
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Qingshan Mou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Science, The Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin' an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Yajing Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 8, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Basit F, Bhat JA, Guan Y, Jan BL, Tyagi A, Ahmad P. Nitric oxide and spermine revealed positive defense interplay for the regulation of the chromium toxicity in soybean (Glycine max L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119602. [PMID: 35716895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current investigation demonstrated that chromium (Cr) toxicity affects adversely on the normal growth of soybean plants. However, the seed priming with nitric oxide (NO; 100 μM), and spermine (Spm; 0.01 Mm) can significantly alleviate the Cr toxicity in soybean plant. Herein, the hydroponic experiment was conducted to observe the individual as well as the interactive behavior of NO, and Spm on the various morpho-physiological and, biochemical parameters in soybean such as plant growth, plant height, seed germination indices, photosynthesis-related indices such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, PS system II, nutrient uptake of soybean seedlings against Cr (VI) toxicity. Our outcomes deliberated that the alone treatment of NO, and Spm cause a significant improvement in seed germination ratio, photosynthetic pigments, and biomass of plants by restricting Cr uptake; while NO + Spm treatment being more effective in the improvement of soybean growth relative to their individual treatment under Cr stress. Relative to alone treatment of NO, and Spm, the combined treatment significantly modulated the antioxidant activities, and lowered the ROS accumulation, and electrolyte leakage. In addition, seed priming with NO, and Spm mitigate the Cr-induced toxicity by reducing Cr uptake and stimulating the antioxidative defense mechanisms. Hence, these findings confirmed the positive defense interplay of the NO and Spm in the modulation of the Cr tolerance in soybean. However, the underlying defense mechanism of these synergetic effects needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China; Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yajing Guan
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China; Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Basit F, Bhat JA, Hu J, Kaushik P, Ahmad A, Guan Y, Ahmad P. Brassinosteroid Supplementation Alleviates Chromium Toxicity in Soybean (Glycine max L.) via Reducing Its Translocation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172292. [PMID: 36079674 PMCID: PMC9460071 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) phytotoxicity severely inhibits plant growth and development which makes it a prerequisite to developing techniques that prevent Cr accumulation in food chains. However, little is explored related to the protective role of brassinosteroids (BRs) against Cr-induced stress in soybean plants. Herein, the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of soybean cultivars with/without foliar application of BRs under Cr toxicity were intensely investigated. Our outcomes deliberated that BRs application noticeably reduced Cr-induced phytotoxicity by lowering Cr uptake (37.7/43.63%), accumulation (63.92/81.73%), and translocation (26.23/38.14%) in XD-18/HD-19, plant tissues, respectively; besides, improved seed germination ratio, photosynthetic attributes, plant growth, and biomass, as well as prevented nutrient uptake inhibition under Cr stress, especially in HD-19 cultivar. Furthermore, BRs stimulated antioxidative defense systems, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, the compartmentalization of ion chelation, diminished extra production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and electrolyte leakage in response to Cr-induced toxicity, specifically in HD-19. In addition, BRs improved Cr stress tolerance in soybean seedlings by regulating the expression of stress-related genes involved in Cr accumulation, and translocation. Inclusively, by considering the above-mentioned biomarkers, foliar spray of BRs might be considered an effective inhibitor of Cr-induced damages in soybean cultivars, even in Cr polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jin Hu
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yajing Guan
- The Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Srinagar 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (P.A.)
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23
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Seed Priming with Spermine Mitigates Chromium Stress in Rice by Modifying the Ion Homeostasis, Cellular Ultrastructure and Phytohormones Balance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091704. [PMID: 36139792 PMCID: PMC9495668 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an important environmental constraint effecting crop productivity. Spermine (SPM) is a polyamine compound regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, SPM-mediated tolerance mechanisms against Cr stress are less commonly explored in plants. Thus, current research was conducted to explore the protective mechanisms of SPM (0.01 mM) against Cr (100 µM) toxicity in two rice cultivars, CY927 (sensitive) and YLY689 (tolerant) at the seedling stage. Our results revealed that, alone, Cr exposure significantly reduced seed germination, biomass and photosynthetic related parameters, caused nutrient and hormonal imbalance, desynchronized antioxidant enzymes, and triggered oxidative damage by over-accretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage in both rice varieties, with greater impairments in CY927 than YLY689. However, seed priming with SPM notably improved or reversed the above-mentioned parameters, especially in YLY689. Besides, SPM stimulated the stress-responsive genes of endogenous phytohormones, especially salicylic acid (SA), as confirmed by the pronounced transcript levels of SA-related genes (OsPR1, OsPR2 and OsNPR1). Our findings specified that SPM enhanced rice tolerance against Cr toxicity via decreasing accumulation of Cr and markers of oxidative damage (H2O2, O2•− and MDA), improving antioxidant defense enzymes, photosynthetic apparatus, nutrients and phytohormone balance.
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Hydrogen Sulfide, Ethylene, and Nitric Oxide Regulate Redox Homeostasis and Protect Photosynthetic Metabolism under High Temperature Stress in Rice Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081478. [PMID: 36009197 PMCID: PMC9405544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures worldwide due to global climate change are a major scientific issue at present. The present study reports the effects of gaseous signaling molecules, ethylene (200 µL L−1; 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid; ethephon, Eth), nitric oxide (NO; 100 µM sodium nitroprusside; SNP), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S; 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) in high temperature stress (HS) tolerance, and whether or not H2S contributes to ethylene or NO-induced thermo-tolerance and photosynthetic protection in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, i.e., Taipei-309, and Rasi. Plants exposed to an HS of 40 °C for six h per day for 15 days caused a reduction in rice biomass, associated with decreased photosynthesis and leaf water status. High temperature stress increased oxidative stress by increasing the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in rice leaves. These signaling molecules increased biomass, leaf water status, osmolytes, antioxidants, and photosynthesis of plants under non-stress and high temperature stress. However, the effect was more conspicuous with ethylene than NO and H2S. The application of H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) reversed the effect of ethylene or NO on photosynthesis under HS. This supports the findings that the ameliorating effects of Eth or SNP involved H2S. Thus, the presence of H2S with ethylene or NO can enhance thermo-tolerance while also protecting plant photosynthesis.
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Basit F, Nazir MM, Shahid M, Abbas S, Javed MT, Naqqash T, Liu Y, Yajing G. Application of zinc oxide nanoparticles immobilizes the chromium uptake in rice plants by regulating the physiological, biochemical and cellular attributes. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1175-1190. [PMID: 35910447 PMCID: PMC9334463 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nano particles (ZnO NPs) have been employed as a novel strategy to regulate plant tolerance and alleviate heavy metal stress, but our scanty knowledge regarding the systematic role of ZnO NPs to ameliorate chromium (Cr) stress especially in rice necessitates an in-depth investigation. An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ZnO NPs (e.g., 0, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) in ameliorating the Cr toxicity and accumulation in rice seedlings in hydroponic system. Our results demonstrated that Cr (100 µM) severely inhibited the rice seedling growth, whereas exogenous treatment of ZnO NPs significantly alleviated Cr toxicity stress and promoted the plant growth. Moreover, application of ZnO NPs significantly augmented the germination energy, germination percentage, germination index, and vigor index. In addition, biomass accumulation, antioxidants (SOD, CAT, POD), nutrient acquisition (Zn, Fe) was also improved in ZnO NPs-treated plants, while the lipid peroxidation (MDA, H2O2), electrolyte leakage as well as Cr uptake and in-planta accumulation was significantly decreased. The burgeoning effects were more apparent at ZnO NPs (100 mg/L) suggesting the optimum treatment to ameliorate Cr induced oxidative stress in rice plants. Furthermore, the treatment of ZnO NPs (100 mg/L) reduced the level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and stimulated the growth regulator hormones such as brassinosteroids (BRs) possibly linked with enhanced phytochelatins (PCs) levels. The ultrastructure analysis at cellular level of rice revealed that the application of 100 mg/L ZnO NPs protected the chloroplast integrity and other cell organells via improvement in plant ionomics, antioxidant activities and down regulating Cr induced oxidative stress in rice plants. Conclusively, observations of the current study will be helpful in developing stratigies to decrease Cr contamination in food chain by employing ZnO NPs and to mitigate the drastic effects of Cr in plants for the sustainable crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Muhammad Mudassir Nazir
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Yihan Liu
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guan Yajing
- Seed Science Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Singhal RK, Kumar M, Bose B, Mondal S, Srivastava S, Dhankher OP, Tripathi RD. Heavy metal (loid)s phytotoxicity in crops and its mitigation through seed priming technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:187-206. [PMID: 35549957 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2068502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in the environment have become a predicament for all living organisms, including plants. The presence of these HMs in the plant system raised the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and remodeled several vital cellular biomolecules. These lead to several morphological, physiological, metabolic, and molecular aberrations in plants ranging from chlorosis of leaves to the lipid peroxidation of membranes, and degradation of proteins and nucleic acid including the modulation of the enzymatic system, which ultimately affects the plant growth and productivity. Plants are equipped with several mechanisms to counteract the HMs toxicity. Among them, seed priming (SP) technology has been widely tested with the use of several inorganic chemicals, plant growth regulators (PGRs), gasotransmitters, nanoparticles, living organisms, and plant leaf extracts. The use of these compounds has the potential to alleviate the HMs toxicity through the strengthening of the antioxidant defense system, generation of low molecular weight metallothionein's (MTs), and phytochelatins (PCs), and improving seedling vigor during early growth stages. This review presents an account of the sources, uptake and transport, and phytotoxic effects of HMs with special attention to different mechanism/s, occurring to mitigate the HMs toxicity in plants employing SP technology.Novelty statement: To the best of our knowledge, this review has delineated the consequences of HMs on the crucial plant processes, which ultimately affect plant growth and development. This review also compiled the up to dated information on phytotoxicity of HMs through the use of SP technology, this review discussed how different types of SP approaches help in diminishing the concentration HMs in plant systems. Also, we depicted mechanisms, represent how HMs transport and their actions on cellular levels, and emphasized, how diverse SP technology effectiveness in the mitigation of plants' phytotoxicity in unique ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bandana Bose
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sananda Mondal
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of ASEPAN, Institute of Agriculture, Sriniketan, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Stockbridge, MA, USA
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Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Approaches to Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050925. [PMID: 35624789 PMCID: PMC9137904 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Takamatsu 761-0795, Japan;
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-17165-87711
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28
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Basit F, Akhter Bhat J, Han J, Guan Y, Latief Jan B, Shakoor A, Alansi S. Screening of rice cultivars for Cr-stress response by using the parameters of seed germination, morpho-physiological and antioxidant analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3918-3928. [PMID: 35844371 PMCID: PMC9280261 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is the most important crop for the majority of population across the world with sensitive behavior toward heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) in polluted regions. Although, there is no information on the Cr resistance phenotyping in rice. Herein, two different groups of rice cultivars (normal, and hybrid) were used, each group with 14 different rice cultivars. Firstly, seed germination analysis was conducted by evaluating various seed germination indices to identify the rice cultivars with greatest seed germination vigor. Furthermore, exposure of chromium (Cr) toxicity to 28 different rice varieties (NV1-NV14, HV1-HV14) caused noticeable plant biomass reduction. Subsequently, NV2, NV6, NV10, NV12, NV13 (normal type), HV1, HV4, HV8, and HV9 (hybrid types) were pragmatic as moderately sensitive varieties, while NV3, NV4, NV9, and NV14 (normal type), HV3, HV6, HV7, and HV13 were observed as moderately tolerant. Although, NV7, and HV10 were ranked most sensitive cultivars, and NV11, and HV14 were considered as most tolerant varieties as compared to the other rice (both groups) genotypes. Afterward, Cr induced reduction in chlorophyll pigments were significantly lesser in HV14 relative to NV11, NV7, and especially HV10, and as a result HV14 modulated the total soluble sugar level as well as reduced ROS accumulation, and MDA contents production by stimulating the antioxidant defense mechanism conspicuously which further reduced the electrolyte leakage as well. Our outcomes provide support to explore the Cr tolerance mechanism in cereal crops as well as knowledge about rice breeding with increased tolerance against Cr stress.
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Basit F, Liu J, An J, Chen M, He C, Zhu X, Li Z, Hu J, Guan Y. Seed priming with brassinosteroids alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice via improving antioxidant defense system and suppressing aluminum uptake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10183-10197. [PMID: 34515933 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth-promoting hormones that exhibit high biological activities across various plant species. BRs shield plants against various abiotic stresses. In the present study, the effect of BRs against aluminum (Al) toxicity was investigated through seed priming with 24-epibrassinolide (0.01 μM) in two different rice cultivars. BRs application was found effective in confronting plants from Al toxicity (400 μM). The rice seeds primed with BRs showed enhancement in seed germination energy, germination percentage, root and shoot length, as well as fresh and dry weight under Al-absence and Al-stressed conditions as compared to water-priming. Especially under Al stress, BRs priming promoted the growth of rice seedlings more obviously. Al toxicity significantly increased the Al contents in seedling root and shoot, as well as the MDA concentration, H2O2 production, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic pigments of seedling reduced under Al stress. When compared to sensitive cultivar (CY-927), these modifications were more obvious in the tolerant variety (YLY-689). Surprisingly, BRs were able to alleviate the Al injury by lowering MDA and H2O2 level and increasing antioxidant activities and photosynthetic pigments under Al stress. The results on antioxidant activities were further validated by gene expression study of SOD-Cu-Zn, SOD-Fe2, CATa, CATb, APX02, and APX08. It suggested that BRs were responsible for the mitigation of Al stress in rice seedlings by inducing antioxidant activities with an effective response to other seed growth parameters and reduced Al uptake under induced metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu An
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Can He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Guan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
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