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Leng F, Fang W, Chen T, Wang C, Wang S, Wang L, Xie Z, Zhang X. Different frequencies of water deficit irrigation treatments improve fruit quality of Zitian seedless grapes under on-tree storage. Food Chem 2024; 454:139629. [PMID: 38805920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the impact of varied water deficit irrigation frequencies (T1: 2.5 L/4 days; T2: 5 L/8 days; CK: 5 L/4 days) on Zitian Seedless grapes from veraison to post-ripening. Notably, total soluble solids increased during on-tree storage compared to at maturity, while total anthocyanin content decreased, particularly in CK (60.16%), T1 (62.35%), and less in T2 (50.54%). Glucose and fructose levels increased significantly in T1 and T2, more so in T2, but slightly declined in CK. Tartaric acid content increased by 41.42% in T2. Moreover, compared to regular irrigation, water deficit treatments enhanced phenolic metabolites and volatile compounds, including chlorogenic acid, various flavonoids, viniferin, hexanal, 2-nonenal, 2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, and 1-hexanol, etc. Overall, the T2 treatment outperformed T1 and CK in maintaining grape quality. This study reveals that combining on-tree storage with water deficit irrigation not only improves grape quality but also water efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Leng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wenfei Fang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chengyang Wang
- Zhoushan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang 316000, PR China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Zhaosen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China.
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2
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Cebrián-Tarancón C, Serrano AS, Chacón-Vozmediano JL, Martínez-Gascueña J, Alonso G. Volatile Characterization of Recovery Minority Grape Varieties from Castilla-La Mancha Region (Spain). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1507. [PMID: 38891315 PMCID: PMC11174939 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the identification and characterization of grapevine cultivars resilient to climate and water stress while preserving quality traits is crucial for the wine industry. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize according to their aromatic potential nine white and six red minority cultivars recently recovered from Castilla-La Mancha region (Spain), subjected to two different water-deficit regimes: rainfed, with subsistence irrigation, and irrigated. For this, the varietal aromatic potential index (IPAv) and the detailed aromatic composition were analyzed via HS-SBSE-GC/MS in extracts of two different pHs. For IPAv values, red varieties did not show a clear trend with respect to irrigation. However, in white minority varieties, higher values were obtained under irrigation conditions. Thus, a clear differentiation of the minority varieties in comparison to the references was observed, primarily attributed to the content of esters and acids, in both white and red varieties. A notable contrast was observed at different pHs, indicating a greater extractability of certain compounds like linalool, under more acidic conditions. This suggests that some recovered minority cultivars could be promising for cultivation in semi-arid regions with limited water, contributing to the sustainability of the wine sector in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cebrián-Tarancón
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (C.C.-T.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Argimiro Sergio Serrano
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (C.C.-T.); (A.S.S.)
- Regional Institute of Agri-Food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain; (J.L.C.-V.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Juan L. Chacón-Vozmediano
- Regional Institute of Agri-Food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain; (J.L.C.-V.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús Martínez-Gascueña
- Regional Institute of Agri-Food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Ctra. Toledo-Albacete s/n, 13700 Tomelloso, Spain; (J.L.C.-V.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Gonzalo Alonso
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de España s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (C.C.-T.); (A.S.S.)
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Herrera MD, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Reynoso-Camacho R, Reveles-Torres LR, Servín-Palestina M, Granados-López AJ, Reyes-Estrada CA, López JA. Chemometric Evaluation of RI-Induced Phytochemicals in Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds Indicate an Improvement on Liver Enzymes in Obese Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:7983. [PMID: 38138473 PMCID: PMC10746056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver enzymes alterations (activity or quantity increase) have been recognized as biomarkers of obesity-related abnormal liver function. The intake of healthy foods can improve the activity of enzymes like aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), γ-glutaminyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Beans have a high concentration of several phytochemicals; however, Restriction Irrigation (RI) during plant development amends their synthesis. Using chemometric tools, we evaluated the capacity of RI-induced phytochemicals to ameliorate the high activity of liver enzymes in obese rats. The rats were induced with a high-fat diet for 4 months, subsequently fed with 20% cooked beans from well-watered plants (100/100), or from plants subjected to RI at the vegetative or reproduction stage (50/100, 100/50), or during the whole cycle (50/50) for 3 months. A partial least square discriminant analysis indicated that mostly flavonols have a significant association with serum AST and ALT activity, while isoflavones lowered GGT and ALP. For AST and ALT activity in the liver, saponins remained significant for hepatocellular protection and flavonoids remained significant as hepatobiliary protectants by lowering GGT and ALP. A principal component analysis demonstrated that several flavonoids differentiated 100/50 treatment from the rest, while some saponins were correlated to 50/100 and 50/50 treatments. The intake of beans cultivated under RI improves obesity-impaired liver alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Denise Herrera
- Campo Experimental Zacatecas (CEZAC-INIFAP), Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo Km 24.5, Calera de VR, Zacatecas 98500, Mexico; (M.D.H.); (L.R.R.-T.); (M.S.-P.)
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Avenida Preparatoria No. 301, Colonia Hidráulica, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico;
| | - Iza Fernanda Pérez-Ramírez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico; (I.F.P.-R.); (R.R.-C.)
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico; (I.F.P.-R.); (R.R.-C.)
| | - Luis Roberto Reveles-Torres
- Campo Experimental Zacatecas (CEZAC-INIFAP), Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo Km 24.5, Calera de VR, Zacatecas 98500, Mexico; (M.D.H.); (L.R.R.-T.); (M.S.-P.)
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Avenida Preparatoria No. 301, Colonia Hidráulica, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Servín-Palestina
- Campo Experimental Zacatecas (CEZAC-INIFAP), Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo Km 24.5, Calera de VR, Zacatecas 98500, Mexico; (M.D.H.); (L.R.R.-T.); (M.S.-P.)
| | - Angelica Judith Granados-López
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Avenida Preparatoria No. 301, Colonia Hidráulica, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Araceli Reyes-Estrada
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI, Villanueva–Zacatecas, La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Jesús Adrián López
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Avenida Preparatoria No. 301, Colonia Hidráulica, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico;
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Lavado Rodas N, Uriarte Hernández D, Moreno Cardona D, Mancha Ramírez LA, Prieto Losada MH, Valdés Sánchez ME. Forcing vine regrowth under different irrigation strategies: effect on polyphenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of cv. Tempranillo wines grown in a semiarid climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128174. [PMID: 37229111 PMCID: PMC10204802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the effects of climate change in warm areas is the asynchrony between the dates of the technological and the phenolic maturity of grapes. This is important because the quality and color stability of red wines are directly related to the content and distribution of phenolic compounds. A novel alternative that has been proposed to delay grape ripening and make it coincide with a seasonal period more favorable for the formation of phenolic compounds is crop forcing. This consists of severe green pruning after flowering, when the buds of the following year have already differentiated. In this way, the buds formed during the same season are forced to sprout, initiating a new delayed cycle. The aim of the present work is to study the effect on the phenolic composition and color of wines elaborated from vines fully irrigated (C), grown using conventional non-forcing (NF) and forcing (F) techniques (C-NF and C-F), and wines from vines subjected to regulated irrigation (RI), grown using NF and F techniques (RI-NF and RI-F). The trial was carried out in an experimental vineyard of the Tempranillo variety located in a semi-arid area (Badajoz, Spain) in the 2017-2019 seasons. The wines (four by treatment) were elaborated and stabilized according to the classic methodologies for red wine. All wines had the same alcohol content, and malolactic fermentation was not carried out in any of them. Anthocyanin profiles were analyzed by HPLC, and total polyphenolic content, anthocyanin content, catechin content, the contribution to color due to co-pigmented anthocyanins, and various chromatic parameters were also determined. Although a significant effect of year was found for almost all the parameters analyzed, a general increasing trend in F wines was found for most of them. The anthocyanin profile of F wines was found to differ from that of C wines, especially in delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and peonidin content. These results indicate that by using the forcing technique it was possible to increase the polyphenolic content by ensuring that the synthesis and accumulation of these substances occurred at more suitable temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Lavado Rodas
- CICYTEX-INTAEX, Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- CICYTEX-FOV, Agricultural Research Institute Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Crta. A-V, Badajoz, Spain
| | - David Uriarte Hernández
- CICYTEX-FOV, Agricultural Research Institute Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Crta. A-V, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno Cardona
- CICYTEX-INTAEX, Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis A. Mancha Ramírez
- CICYTEX-FOV, Agricultural Research Institute Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Crta. A-V, Badajoz, Spain
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Maya-Meraz IO, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Pérez-Martínez JD, Gardea-Béjar AA, Rios-Velasco C, Ruiz-Cruz S, Ornelas-Paz J, Pérez-Leal R, Virgen-Ortiz JJ. Foliar Application of CaCO 3-Rich Industrial Residues on 'Shiraz' Vines Improves the Composition of Phenolic Compounds in Grapes and Aged Wine. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081566. [PMID: 37107361 PMCID: PMC10137510 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of wine grapes and wine depends on their content of phenolic compounds. Under commercial conditions, the phenolic maturity of grapes is mostly achieved by applying abscisic acid analogues. Some Ca forms represent a cost-effective alternative for these compounds. In this study, 'Shiraz' vines (veraison of 90%) were sprayed with CaCO3-rich residues from the cement industry (4.26 g of Ca per L). Fruit from treated and untreated vines was harvested 45 days after CaCO3 spraying and evaluated for quality. The fruit was vinified, and the obtained wines were bottled and stored in darkness for 15 months at 20 °C. Wines were evaluated for quality after storage. The evaluation of grape and wine quality included the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The treatment with CaCO3 did not affect the ripening rate of grapes. However, the treatment improved the fruit yield as well as the color development, the content of phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of grapes and wine. The treatment favored especially the accumulation of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, and the procyanidins B1 and B2. Wine made with treated fruit was of higher quality than that of control fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Ofelia Maya-Meraz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chihuahua C.P. 31110, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Jaime David Pérez-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A Gardea-Béjar
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Saúl Ruiz-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales S/N, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Mexico
| | - Juan Ornelas-Paz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímicos y Nutrientes, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Río Conchos S/N, Parque Industrial, Cd. Cuauhtémoc C.P. 31570, Mexico
| | - Ramona Pérez-Leal
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chihuahua C.P. 31110, Mexico
| | - José Juan Virgen-Ortiz
- Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Michoacán (CIDAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro Km 8, Morelia C.P. 58341, Mexico
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6
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Daccak D, Lidon FC, Coelho ARF, Luís IC, Marques AC, Pessoa CC, Brito MDG, Kullberg JC, Ramalho JC, Silva MJ, Rodrigues AP, Campos PS, Pais IP, Semedo JN, Silva MM, Legoinha P, Galhano C, Simões M, Pessoa MF, Reboredo FH. Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Two Winegrapes Varieties after Foliar Application of ZnSO 4 and ZnO. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37050051 PMCID: PMC10097101 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One-third of the world's population is suffering from "hidden hunger" due to micronutrient deficiency. Zinc is acquired through diet, leading its deficiency to the development of disorders such as retarded growth, anorexia, infections, and hypogeusia. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop an agronomic workflow for Zn biofortification on two red winegrapes varieties (cv. Castelão and Syrah) and determine the physicochemical implications for winemaking. Both varieties produced in Setúbal (Portugal) were submitted to four foliar applications of ZnSO4 or ZnO (900 and 1350 g ha-1, respectively), during the production cycle. At harvest, Zn biofortification reached a 4.3- and 2.3-fold increase with ZnO 1350 g ha-1 in Castelão and Syrah, respectively (although, with ZnSO4 1350 g ha-1 both varieties revealed an increase in Zn concentration). On a physiological basis, lower values of NDVI were found in the biofortified grapes, although not reflected in photosynthetic parameters with cv. Syrah shows even a potential benefit with the use of Zn fertilizers. Regarding physical and chemical parameters (density, total soluble solids, dry weight, and color), relative to the control no significant changes in both varieties were observed, being suitable for winemaking. It was concluded that ZnSO4 and ZnO foliar fertilization efficiently increased Zn concentration on both varieties without a negative impact on quality, but cv. Castelão showed a better index of Zn biofortification and pointed to a potentially higher quality for winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Daccak
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Fernando C. Lidon
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Ana Rita F. Coelho
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Inês Carmo Luís
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Ana Coelho Marques
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Cláudia Campos Pessoa
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Maria da Graça Brito
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - José Carlos Kullberg
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - José C. Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria José Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Rodrigues
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Scotti Campos
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel P. Pais
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José N. Semedo
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Quinta do Marquês, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Silva
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Paulo Legoinha
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Carlos Galhano
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Manuela Simões
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessoa
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Fernando H. Reboredo
- Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.C.L.); (A.R.F.C.); (I.C.L.); (A.C.M.); (C.C.P.); (M.d.G.B.); (J.C.K.); (M.M.S.); (P.L.); (C.G.); (M.S.); (M.F.P.); (F.H.R.)
- Centro de Investigação de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.C.R.); (M.J.S.); (P.S.C.); (I.P.P.); (J.N.S.)
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7
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Foliar application of methyl jasmonate and methyl jasmonate supported on nanoparticles: Incidence on grape phenolic composition over two seasons. Food Chem 2023; 402:134244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Díaz-Fernández Á, Díaz-Losada E, Vázquez-Arias A, Pujol AP, Cardona DM, Valdés-Sánchez ME. Non-Anthocyanin Compounds in Minority Red Grapevine Varieties Traditionally Cultivated in Galicia (Northwest Iberian Peninsula), Analysis of Flavanols, Flavonols, and Phenolic Acids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 36616133 PMCID: PMC9824605 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-anthocyanin compounds (NAN) such as flavonol, flavanol, and phenolic acids should be considered in the characterization of minority red grapevine varieties because these compounds are involved in copigmentation reactions and are potent antioxidants. Sixteen NAN were extracted, identified, and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from grapes of 28 red genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. grown in Galicia (Northwest of Spain) in 2018 and 2019 vintages. The percentage of total NAN with respect to the total polyphenol content (TPC) values was calculated for each sample and established into three categories: high percentage NAN varieties (NANV), those varieties showing low percentages of NAN (ANV), and finally those varieties showing medium percentages of NAN (NANAV). 'Xafardán' and 'Zamarrica', classified as NANAV, had high values of TPC and showed good percentages of flavonol and flavanol compounds. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed with flavonol, flavanol, and phenolic acid profiles. The flavonol and flavanol profiles allowed a good discrimination of samples by variety and year, respectively. The flavonol profile should therefore be considered as a potential varietal marker. The results could help in the selection of varieties to be disseminated and in the identification of the most appropriate agronomic and oenological techniques that should be performed on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Díaz-Fernández
- Research Station of Viticulture and Enology of Galicia (EVEGA), 32419 Ourense, Spain
| | - Emilia Díaz-Losada
- Research Station of Viticulture and Enology of Galicia (EVEGA), 32419 Ourense, Spain
| | - Anxo Vázquez-Arias
- Research Station of Viticulture and Enology of Galicia (EVEGA), 32419 Ourense, Spain
| | - Anna Puig Pujol
- Catalan Institute of Vine and Wine—Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (INCAVI-IRTA), 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno Cardona
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura—Food and Agriculture Technology Institute of Extremadura (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Esperanza Valdés-Sánchez
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura—Food and Agriculture Technology Institute of Extremadura (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Avenue Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
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9
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Jiang M, Shinners-Carnelley T, Gibson D, Jones D, Joshi J, Wang-Pruski G. Irrigation Effect on Yield, Skin Blemishes, Phellem Formation, and Total Phenolics of Red Potatoes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3523. [PMID: 36559635 PMCID: PMC9786858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dark Red Norland is an important potato cultivar in the fresh market due to its attractive bright, red colour, and good yield. However, skin blemishes such as silver patch, surface cracking, and russeting can negatively influence the tuber skin quality and marketability. It is well known that potato is a drought-sensitive plant. This study was conducted to determine whether irrigation would affect Dark Red Norland's yield and skin quality. A three-year field trial was conducted by Peak of the Market in Manitoba, Canada. Plants were treated under both irrigation and rainfed conditions. The results show that irrigation increased the total yield by 20.6% and reduced the severity of surface cracking by 48.5%. Microscopy imaging analysis demonstrated that tubers from the rainfed trials formed higher numbers of suberized cell layers than those of the irrigated potatoes, with a difference of 0.360 to 0.652 layers in normal skins. Surface cracking and silver patch skins had more suberized cell layers than the normal skins, with ranges of 7.805 to 8.333 and 7.740 to 8.496, respectively. A significantly higher amount of total polyphenols was found in the irrigated samples with a mean of 77.30 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (fw) than that of the rainfed samples (69.80 mg GAE/100 g fw). The outcome of this study provides a better understanding of the water regime effect causing these skin blemishes, which could potentially be used to establish strategies to improve tuber skin quality and minimize market losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Jiang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Darin Gibson
- Gaia Consulting Ltd., Newton, MB R0H 0X0, Canada
| | - Debbie Jones
- Gaia Consulting Ltd., Newton, MB R0H 0X0, Canada
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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10
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Antolín MC, Salinas E, Fernández A, Gogorcena Y, Pascual I, Irigoyen JJ, Goicoechea N. Prospecting the Resilience of Several Spanish Ancient Varieties of Red Grape under Climate Change Scenarios. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2929. [PMID: 36365382 PMCID: PMC9653837 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the response of four ancient grapevine varieties to high temperatures under different water availabilities, focusing on plant water relations, grape technological and phenolic maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of the must. METHODS The study was conducted on fruit-bearing cuttings grown in pots in temperature-gradient greenhouses. A two-factorial design was established where two temperature regimes, ambient and elevated (ambient + 4 °C), were combined with two water regimes, full irrigation and post-veraison deficit irrigation, during fruit ripening. RESULTS There were significant differences among the ancient varieties regarding plant water relations and fruit quality. CONCLUSION This research underlines the importance of evaluating the behavior of ancient grapevine varieties that could offer good options for the adaptation of viticulture to future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Antolín
- Plant Stress Physiology Group (Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza), Universidad de Navarra-BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salinas
- Plant Stress Physiology Group (Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza), Universidad de Navarra-BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández
- Plant Stress Physiology Group (Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza), Universidad de Navarra-BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gogorcena
- Genomics of Fruit Trees and Grapevine Group, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Plant Stress Physiology Group (Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza), Universidad de Navarra-BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Plant Stress Physiology Group (Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza), Universidad de Navarra-BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Plant Stress Physiology Group (Associated Unit to CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza), Universidad de Navarra-BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Ji T, Guo X, Wu F, Wei M, Li J, Ji P, Wang N, Yang F. Proper irrigation amount for eggplant cultivation in a solar greenhouse improved plant growth, fruit quality and yield by influencing the soil microbial community and rhizosphere environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981288. [PMID: 36212834 PMCID: PMC9537383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is a worldwide problem, and in order to obtain plenty of production, agricultural irrigation water accounts for a large portion. Many studies have shown that the interaction of root microorganisms and soil can promote crop growth. Developing ways to reduce irrigation to maintain soil fertility and ensure crop yield by regulating the root microenvironment is an important research goal. Here, we developed a reasonable irrigation plan for eggplant cultivation in a solar greenhouse. The maximum theoretical amount of water demand during eggplant planting obtained from a previous study was used as the control (CK), and the irrigation in the treatments was reduced by 10, 20 and 30% relative to this amount. The 10% irrigation reduction treatment (T1) significantly improved soil nutrients and increased soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities (p < 0.05). Further analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms revealed the highest richness and diversity of the microbial community under the T1 treatment, with Bacilli as the most abundant bacteria and Aspergillaceae as the most abundant fungi and lower relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria (p < 0.05). Changes in microbial community structure under the influence of different irrigation treatments resulted in improvements in rhizosphere N cycling and nutrient catabolism. The plant–microbe interactions led to significant increases in eggplant plant height, root vigour, root surface area, leaf chlorophyll a, leaf net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under the T1 treatment compared to the CK treatment; soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid contents in eggplant fruit increased by 10.8, 12.3 and 6.7%, respectively; and yield increased by 3.9%. Our research proved that the 10% irrigation reduction treatment (T1) could improve microbial community richness and fruit yield, which would improve irrigation efficiency and cost reduction in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Fengling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Facility Agricultural Engineering (Huang-Huai-Hai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crop (Huang-Huai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Ji
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ningxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ningxin Wang, ; Fengjuan Yang,
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crop (Huang-Huai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ningxin Wang, ; Fengjuan Yang,
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12
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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Effects on Water-Level Deficits on Tomato Polyphenol Composition, Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081585. [PMID: 36009305 PMCID: PMC9405155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes have high nutritional value and abundant bioactive compounds. Moderate water deficit irrigation alters metabolic levels of fruits, improving composition and quality. We investigated the effects of water deficit (T1, T2, T3, and T4) treatments and adequate irrigation (CK) on tomato polyphenol composition, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional quality. Compared with CK, the total flavonoid content increased by 33.66% and 44.73% in T1 and T2, and total phenols increased by 57.64%, 72.22%, and 55.78% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The T2 treatment significantly enhanced antioxidant’ capacities (ABTS, HSRA, FRAP, and DPPH). There were multiple groups of significant or extremely significant positive correlations between polyphenol components and antioxidant activity. For polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, the classification models divided the treatments: CK and T4 and T1−T3. The contents of soluble solids, soluble protein, vitamin C, and soluble sugar of the treatment groups were higher than those of CK. The soluble sugar positively correlated with sugar−acid ratios. In the PCA-based model, T3 in the first quadrant indicated the best treatment in terms of nutritional quality. Overall, comprehensive rankings using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed T2 > T1 > T3 > T4 > CK. Therefore, the T2 treatment is a suitable for improving quality and antioxidant capacity. This study provides novel insights into improving water-use efficiency and quality in the context of water scarcity worldwide.
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Fernández-López DJ, Fernández-Fernández JI, Martínez-Mora C, Bleda-Sánchez JA, Ruiz-García L. Productiveness and Berry Quality of New Wine Grape Genotypes Grown under Drought Conditions in a Semi-Arid Wine-Producing Mediterranean Region. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101363. [PMID: 35631788 PMCID: PMC9147143 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One alternative for adapting viticulture to high temperatures and the scarcity of water is the development of new varieties adapted to such conditions. This work describes six new genotypes, derived from “Monastrell” × “Cabernet Sauvignon” (MC16, MC19, MC72, MC80) and “Monastrell” × “Syrah” (MS104, MS49) crosses, grown under deficit irrigation and rainfed conditions in a semi-arid wine-producing area (Murcia, southeastern Spain). The effect of genotype, year, and irrigation treatment on the phenological, productiveness, morphological, and grape quality data was evaluated. The study material was obtained and selected as part of a breeding program run by the Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA). The results obtained show that under rainfed conditions, the values for productive variables decreased, while those referring to the phenolic content increased. Notable variation in the parameters evaluated was also seen for the different genotypes studied. The behavior of the genotypes MC80 and MS104 under rainfed conditions was noteworthy. In addition to maintaining very adequate yields, phenolic contents, must pH, and total acidity values, MC80 fell into the best ‘phenolic quality group’ and MS104 returned a low º°Baumé value, ideal for the production of low-alcohol-content wines. These genotypes could favor the development of sustainable quality viticulture in dry and hot areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Fernández-López
- Equipo de Mejora Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (D.J.F.-L.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - José Ignacio Fernández-Fernández
- Equipo de Enología y Viticultura, Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.F.-F.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - Celia Martínez-Mora
- Equipo de Mejora Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (D.J.F.-L.); (C.M.-M.)
| | - Juan Antonio Bleda-Sánchez
- Equipo de Enología y Viticultura, Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.F.-F.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - Leonor Ruiz-García
- Equipo de Mejora Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (D.J.F.-L.); (C.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Bottle Aging Affected Aromatic and Phenolic Wine Composition More than Yeast Starter Strains. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile and phenolic compounds play a key role in the sensory properties of wine, especially aroma and color. During fermentation, yeasts produce enzymes that affect the skin’s phenolic compounds extraction and synthesize some of the most important wine volatile compounds. Generally, selected yeasts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) strains are inoculated, which are responsible for carrying out the wine fermentation, enhancing and highlighting its sensory characteristics and contributing to help achieve the wine typicity, according to the winemaker’s criteria. After fermentation, all wines require aging in a bottle to modulate their composition and stability over time. Thus, four different Sc strains (Sc1–Sc4) were inoculated into tanks with Tempranillo grapes to carry out, in duplicate, their fermentation and subsequent aging in bottles (9 months), comparing the aromatic and phenolic composition between them. Results showed differences in the fermentation process (kinetic, ethanol yield), CI, TPI and content of alcohols, esters, anthocyanins, flavonols and flavanols in wines from the different Sc strains studied. Moreover, in the content in wines of most groups of aromas and phenols, except for total acetate esters and flavonols, aging in a bottle had more influence than the yeast strain used for fermentation.
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