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Lv Y, Yang L, Mao Z, Zhou M, Zhu B, Chen Y, Ding Z, Zhou F, Ye Y. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharides alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by modulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155917. [PMID: 39153275 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the interaction between keratinocytes and immune cells, leading to immune imbalance. While most current clinical treatment regimens offer rapid symptom relief, they often come with significant side effects. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharides (THP), which are naturally nontoxic, possess remarkable immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS In this study, we utilized an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model and a LPS/IL-6-stimulated HaCaT model. The potential and mechanism of action of THP in psoriasis treatment were assessed through methods including Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scoring, histopathology, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Percutaneous administration of THP significantly alleviated symptoms and manifestations in IMQ-induced psoriatic mice, including improvements in psoriatic skin appearance (erythema, folds, scales), histopathological changes, decreased PASI scores, and spleen index. Additionally, THP suppressed abnormal proliferation of Th17 cells and excessive proliferation and inflammation of keratinocytes. Furthermore, THP exhibited the ability to regulate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Findings from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that THP can inhibit abnormal cell proliferation and excessive inflammation in lesional skin, balance Th17 immune cells, and disrupt the interaction between keratinocytes and Th17 cells. This mechanism of action may involve the modulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, offering potential implications for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lv
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zian Mao
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Yujian Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Wu TJ, Jing X, Teng M, Pritchard KA, Day BW, Naylor S, Teng RJ. Role of Myeloperoxidase, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:889. [PMID: 39199135 PMCID: PMC11351552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung complication of premature births. The leading causes of BPD are oxidative stress (OS) from oxygen treatment, infection or inflammation, and mechanical ventilation. OS activates alveolar myeloid cells with subsequent myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated OS. Premature human neonates lack sufficient antioxidative capacity and are susceptible to OS. Unopposed OS elicits inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cellular senescence, culminating in a BPD phenotype. Poor nutrition, patent ductus arteriosus, and infection further aggravate OS. BPD survivors frequently suffer from reactive airway disease, neurodevelopmental deficits, and inadequate exercise performance and are prone to developing early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rats and mice are commonly used to study BPD, as they are born at the saccular stage, comparable to human neonates at 22-36 weeks of gestation. The alveolar stage in rats and mice starts at the postnatal age of 5 days. Because of their well-established antioxidative capacities, a higher oxygen concentration (hyperoxia, HOX) is required to elicit OS lung damage in rats and mice. Neutrophil infiltration and ER stress occur shortly after HOX, while cellular senescence is seen later. Studies have shown that MPO plays a critical role in the process. A novel tripeptide, N-acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine amide (KYC), a reversible MPO inhibitor, attenuates BPD effectively. In contrast, the irreversible MPO inhibitor-AZD4831-failed to provide similar efficacy. Interestingly, KYC cannot offer its effectiveness without the existence of MPO. We review the mechanisms by which this anti-MPO agent attenuates BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite C410, Children Corporate Center, 999N 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (T.-J.W.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Xigang Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite C410, Children Corporate Center, 999N 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (T.-J.W.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Michelle Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite C410, Children Corporate Center, 999N 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (T.-J.W.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Kirkwood A. Pritchard
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Billy W. Day
- ReNeuroGen LLC, 2160 San Fernando Dr, Elm Grove, WI 53122, USA; (B.W.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Stephen Naylor
- ReNeuroGen LLC, 2160 San Fernando Dr, Elm Grove, WI 53122, USA; (B.W.D.); (S.N.)
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite C410, Children Corporate Center, 999N 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (T.-J.W.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
- Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA;
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Yang Y, Chen X, Tian C, Fan B, An X, Liu Z, Li Q, Mi W, Lin Y, Zha D. Gene expression analysis of oxidative stress-related genes in the apical, middle, and basal turns of the cochlea. Gene Expr Patterns 2024; 51:119356. [PMID: 38432189 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2024.119356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
It can be observed from aminoglycoside-induced hair cell damage that the cochlea basal turn is more susceptible to trauma than the apex. Drug-induced hearing loss is closely related to oxidative damage. The basilar membrane directly exposed to these ototoxic drugs exhibits differences in damage, indicating that there is an inherent difference in the sensitivity to oxidative damage from the apex to the base of the cochlea. It has been reported that the morphology and characteristics of the cochlea vary from the apex to the base. Therefore, we investigated oxidative stress-related gene expression profiles in the apical, middle, and basal turns of the cochlea. The Oxidative Stress RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array revealed that three of the 84 genes (Mb, Mpo, and Ncf1) were upregulated in the middle turn compared to their level in the apical turn. Moreover, eight genes (Mb, Duox1, Ncf1, Ngb, Fmo2, Gpx3, Mpo, and Gstk1) were upregulated in the basal turn compared to their level in the apical turn. The qPCR verification data were similar to that of the PCR Array. We found that MPO was expressed in the rat cochlea and protected against gentamicin-induced hair cell death. This study summarized the data for the gradient of expression of oxidative stress-related genes in the cochlea and found potential candidate targets for prevention of ototoxic deafness, which may provide new insights for cochlear pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chaoyong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaogang An
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wenjuan Mi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Dingjun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Liao Y, Sun L, Nie M, Li J, Huang X, Heng S, Zhang W, Xia T, Guo Z, Zhao Q, Zhang LJ. Modulation of Skin Inflammatory Responses by Aluminum Adjuvant. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020576. [PMID: 36839900 PMCID: PMC9966661 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum salt (AS), one of the most commonly used vaccine adjuvants, has immuno-modulatory activity, but how the administration of AS alone may impact the activation of the skin immune system under inflammatory conditions has not been investigated. Here, we studied the therapeutic effect of AS injection on two distinct skin inflammatory mouse models: an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like model and an MC903 (calcipotriol)-induced atopic dermatitis-like model. We found that injection of a high dose of AS not only suppressed the IMQ-mediated development of T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 17 (Th17) immune responses but also inhibited the IMQ-mediated recruitment and/or activation of neutrophils and macrophages. In contrast, AS injection enhanced MC903-mediated development of the T-helper 2 (Th2) immune response and neutrophil recruitment. Using an in vitro approach, we found that AS treatment inhibited Th1 but promoted Th2 polarization of primary lymphocytes, and inhibited activation of peritoneal macrophages but not bone marrow derived neutrophils. Together, our results suggest that the injection of a high dose of AS may inhibit Th1 and Th17 immune response-driven skin inflammation but promote type 2 immune response-driven skin inflammation. These results may provide a better understanding of how vaccination with an aluminum adjuvant alters the skin immune response to external insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Lixiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Meifeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Shujun Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Zhuolin Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (L.-j.Z.)
| | - Ling-juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (L.-j.Z.)
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Park J, Son MJ, Ho CC, Lee SH, Kim Y, An J, Lee SK. Transcriptional inhibition of STAT1 functions in the nucleus alleviates Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054472. [PMID: 36591260 PMCID: PMC9800178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 1 cells (Th1 cells) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) regulates the Th1 and Th17 cell lineage commitment at an early stage and maintains their immunological functions in vitro and in vivo. The previous strategies to block STAT1 functions to treat autoimmune diseases inhibit Th1 cell activity but simultaneously cause hyper-activation of Th17 cells. Herein, to modulate the functions of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells without genetic modification in normal physiological conditions, we generated the nucleus-deliverable form of the transcription modulation domain of STAT1 (ndSTAT1-TMD), which can be transduced into the nucleus of the target cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting the cell viability and T cell activation signaling events. ndSTAT1-TMD significantly blocked the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1 or Th17 cells via competitive inhibition of endogenous STAT1-mediated transcription, which did not influence Th2 and Treg cell differentiation. When the gene expression profile of Th1 or Th17 cells after ndSTAT1-TMD treatment was analyzed by mRNA sequencing, the expression of the genes involved in the differentiation capacity and the immunological functions of Th1 or Th17 cells were substantially reduced. The therapeutic potential of ndSTAT1-TMD was tested in the animal model of psoriasis and colitis, whose pathogenesis is mainly contributed by Th1 or/and Th17 cells. The symptoms and progression of psoriasis and colitis were significantly alleviated by ndSTAT1-TMD treatment, comparable to anti-IL-17A antibody treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that ndSTAT1-TMD can be a new therapeutic reagent for Th1/17 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases by modulating the functions of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Son
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun-Chang Ho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyeung An
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
- Good T Cells, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
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Myeloperoxidase as a Marker to Differentiate Mouse Monocyte/Macrophage Subsets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158246. [PMID: 35897821 PMCID: PMC9330004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in every tissue in the body and play essential roles in homeostasis and host defense against microorganisms. Some tissue macrophages derive from the yolk sac/fetal liver that populate tissues for life. Other tissue macrophages derive from monocytes that differentiate in the bone marrow and circulate through tissues via the blood and lymphatics. Circulating monocytes are very plastic and differentiate into macrophages with specialized functions upon entering tissues. Specialized monocyte/macrophage subsets have been difficult to differentiate based on cell surface markers. Here, using a combination of "pan" monocyte/macrophage markers and flow cytometry, we asked whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) could be used as a marker of pro-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage subsets. MPO is of interest because of its potent microbicidal activity. In wild-type SPF housed mice, we found that MPO+ monocytes/macrophages were present in peripheral blood, spleen, small and large intestines, and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not the central nervous system. Only monocytes/macrophages that expressed cell surface F4/80 and/or Ly6C co-expressed MPO with the highest expression in F4/80HiLy6CHi subsets regardless of tissue. These cumulative data indicate that MPO expression can be used as an additional marker to differentiate between monocyte/macrophage subsets with pro-inflammatory and microbicidal activity in a variety of tissues.
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Mai Y, Ouyang Y, Yu M, Qin Y, Girardi M, Saltzman WM, Cocco E, Zhao C, Yu L, Jia Y, Xiao L, Dou L, Deng W, Liu Y, Xie J, Deng Y. Topical formulation based on disease-specific nanoparticles for single-dose cure of psoriasis. J Control Release 2022; 349:354-366. [PMID: 35817278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
First-line treatments for mild to moderate psoriasis are typically topical formulations containing corticosteroids, however, the therapeutic efficacy of these formulations is compromised by limited penetration and skin retention. Even more challenging, off-target corticosteroids are known to adversely affect healthy skin, including induction of epidermal and dermal atrophy. Here, we report a nanoparticle-based topical formulation that cures psoriasis in a single dose, but leaves healthy skin intact. Specifically, we developed tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-modified bioadhesive nanoparticles (Tris-BNPs) that exploit the high permeability characteristic of psoriasis to penetrate only psoriatic skin but not the healthy skin. Furthermore, as Tris-BNPs diffuse and penetrate into the epidermis, the Tris molecules slowly diffuse away, exposing the aldehyde groups of BNPs, which can bind to amine groups present within lesional skin, leading to long local retention of BNPs in lesions of psoriatic skin. The accumulated BNPs within lesions release corticosteroids over a ~ 3 day period to maintain local drug concentration above the therapeutic level. In addition to deeper penetration and longer retention compared with commercial psoriasis treatments, the topical applied Tris-BNPs were not affected by sweating, humidity, or active wiping due to their preferential accumulation between the stratum corneum and the basal cells of the epidermis. Overall, Tris-BNP as a topical formulation hold promise to overcome the limitations of current psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaqi Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yujia Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Emiliano Cocco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liu Dou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Snell JA, Jandova J, Wondrak GT. Hypochlorous Acid: From Innate Immune Factor and Environmental Toxicant to Chemopreventive Agent Targeting Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887220. [PMID: 35574306 PMCID: PMC9106365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of extrinsic environmental factors (referred to in their entirety as the 'skin exposome') impact structure and function of skin and its corresponding cellular components. The complex (i.e. additive, antagonistic, or synergistic) interactions between multiple extrinsic (exposome) and intrinsic (biological) factors are important determinants of skin health outcomes. Here, we review the role of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an emerging component of the skin exposome serving molecular functions as an innate immune factor, environmental toxicant, and topical chemopreventive agent targeting solar UV-induced skin cancer. HOCl [and its corresponding anion (OCl-; hypochlorite)], a weak halogen-based acid and powerful oxidant, serves two seemingly unrelated molecular roles: (i) as an innate immune factor [acting as a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived microbicidal factor] and (ii) as a chemical disinfectant used in freshwater processing on a global scale, both in the context of drinking water safety and recreational freshwater use. Physicochemical properties (including redox potential and photon absorptivity) determine chemical reactivity of HOCl towards select biochemical targets [i.e. proteins (e.g. IKK, GRP78, HSA, Keap1/NRF2), lipids, and nucleic acids], essential to its role in innate immunity, antimicrobial disinfection, and therapeutic anti-inflammatory use. Recent studies have explored the interaction between solar UV and HOCl-related environmental co-exposures identifying a heretofore unrecognized photo-chemopreventive activity of topical HOCl and chlorination stress that blocks tumorigenic inflammatory progression in UV-induced high-risk SKH-1 mouse skin, a finding with potential implications for the prevention of human nonmelanoma skin photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R.K. Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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