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Nikhil S, Mohideen HS, Sella RN. Unveiling the Genomic Symphony: Identification Cultivar-Specific Genes and Enhanced Insights on Sweet Sorghum Genomes Through Comprehensive superTranscriptomic Analysis. J Mol Evol 2024:10.1007/s00239-024-10198-5. [PMID: 39261311 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a multipurpose crop grown for food, fodder, and bioenergy production. Its cultivated varieties, along with their wild counterparts, contribute to the core genetic pool. Despite the availability of several re-sequenced sorghum genomes, a variable portion of sorghum genomes is not reported during reference genome assembly and annotation. The present analysis used 223 publicly available RNA-seq datasets from seven sweet sorghum cultivars to construct superTranscriptome. This approach yielded 45,864 Representative Transcript Assemblies (RTAs) that showcased intriguing Presence/Absence Variation (PAV) across 15 published sorghum genomes. We found 301 superTranscripts were exclusive to sweet sorghum, including 58 de novo genes encoded core and linker histones, zinc finger domains, glucosyl transferases, cellulose synthase, etc. The superTranscriptome added 2,802 new protein-coding genes to the Sweet Sorghum Reference Genome (SSRG), of which 559 code for different transcription factors (TFs). Our analysis revealed that MULE-like transposases were abundant in the sweet sorghum genome and could play a hidden role in the evolution of sweet sorghum. We observed large deletions in the D locus and terminal deletions in four other NAC encoding loci in the SSRG compared to its wild progenitor (353) suggesting non-functional NAC genes contributed to trait development in sweet sorghum. Moreover, superTranscript-based methods for Differential Exon Usage (DEU) and Differential Gene Expression (DGE) analyses were more accurate than those based on the SSRG. This study demonstrates that the superTranscriptome can enhance our understanding of fundamental sorghum mechanisms, improve genome annotations, and potentially even replace the reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinde Nikhil
- Membrane Protein Interaction Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Habeeb Shaikh Mohideen
- Entomoinformatics Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Raja Natesan Sella
- Membrane Protein Interaction Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Aizaz M, Lubna, Jan R, Asaf S, Bilal S, Kim KM, Al-Harrasi A. Regulatory Dynamics of Plant Hormones and Transcription Factors under Salt Stress. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:673. [PMID: 39336100 PMCID: PMC11429359 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The negative impacts of soil salinization on ion homeostasis provide a significant global barrier to agricultural production and development. Plant physiology and biochemistry are severely affected by primary and secondary NaCl stress impacts, which damage cellular integrity, impair water uptake, and trigger physiological drought. Determining how transcriptional factors (TFs) and hormone networks are regulated in plants in response to salt stress is necessary for developing crops that tolerate salt. This study investigates the complex mechanisms of several significant TF families that influence plant responses to salt stress, involving AP2/ERF, bZIP, NAC, MYB, and WRKY. It demonstrates how these transcription factors (TFs) help plants respond to the detrimental effects of salinity by modulating gene expression through mechanisms including hormone signaling, osmotic stress pathway activation, and ion homeostasis. Additionally, it explores the hormonal imbalances triggered by salt stress, which entail complex interactions among phytohormones like jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA) within the hormonal regulatory networks. This review highlights the regulatory role of key transcription factors in salt-stress response, and their interaction with plant hormones is crucial for developing genome-edited crops that can enhance agricultural sustainability and address global food security challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
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Prusty A, Panchal A, Singh RK, Prasad M. Major transcription factor families at the nexus of regulating abiotic stress response in millets: a comprehensive review. PLANTA 2024; 259:118. [PMID: 38592589 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Millets stand out as a sustainable crop with the potential to address the issues of food insecurity and malnutrition. These small-seeded, drought-resistant cereals have adapted to survive a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses. Researchers are keen on unravelling the regulatory mechanisms that empower millets to withstand environmental adversities. The aim is to leverage these identified genetic determinants from millets for enhancing the stress tolerance of major cereal crops through genetic engineering or breeding. This review sheds light on transcription factors (TFs) that govern diverse abiotic stress responses and play role in conferring tolerance to various abiotic stresses in millets. Specifically, the molecular functions and expression patterns of investigated TFs from various families, including bHLH, bZIP, DREB, HSF, MYB, NAC, NF-Y and WRKY, are comprehensively discussed. It also explores the potential of TFs in developing stress-tolerant crops, presenting a comprehensive discussion on diverse strategies for their integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Prusty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anurag Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Roshan Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, Garh Kamalpur, West Bengal, 721628, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito-Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Malik A, Mor VS, Punia H, Duhan DS, Bhuker A, Tokas J, El-Sheikh MA, Shah T. Investigating Mineral Accumulation and Seed Vigor Potential in Bottle Gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria) through Crossbreeding Timing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3998. [PMID: 38068633 PMCID: PMC10707742 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a well-known cucurbit with an active functional ingredient. A two-year field experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU, Hisar, in a randomized block design during the Kharif season (Kharif is one of the two major cropping seasons in India and other South Asian countries, heavily reliant on monsoon rains with the other being Rabi) and the summer season. Five different crossing periods (CP), viz. CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4, and CP5, were considered to illustrate the effects of agro-climatic conditions on the quality and biochemical components of two bottle gourd parental lines and one hybrid, HBGH-35. The average mean temperature for the Kharif season in 2017 was 31.7 °C, and for the summer season, it was 40.1 °C. Flowers were tagged weekly from the start of the crossing period until the end and harvested separately at different times. The fruits harvested from different crossing periods under different environmental conditions influenced the bottle gourd's qualitative and biochemical traits and showed significant variations among the five crossing period environments. A positive significance and correlation were observed between weather variables and different biochemical characteristics. Henceforth, the CP4 crossing period at a temperature of 31.7 °C retained high-quality seed development, which may be essential in enhancing agricultural productivity and the national economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Sciences, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - D. S. Duhan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Shah
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Theodor-Leiserstr 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Bhuker A, Malik A, Punia H, McGill C, Sofkova-Bobcheva S, Mor VS, Singh N, Ahmad A, Mansoor S. Probing the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera under Ideal Germination Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3010. [PMID: 37631221 PMCID: PMC10459117 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a rich source of polyphenols whose contents and profile may vary according to environmental conditions, harvest season, and plant tissue. The present study aimed to characterize the profile of phenolic compounds in different tissues of M. oleifera grown under different temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C), using HPLC/MS, as well as their constituent phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylenebenzothiozoline-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The polyphenolic compounds were mainly found in the leaves at 30 °C. UPLC/QTOF-MS allowed for the identification of 34 polyphenolic components in seedlings, primarily consisting of glucosides, phenols, flavonoids, and methoxy flavones. At 30 °C, the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes were the highest in leaves, followed by seedlings and then seeds. The leaf and seed extracts also exhibited a greater accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, and carotenoids, as measured by the inhibition of ROS production. We found that changes in the expression levels of the validated candidate genes Cu/Zn-SOD, APX, GPP, and TPS lead to significant differences in the germination rate and biochemical changes. These findings demonstrate that M. oleifera plants have high concentrations of phytochemicals and antioxidants, making them an excellent choice for further research to determine their use as health-promoting dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Department of Sciences, Chandigarh School of Business, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri 140307, Mohali, India
| | - Craig McGill
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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Peng Z, Rehman A, Li X, Jiang X, Tian C, Wang X, Li H, Wang Z, He S, Du X. Comprehensive Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Salt Tolerance Mechanism in Semi-Wild Cotton ( Gossypium purpurascens). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12853. [PMID: 37629034 PMCID: PMC10454576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated salinity significantly threatens cotton growth, particularly during the germination and seedling stages. The utilization of primitive species of Gossypium hirsutum, specifically Gossypium purpurascens, has the potential to facilitate the restoration of genetic diversity that has been depleted due to selective breeding in modern cultivars. This investigation evaluated 45 G. purpurascens varieties and a salt-tolerant cotton variety based on 34 morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators and comprehensive salt tolerance index values. This study effectively identified a total of 19 salt-tolerant and two salt-resistant varieties. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing of a salt-tolerant genotype (Nayanmian-2; NY2) and a salt-sensitive genotype (Sanshagaopao-2; GP2) revealed 2776, 6680, 4660, and 4174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under 0.5, 3, 12, and 24 h of salt stress. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs exhibited significant enrichment in biological processes like metabolic (GO:0008152) and cellular (GO:0009987) processes. MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signaling, photosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism were identified as key KEGG pathways involved in salinity stress. Among the DEGs, including NAC, MYB, WRKY, ERF, bHLH, and bZIP, transcription factors, receptor-like kinases, and carbohydrate-active enzymes were crucial in salinity tolerance. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) unveiled associations of salt-tolerant genotypes with flavonoid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathways. Identifying nine hub genes (MYB4, MYB105, MYB36, bZIP19, bZIP43, FRS2 SMARCAL1, BBX21, F-box) across various intervals offered insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of salt tolerance in G. purpurascens. This study lays the groundwork for understanding the important pathways and gene networks in response to salt stress, thereby providing a foundation for enhancing salt tolerance in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Xiawen Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Xuran Jiang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Chunyan Tian
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongge Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Shoupu He
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.P.); (A.R.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (C.T.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhao F, Zhang X, Li W, Huang J, Pei X, Ren X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Ma X, Yang D. Roles of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Derivatives in Salt Tolerance of Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119517. [PMID: 37298464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that restricts cotton growth and affects fiber yield and quality. Although studies on salt tolerance have achieved great progress in cotton since the completion of cotton genome sequencing, knowledge about how cotton copes with salt stress is still scant. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) plays important roles in many organelles with the help of the SAM transporter, and it is also a synthetic precursor for substances such as ethylene (ET), polyamines (PAs), betaine, and lignin, which often accumulate in plants in response to stresses. This review focused on the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of ET and PAs. The current progress of ET and PAs in regulating plant growth and development under salt stress has been summarized. Moreover, we verified the function of a cotton SAM transporter and suggested that it can regulate salt stress response in cotton. At last, an improved regulatory pathway of ET and PAs under salt stress in cotton is proposed for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Fuyong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Junsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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8
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Malik A, Mor VS, Punia H, Duhan DS, Tokas J, Bhuker A, Alyemeni MN, Shakoor A. Development and Optimization of Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics under Different Crossing Periods of Bottle Gourd. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1349-1372. [PMID: 36826033 PMCID: PMC9955185 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bottle gourd, a common vegetable in the human diet, has been valued for its medicinal and energetic properties. In this experiment, the time-resolved analysis of the changes in the proteins' electrophoretic patterning of the seed development at different crossing periods was studied in bottle gourd using label-free quantitative proteomics. Hybrid HBGH-35 had the highest observed protein levels at the 4th week of the crossing period (F4) compared to the parental lines, viz. G-2 (M) and Pusa Naveen (F). The crossing period is significantly correlated with grain filling and reserve accumulation. The observed protein expression profile after storage was related to seed maturation and grain filling in bottle gourds. A total of 2517 proteins were identified in differentially treated bottle gourd fruits, and 372 proteins were differentially expressed between different crossing periods. Proteins related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis, cell stress response, and fruit firmness were characterized and quantified. Some proteins were involved in the development, while others were engaged in desiccation and the early grain-filling stage. F4 was distinguished by an increase in the accumulation of low molecular weight proteins and enzymes such as amylase, a serine protease, and trypsin inhibitors. The seed vigor also followed similar patterns of differential expression of seed storage proteins. Our findings defined a new window during seed production, which showed that at F4, maximum photosynthetic assimilates accumulated, resulting in an enhanced source-sink relationship and improved seed production. Our study attempts to observe the protein expression profiling pattern under different crossing periods using label-free quantitative proteomics in bottle gourd. It will facilitate future detailed investigation of the protein associated with quality traits and the agronomic importance of bottle gourd through selective breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
- Correspondence: (V.S.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
- Correspondence: (V.S.M.); (H.P.)
| | - D. S. Duhan
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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9
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Malik S, Chaudhary K, Malik A, Punia H, Sewhag M, Berkesia N, Nagora M, Kalia S, Malik K, Kumar D, Kumar P, Kamboj E, Ahlawat V, Kumar A, Boora K. Superabsorbent Polymers as a Soil Amendment for Increasing Agriculture Production with Reducing Water Losses under Water Stress Condition. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010161. [PMID: 36616513 PMCID: PMC9824677 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasing population, world agriculture is facing many challenges, such as climate change, urbanization, the use of natural resources in a sustainable manner, runoff losses, and the accumulation of pesticides and fertilizers. The global water shortage is a crisis for agriculture, because drought is one of the natural disasters that affect the farmers as well as their country's social, economic, and environmental status. The application of soil amendments is a strategy to mitigate the adverse impact of drought stress. The development of agronomic strategies enabling the reduction in drought stress in cultivated crops is, therefore, a crucial priority. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can be used as an amendment for soil health improvement, ultimately improving water holding capacity and plant available water. These are eco-friendly and non-toxic materials, which have incredible water absorption ability and water holding capacity in the soil because of their unique biochemical and structural properties. Polymers can retain water more than their weight in water and achieve approximately 95% water release. SAP improve the soil like porosity (0.26-6.91%), water holding capacity (5.68-17.90%), and reduce nitrogen leaching losses from soil by up to 45%. This review focuses on the economic assessment of the adoption of superabsorbent polymers and brings out the discrepancies associated with the influence of SAPs application in the context of different textured soil, presence of drought, and their adoption by farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Malik
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Kautilya Chaudhary
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Chandigarh Group of Business, Department of Agriculture, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
- Chandigarh Group of Business, Department of Sciences, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.P.)
| | - Meena Sewhag
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Berkesia
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Mehak Nagora
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Sonika Kalia
- Chandigarh Group of Business, Department of Sciences, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Kamla Malik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Ekta Kamboj
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Ahlawat
- Department Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department Pathology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Kavita Boora
- Department Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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10
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Wu Y, Liu J, Zhou G. Whole-transcriptome analyses of Sorghum leaves identify key mRNAs and ncRNAs associated with GA 3-mediated alleviation of salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1071657. [PMID: 36531388 PMCID: PMC9754216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1071657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum has recently attracted much attention for its tolerance in high salt environment. However, the effect and regulatory mechanism of the gibberellic acid (GA3)-mediated alleviation of salt stress in sorghum remains unclear. Herein, we reported that a GA3 concentration of 50 mg/L is optimal for sorghum ("Jitian 3") development under salt stress. We conducted a whole-transcriptome analysis between GA3-treated and control sorghum leaves under salt stress, and we identified 1002 differentially expressed (DE)-messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 81 DE-long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 7 DE-circular RNAs (circRNAs), and 26 DE-microRNA (miRNAs) in sorghum following GA3 treatment. We also identified a majority of DE-mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) targets that serve essential roles in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone networks. In addition, we generated a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-miRNA-target gene network, and 3 circRNAs (circRNA_2746, circRNA_6515, circRNA_5622), 4 lncRNAs (XR_002450182.1, XR_002452422.1, XR_002448510.1, XR_002448296.1) and 4 genes (LOC8056546, LOC8062245, LOC8061469, LOC8071960) probably act as valuable candidates for the regulation of the GA3-mediated alleviation of salt stress in sorghum. Our findings uncovered potential mRNA and non-coding RNAs that contribute to GA3 regulation, thus offering a basis for the future investigation of underlying mechanisms of salt stress in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Shen J, Wu Z, Yin L, Chen S, Cai Z, Geng X, Wang D. Physiological basis and differentially expressed genes in the salt tolerance mechanism of Thalassia hemprichii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975251. [PMID: 36518512 PMCID: PMC9742478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass plays a vital role in the stability of marine ecology. The human development of marine resources has greatly affected the survival of seagrass. Seawater salinity is one of the important factors affecting its survival. Seagrass can survive in high saline environments for a long time and has evolved a variety of effective tolerance mechanisms. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance by seagrass. Thalassia hemprichii is a seagrass species with a global distribution. It is also an ecologically important plant species in coastal waters. Nevertheless, the continuous environmental deterioration has gradually reduced the ecological niche of seagrasses. In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity changes on T. hemprichii. The result showed that the optimal salinity for T. hemprichii is 25 to 35 PSU. Although it can survive under high and low salinity, high mortality rates are common in such environments. Further analyses revealed that high salinity induces growth and developmental retardation in T. hemprichii and further causes yellowing. The parenchyma cells in T. hemprichii also collapse, the structure changes, soluble sugar accumulates rapidly, soluble proteins accumulate rapidly, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content reduces, and lipid peroxidation reduces in plant membranes. The molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance differ significantly between marine and terrestrial plants. We found 319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These genes regulate transport and metabolism, promoting environmental adaptation. The expression of these genes changed rapidly upon exposure of T. hemprichii to salinity stress for three hours. This is the first report on the physiological and biochemical changes and gene expression regulation of T. hemprichii under different salinity conditions. The findings of this study well deepen our understanding of T. hemprichii adaptations to changes in the shoal living environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongjie Wu
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Sanya, China
| | - Shiquan Chen
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zefu Cai
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Geng
- Key laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Sanya, China
| | - Daoru Wang
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
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12
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Zhao Y, Zhai G, Li X, Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Wang F, Hong G, Zhu Y. Metabolomics Reveals Nutritional Diversity among Six Coarse Cereals and Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Grain Sorghum and Sweet Sorghum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101984. [PMID: 36290708 PMCID: PMC9598553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coarse cereals are rich in dietary fiber, B vitamins, minerals, secondary metabolites, and other bioactive components, which exert numerous health benefits. To better understand the diversity of metabolites in different coarse cereals, we performed widely targeted metabolic profiling analyses of six popular coarse cereals, millet, coix, buckwheat, quinoa, oat, and grain sorghum, of which 768 metabolites are identified. Moreover, quinoa and buckwheat showed significantly different metabolomic profiles compared with other coarse cereals. Analysis of the accumulation patterns of common nutritional metabolites among six coarse cereals, we found that the accumulation of carbohydrates follows a conserved pattern in the six coarse cereals, while those of amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids, and lipids were complementary. Furthermore, the species-specific metabolites in each coarse cereal were identified, and the neighbor-joining tree for the six coarse cereals was constructed based on the metabolome data. Since sorghum contains more species-specific metabolites and occupies a unique position on the neighbor-joining tree, the metabolite differences between grain sorghum 654 and sweet sorghum LTR108 were finally compared specifically, revealing that LTR108 contained more flavonoids and had higher antioxidant activity than 654. Our work supports an overview understanding of nutrient value in different coarse cereals, which provides the metabolomic evidence for the healthy diet. Additionally, the superior antioxidant activity of sweet sorghum provides clues for its targeted uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guowei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xuetong Li
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Han Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
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13
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Sheikh-Mohamadi MH, Etemadi N, Aalifar M, Pessarakli M. Salt stress triggers augmented levels of Na +, K + and ROS alters salt-related gene expression in leaves and roots of tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:9-22. [PMID: 35533640 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In turfgrass breeding, competent grass ecotypes are preferably identified for their resistance to salinity condition. This research was designed to explore genes that induce salt resistance (NHX1, NHX2, HKT1;4, SnRK2.4 and NAC9) and their role in physiological modifications of six tall wheatgrass ecotypes (Agropyron elongatum L.). The sites of sample collection were characterized by different levels of salinity, i.e. low (EC: 4 dS m-1 and pH: 6.5), moderate (EC: 7 dS m-1 and pH: 6.5) and high (EC: 12 dS m-1 and pH: 7.5). This study was designed as a split-plot in a randomized complete block where salinity treatments served as the whole-plot factor and ecotypes served as the subplot factor. The ecotypes were screened for their resistance to salinity, based on visual symptoms, salt injury index, physiological features and biochemical parameters. The results revealed that ecotype 'AE5' was most resistant to salinity than other ecotypes, whereas 'AE3' was the most susceptible. To understand why these differences occurred, measurements were aimed at revealing mRNA levels that resulted from genes responsible for salt resistance. Our results demonstrated that salinity-resistant ecotypes showed high expression levels of several genes, i.e. NHX1, NHX2, HKT1;4, SnRK2.4 and NAC9 in the leaves and roots. These results were corroborated by a decrease (by 1.5-2.5 times) in stress markers, namely, superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as an increase (by 0.5-7 times) in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in salinity-resistant ecotypes when the plants were exposed to salinity. We observed higher values of initial root length and lateral root density (21% and 18%, respectively) in salinity-resistant ecotypes under salinity condition, compared to other ecotypes. There were lower expression levels of NHX1 and NHX2 in the roots, which were 3.2 and 2.1 times less, respectively, compared to the leaves. This implied that NHX1 and NHX2 expressions can lead to the sequestration of Na+ in the leaves during salinity condition. The current research revealed that HKT1;4 was more able to restrict Na + accumulation, compared to the actions of NHX1 and NHX2 genes. The over-expression of HKT1;4 in 'AE5' allowed a better maintenance of root growth during salinity condition. The expression of NAC9 had an increase of 2.1-fold which correlated with an increase in the amount of antioxidant enzymes. In general, the location of sample collection explained the differences in gene expression, especially regarding the extent to which plants respond to salinity condition. Ultimately, these differences can define physiological features in salinity-resistant and salinity-susceptible ecotypes of tall wheatgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nematollah Etemadi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Aalifar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
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14
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Zhao C, Bao Z, Feng H, Chen L, Li Q. Nitric oxide enhances resistance of Pleurotus eryngii to cadmium stress by alleviating oxidative damage and regulating of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53036-53049. [PMID: 35278180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The function and mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating Pleurotus eryngii biological response to cadmium (Cd) stress was evaluated by using anti-oxidation and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family analysis. The fresh biomass of P. eryngii mycelia sharply decreased after treatment with 50 µM Cd; the lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation in P. eryngii were found responsible for it. Proper exogenous supply of NO (150 µM SNP) alleviated the oxidative damage induced by Cd stress in P. eryngii, which reduced the accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase) were significantly increased to deal with Cd stress when treated with SNP (150 µM), and the content of proline was also closely related to NO-mediated reduction of Cd toxicity. Moreover, SDR family members were widely involved in the response to Cd stress, especially PleSCH70 gene was observed for the first time in participating in NO-mediated enhancement of Cd tolerance in P. eryngii. Taken together, this study provides new insights in understanding the tolerance mechanisms of P. eryngii to heavy metal and lays a foundation for molecular breeding of P. eryngii to improve its tolerance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, 2025 # Chengluo Avenue, , Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, 2025 # Chengluo Avenue, , Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanchai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, 2025 # Chengluo Avenue, , Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Punia H, Tokas J, Malik A, Bajguz A, El-Sheikh MA, Ahmad P. Ascorbate-Glutathione Oxidant Scavengers, Metabolome Analysis and Adaptation Mechanisms of Ion Exclusion in Sorghum under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13249. [PMID: 34948045 PMCID: PMC8704531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major significant restrictions that hamper plant development and agriculture ecosystems worldwide. Novel climate-adapted cultivars and stress tolerance-enhancing molecules are increasingly appreciated to mitigate the detrimental impacts of adverse stressful conditions. Sorghum is a valuable source of food and a potential model for exploring and understanding salt stress dynamics in cereals and for gaining a better understanding of their physiological pathways. Herein, we evaluate the antioxidant scavengers, photosynthetic regulation, and molecular mechanism of ion exclusion transporters in sorghum genotypes under saline conditions. A pot experiment was conducted in two sorghum genotypes viz. SSG 59-3 and PC-5 in a climate-controlled greenhouse under different salt concentrations (60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl). Salinity drastically affected the photosynthetic machinery by reducing the accumulation of chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. SSG 59-3 alleviated the adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, GST, DHAR, MDHAR, GSH, ASC, proline, GB), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via the concomitant upregulation of SbSOS1, SbSOS2, and SbNHX-2 and SbV-Ppase-II ion transporter genes in sorghum genotypes. Overall, these results suggest that Na+ ions were retained and detoxified, and less stress impact was observed in mature and younger leaves. Based on the above, we deciphered that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, photosynthetic assimilates and antioxidant potential, and the upregulation of ion transporter genes and may be utilized in the development of resistant sorghum lines in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (P.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (P.A.)
- Department of Botany, Goverment Degree College, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Punia H, Tokas J, Mor VS, Bhuker A, Malik A, Singh N, Satpal, Alsahli AA, Hefft DI. Deciphering Reserve Mobilization, Antioxidant Potential, and Expression Analysis of Starch Synthesis in Sorghum Seedlings under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2463. [PMID: 34834826 PMCID: PMC8623787 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major constraints affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. Sorghum is a valuable food source and a potential model for studying and better understanding the salt stress mechanics in the cereals and obtaining a more comprehensive knowledge of their cellular responses. Herein, we examined the effects of salinity on reserve mobilization, antioxidant potential, and expression analysis of starch synthesis genes. Our findings show that germination percentage is adversely affected by all salinity levels, more remarkably at 120 mM (36% reduction) and 140 mM NaCl (46% reduction) than in the control. Lipid peroxidation increased in salt-susceptible genotypes (PC-5: 2.88 and CSV 44F: 2.93 nmloe/g.FW), but not in tolerant genotypes. SSG 59-3 increased activities of α-amylase, and protease enzymes corroborated decreased starch and protein content, respectively. SSG 59-3 alleviated adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, and GPX), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) was also observed in SSG 59-3 with proline, ascorbic acid, and total carbohydrates. Among inorganic cations and anions, Na+, Cl-, and SO42- increased, whereas K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ decreased significantly. SSG 59-3 had a less pronounced effect of excess Na+ ions on the gene expression of starch synthesis. Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via concomitant upregulation of SbNHX-1 and SbVPPase-I ion transporter genes. Thus, we have highlighted that salinity physiologically and biochemically affect sorghum seedling growth. Based on these findings, we highlighted that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, antioxidant potential, and upregulation of ion transporter genes and starch synthesis, thereby alleviating stress, which may be augmented as genetic resources to establish sorghum cultivars with improved quality in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Virender Singh Mor
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Axay Bhuker
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India; (V.S.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Satpal
- Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India;
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- Department of Food Sciences, University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
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