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Zheng F, Ye C, Lei JZ, Ge R, Li N, Bo JH, Chen AD, Zhang F, Zhou H, Wang JJ, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Han Y. Intervention of Asprosin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neointima Formation in Vascular Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:488-504. [PMID: 38814824 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Asprosin, a newly discovered hormone, is linked to insulin resistance. This study shows the roles of asprosin in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and neointima formation of vascular injury. Methods: Mouse aortic VSMCs were cultured, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was used to induce oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration in VSMCs. Vascular injury was induced by repeatedly moving a guidewire in the lumen of the carotid artery in mice. Results: Asprosin overexpression promoted VSMC oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration, which were attenuated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockdown, antioxidant (N-Acetylcysteine, NAC), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor ML171, or NOX2 inhibitor GSK2795039. Asprosin overexpression increased NOX1/2 expressions, whereas asprosin knockdown increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) expressions. Asprosin inhibited nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Nrf2 activator sulforaphane increased HO-1 and NQO-1 expressions and prevented asprosin-induced NOX1/2 upregulation, oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration. Exogenous asprosin protein had similar roles to asprosin overexpression. PDGF-BB increased asprosin expressions. PDGF-BB-induced oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration were enhanced by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 but attenuated by asprosin knockdown. Vascular injury increased asprosin expression. Local asprosin knockdown in the injured carotid artery promoted HO-1 and NQO-1 expressions but attenuated the NOX1 and NOX2 upregulation, oxidative stress, neointima formation, and vascular remodeling in mice. Innovation and Conclusion: Asprosin promotes oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration of VSMCs via TLR4-Nrf2-mediated redox imbalance. Inhibition of asprosin expression attenuates VSMC proliferation and migration, oxidative stress, and neointima formation in the injured artery. Asprosin might be a promising therapeutic target for vascular injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 41, 488-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Bo
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Fu LY, Yang Y, Li RJ, Issotina Zibrila A, Tian H, Jia XY, Qiao JA, Wu JM, Qi J, Yu XJ, Kang YM. Activation AMPK in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Improves Renovascular Hypertension Through ERK1/2-NF-κB Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:904-917. [PMID: 39008239 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a globally prevalent disease, but the pathogenesis remains largely unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a nutrition-sensitive signal of cellular energy metabolism, which has a certain influence on the development of hypertension. Previously, we found a down-regulation of the phosphorylated (p-) form of AMPK, and the up-regulation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) and that of p-ERK1/2 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypertensive rats. However, the exact mechanism underlying the relationship between AMPK and AT1-R in the PVN during hypertension remains unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that AMPK modulates AT1-R through the ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway in the PVN, thereby inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and improving hypertension. To examine this hypothesis, we employed a renovascular hypertensive animal model developed via two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) and sham-operated (SHAM). Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), used as vehicle, or 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR, an AMPK activator, 60 μg/day) was microinjected bilaterally in the PVN of these rats for 4 weeks. In 2K1C rats, there an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and circulating norepinephrine (NE). Also, the hypertensive rats had lowered expression of p-AMPK and p-AMPK/AMPK, elevated expression of p-ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and AT1-R, increased NF-κB p65 activity in the PVN compared with the levels of these biomarkers in SHAM rats. Four weeks of bilateral PVN injection of AMPK activator AICAR, attenuated the NE level and SBP, increased the expression of p-AMPK and p-AMPK/AMPK, lessened the NF-κB p65 activity, decreased the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and AT1-R in the PVN of 2K1C rats. Data from this study imply that the activation of AMPK within the PVN suppressed AT1-R expression through inhibiting the ERK1/2-NF-κB pathway, decreased the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, improved hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui-Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Abdoulaye Issotina Zibrila
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Diagnosis, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Yue Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-An Qiao
- Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Min Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Xu ZQ, Li XZ, Zhu R, Ge R, Wei H, Shi HW, Wang Z, Yang C, Yang YW, Lu XJ, Chen AD, Zhu GQ, Tan X. Asprosin contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertensive rats via superoxide signaling. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1427-1439. [PMID: 38690935 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to vascular remodeling. Asprosin, a newly discovered protein hormone, is involved in metabolic diseases. Little is known about the roles of asprosin in cardiovascular diseases. This study focused on the role and mechanism of asprosin on VSMC proliferation and migration, and vascular remodeling in a rat model of hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS VSMCs were obtained from the aortic media of 8-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Asprosin was upregulated in the VSMCs of SHR. For in vitro studies, asprosin promoted VSMC proliferation and migration of WKY and SHR, and increased Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity, NOX1/2/4 protein expressions and superoxide production. Knockdown of asprosin inhibited the proliferation, migration, NOX activity, NOX1/2 expressions and superoxide production in the VSMCs of SHR. The roles of asprosin in promoting VSMC proliferation and migration were not affected by hydrogen peroxide scavenger, but attenuated by superoxide scavenger, selective NOX1 or NOX2 inhibitor. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was upregulated in SHR, TLR4 knockdown inhibited asprosin overexpression-induced proliferation, migration and oxidative stress in VSMCs of WKY and SHR. Asprosin was upregulated in arteries of SHR, and knockdown of asprosin in vivo not only attenuated oxidative stress and vascular remodeling in aorta and mesentery artery, but also caused a subsequent persistent antihypertensive effect in SHR. CONCLUSIONS Asprosin promotes VSMC proliferation and migration via NOX-mediated superoxide production. Inhibition of endogenous asprosin expression attenuates VSMC proliferation and migration, and vascular remodeling of SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qin Xu
- Emergency Department
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | | | - Rui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xue-Juan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Emergency Department
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Jiang T, Wei Y, Xu R, Jin Y, Song T, Wang H, Chen W, Tian H, Xu L, Zhao Y, Fu Y. Renal denervation alleviates vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating perivascular adipose tissue. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01791-8. [PMID: 39043918 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the main pathological process that causes the damage of the target organ of hypertension. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds blood vessels and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of renal denervation (RDN) on hypertensive vascular remodeling and to elucidate the role of PVAT in this process. Male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat were selected. Aortic vascular remodeling was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Morphological changes in the PVAT were observed through H&E and Oil Red O staining. Dihydroethidium was used to measure oxidative stress levels in PVAT, while western blot analysis was used to determine the expression levels of proteins associated with vascular remodeling. The results showed that the aortic medial thickness, media thickness/lumen diameter, collagen volume fraction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in PVAT were significantly higher in the SHR group than in the WKY group. The indexes mentioned above were lower in the SHR-RDN group than in the SHR group. H&E staining revealed that fat droplets in PVAT in the SHR-RDN group became smaller and browning occurred. Moreover, the protein expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) was significantly increased in the SHR-RDN group. In addition, the expression of adiponectin increased and the expression of leptin decreased in the SHR-RDN group compared to the SHR group. In conclusion, RDN can relieve hypertensive vascular remodeling, which may be associated with PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongkang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Huang J, Liu X, Qiu Q, Tan W, Li R, Xi H, Peng C, Zhou L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Jiang H. Blockade of mesenteric and omental adipose tissue sensory neurons improves cardiac remodeling through sympathetic pathway. iScience 2024; 27:110245. [PMID: 39055939 PMCID: PMC11269788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric and omental adipose tissue (MOAT) communicates directly with the heart through the secretion of bioactive molecules and indirectly through afferent signaling to the central nervous system. Myocardial infarction (MI) may induce pathological alterations in MOAT, which further affects cardiac function. Our study revealed that MI induced significant MOAT transcriptional changes in genes related with signal transduction, including adiponectin (APN), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and complement C3 (C3), potentially influencing afferent activity. We further found that MOAT sensory nerve denervation with capsaicin (CAP) prevented cardiac remodeling, improved cardiac function, and reversed cardiac sympathetic nerve hyperactivation in the MI group, accompanied by reduced serum norepinephrine. In addition, CAP reversed the elevated MOAT afferent input and brain-heart sympathetic outflow post-MI, increasing APN and NPY and decreasing C3 and serum proinflammatory factors. These results demonstrated that blockade of the MOAT afferent sensory nerve exerts a cardioprotective effect by inhibiting the brain-heart sympathetic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qinfang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wuping Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Haosong Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
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Chen JL, Ge R, Li XZ, Zhang Y, Hao WY, Li N, Xu ZQ, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Tan X. Ile-Pro-Pro attenuates sympathetic activity and hypertension. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01034-x. [PMID: 39008241 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Isoleucine-proline-proline (Ile-Pro-Pro, IPP) is a natural food source tripeptide that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. The aim of this study was to determine the central and peripheral roles of IPP in attenuating sympathetic activity, oxidative stress and hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham-operated surgery (Sham) or two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) surgery to induce renovascular hypertension. Renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure were recorded. Bilateral microinjections of IPP to hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuated sympathetic activity (-16.1 ± 2.5%, P < 0.001) and hypertension (-8.7 ± 1.5 mmHg, P < 0.01) in 2K1C rats by inhibiting ACE activity and subsequent angiotensin II and superoxide production in the PVN. Intravenous injections of IPP also attenuated sympathetic activity (-15.1 ± 2.1%, P < 0.001) and hypertension (-16.8 ± 2.3 mmHg, P < 0.001) via inhibiting ACE activity and oxidative stress in both PVN and arteries of 2K1C rats. The duration of the effects of the intravenous IPP was longer than those of the PVN microinjection, but the sympatho-inhibitory effect of intravenous injections occurred later than that of the PVN microinjection. Intraperitoneal injection of IPP (400 pmol/day for 20 days) attenuated hypertension and vascular remodeling via inhibiting ACE activity and oxidative stress in both PVN and arteries of 2K1C rats. These results indicate that IPP attenuates hypertension and sympathetic activity by inhibiting ACE activity and oxidative stress. The sympathoinhibitory effect of peripheral IPP is mainly caused by the ACE inhibition in PVN, and the antihypertensive effect is related to the sympathoinhibition and the arterial ACE inhibition. Long-term intraperitoneal IPP therapy attenuates hypertension, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Rui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Xu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Xiao Tan
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, China.
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Shinohara K. Renal denervation: a key approach to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01776-7. [PMID: 38961280 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Sympathetic activation plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, including heart failure and arrhythmias. Renal nerves contribute to the regulation of blood pressure and fluid volume through renal sympathetic efferent nerves, and to the modulation of sympathetic outflow through renal sensory afferent nerves. Previous studies including ours suggest that selective afferent renal denervation with preservation of efferent renal nerves can significantly decrease central sympathetic outflow in animal models of hypertension with renal damage. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed high salt diet from an early age, a model of hypertensive heart failure, this central sympathoinhibition by afferent renal denervation may attenuate the development of heart failure without significant blood pressure reduction. Accumulating clinical evidence supports the efficacy of renal denervation as an antihypertensive treatment. However, it remains important to clarify the appropriate indications and predictors of responders to renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension. Several clinical studies suggest beneficial effects of renal denervation in patients with heart disease, with or without hypertension, although most were not sham-controlled. In particular, some clinical studies have demonstrated that renal denervation reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation or cardiovascular events even without a significant antihypertensive effect. It is essential to accumulate more insightful data in patients undergoing renal denervation, to establish the efficacy of renal denervation in patients with cardiovascular disease in the clinical setting, and to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of renal denervation and the renal nerves-linked pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in basic research. This review outlines the effects of renal denervation on sympathetic activity and organ damage in animal models of hypertension and hypertensive heart failure, including our own data. Beyond the antihypertensive effects, the beneficial effects of renal denervation on cardiovascular disease are also discussed based on clinical studies. Several animal and clinical studies suggest the cardioprotective effects of renal denervation even in the absence of significant blood pressure reduction, probably due to its sympathoinhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shinohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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8
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Katsurada K, Patel KP. The role of afferent renal nerves in regulating sympathetic outflow via central nervous system mechanisms. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1978-1980. [PMID: 38632458 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Katsurada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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9
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Ge R, Chen JL, Zheng F, Yin SM, Dai M, Wang YM, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Chen AD. Asprosin promotes vascular inflammation via TLR4-NFκB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hypertension. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31659. [PMID: 38841464 PMCID: PMC11152944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective and design Mild vascular inflammation promotes the pathogenesis of hypertension. Asprosin, a newly discovered adipokine, is closely associated with metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that asprosin might led to vascular inflammation in hypertension via NLRP3 inflammasome formation. This study shows the importance of asprosin in the vascular inflammation of hypertension. Methods Primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were obtained from the aorta of animals, including spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), NLRP3-/- and wild-type mice. Studies were performed in VSMCs in vitro, as well as WKY and SHR in vivo. Results Asprosin expressions were up-regulated in VSMCs and media of arteries in SHR. Asprosin overexpression promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), accompanied with activation of NFκB signaling pathway in VSMCs. Exogenous asprosin protein showed similar roles in promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Knockdown of asprosin restrained NLRP3 inflammasome and p65-NFκB activation in VSMCs of SHR. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or NFκB inhibitor BAY11-7082 attenuated asprosin-caused VSMC proliferation and migration. Asprosin-induced interleukin-1β production, proliferation and migration were attenuated in NLRP3-/- VSMCs. Local asprosin knockdown in common carotid artery of SHR attenuated inflammation and vascular remodeling. Conclusions Asprosin promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation in VSMCs by TLR4-NFκB pathway, and thereby stimulates VSMCs proliferation, migration, and vascular remodeling of SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun-Liu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Shu-Min Yin
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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10
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Shinohara K. Renal denervation for hypertensive heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01755-y. [PMID: 38877310 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) as an antihypertensive treatment. Additionally, several RDN clinical studies, including meta-analyses, have suggested that RDN may potentially have beneficial effects on left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic function, and new-onset/recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), although most studies were not randomized sham-controlled. In particular, the effects of RDN on left ventricular hypertrophy and AF recurrence appear to be relatively evident. Sympathetic activation plays a critical role in the development of hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, and AF. Notably, several studies suggest the cardioprotective effects of RDN even in the absence of significant blood pressure reduction, probably due to its sympathoinhibitory effects. It is imperative to establish the efficacy of RDN in patients with hypertensive heart disease and/or AF, focusing on parameters of sympathetic activity in the clinical setting, including randomized sham-controlled trials. Moreover, further basic research is essential to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of RDN beyond blood pressure lowering and the renal nerves-linked pathophysiologies of hypertensive heart disease and AF. This review outlines the effects of renal denervation on hypertensive heart disease, particularly on left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic function, and on atrial fibrillation. The sympathoinhibitory effect of renal denervation, an important potential mechanism of its beneficial effects on heart disease, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shinohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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11
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Xu XY, Wang JX, Chen JL, Dai M, Wang YM, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Chen AD. GLP-1 in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Promotes Sympathetic Activation and Hypertension. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2032232024. [PMID: 38565292 PMCID: PMC11112640 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2032-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its analogs are widely used for diabetes treatment. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is crucial for regulating cardiovascular activity. This study aims to determine the roles of GLP-1 and its receptors (GLP-1R) in the PVN in regulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Experiments were carried out in male normotensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. GLP-1 and GLP-1R expressions were present in the PVN. PVN microinjection of GLP-1R agonist recombinant human GLP-1 (rhGLP-1) or EX-4 increased RSNA and MAP, which were prevented by GLP-1R antagonist exendin 9-39 (EX9-39) or GLP-1R antagonist 1, superoxide scavenger tempol, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor apocynin, adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor SQ22536 or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89. PVN microinjection of rhGLP-1 increased superoxide production, NADPH oxidase activity, cAMP level, AC, and PKA activity, which were prevented by SQ22536 or H89. GLP-1 and GLP-1R were upregulated in the PVN of SHR. PVN microinjection of GLP-1 agonist increased RSNA and MAP in both WKY and SHR, but GLP-1 antagonists caused greater effects in reducing RSNA and MAP in SHR than in WKY. The increased superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN of SHR were augmented by GLP-1R agonists but attenuated by GLP-1R antagonists. These results indicate that activation of GLP-1R in the PVN increased sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via cAMP-PKA-mediated NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent superoxide production. GLP-1 and GLP-1R upregulation in the PVN partially contributes to sympathetic overactivity and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun-Liu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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12
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Katsuki M, Shinohara K, Kinugawa S, Hirooka Y. The effects of renal denervation on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and sympathetic activity during the established phase of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1073-1077. [PMID: 38337003 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether renal denervation (RDN) reduces blood pressure and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy with decreasing sympathetic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a model of essential hypertension, during the established phase of hypertension. We performed RDN or sham operation in 15-weeks-old SHRs. Thirty days after RDN, mean blood pressure measured by telemetry, heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness assessed by echocardiography, and urinary norepinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the RDN group compared to the Sham group. Furthermore, oxidative stress, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, a pivotal region regulating basal sympathetic tone, was significantly decreased in the RDN group. In conclusion, RDN reduces blood pressure and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy with sympathoinhibition in the established phase of hypertension in SHRs. These findings highlight the sympathoinhibitory effect of RDN and suggest that RDN may be a potential therapy for hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Renal denervation reduces blood pressure and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy with sympathoinhibition in the established phase of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This study highlights the sympathoinhibitory effect of renal denervation and suggests that renal denervation may be a potential therapy for hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Katsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirooka
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Gkousioudi A, Razzoli M, Moreira JD, Wainford RD, Zhang Y. Renal denervation restores biomechanics of carotid arteries in a rat model of hypertension. Sci Rep 2024; 14:495. [PMID: 38177257 PMCID: PMC10767006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension increases with aging and is associated with increased arterial stiffness. Resistant hypertension is presented when drug treatments fail to regulate a sustained increased blood pressure. Given that the mechanisms between the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney play an important role in blood regulation, renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a therapeutic potential in resistant hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of RDN on the biomechanical response and microstructure of elastic arteries. Common carotid arteries (CCA) excised from 3-month, 8-month, and 8-month denervated rats were subjected to biaxial extension-inflation test. Our results showed that hypertension developed in the 8-month-old rats. The sustained elevated blood pressure resulted in arterial remodeling which was manifested as a significant stress increase in both axial and circumferential directions after 8 months. RDN had a favorable impact on CCAs with a restoration of stresses in values similar to control arteries at 3 months. After biomechanical testing, arteries were imaged under a multi-photon microscope to identify microstructural changes in extracellular matrix (ECM). Quantification of multi-photon images showed no significant alterations of the main ECM components, elastic and collagen fibers, indicating that arteries remained intact after RDN. Regardless of the experimental group, our microstructural analysis of the multi-photon images revealed that reorientation of the collagen fibers might be the main microstructural mechanism taking place during pressurization with their straightening happening during axial stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gkousioudi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Margherita Razzoli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jesse D Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University Avedisian and Chobanian, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University Avedisian and Chobanian, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, HSRB II, Emory University, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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14
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Murase S, Sakitani N, Maekawa T, Yoshino D, Takano K, Konno A, Hirai H, Saito T, Tanaka S, Shinohara K, Kishi T, Yoshikawa Y, Sakai T, Ayaori M, Inanami H, Tomiyasu K, Takashima A, Ogata T, Tsuchimochi H, Sato S, Saito S, Yoshino K, Matsuura Y, Funamoto K, Ochi H, Shinohara M, Nagao M, Sawada Y. Interstitial-fluid shear stresses induced by vertically oscillating head motion lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats and humans. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1350-1373. [PMID: 37414976 PMCID: PMC10651490 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which physical exercise benefits brain functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that vertically oscillating head motions mimicking mechanical accelerations experienced during fast walking, light jogging or treadmill running at a moderate velocity reduce the blood pressure of rats and human adults with hypertension. In hypertensive rats, shear stresses of less than 1 Pa resulting from interstitial-fluid flow induced by such passive head motions reduced the expression of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor in astrocytes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and the resulting antihypertensive effects were abrogated by hydrogel introduction that inhibited interstitial-fluid movement in the medulla. Our findings suggest that oscillatory mechanical interventions could be used to elicit antihypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Murase
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Sakitani
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maekawa
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshino
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Kouji Takano
- Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kishi
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirohiko Inanami
- Inanami Spine & Joint Hospital/Iwai Orthopaedic Medical Hospital, Iwai Medical Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tomiyasu
- Center of Sports Science and Health Promotion, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Department of Assistive Technology, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Yoshino
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Yuiko Matsuura
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Motoshi Nagao
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Research, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.
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15
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Lauar MR, Evans LC, Van Helden D, Fink GD, Banek CT, Menani JV, Osborn JW. Renal and hypothalamic inflammation in renovascular hypertension: role of afferent renal nerves. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R411-R422. [PMID: 37519252 PMCID: PMC10639016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Renal denervation (RDN) is a potential therapy for drug-resistant hypertension. However, whether its effects are mediated by ablation of efferent or afferent renal nerves is not clear. Previous studies have implicated that renal inflammation and the sympathetic nervous system are driven by the activation of afferent and efferent renal nerves. RDN attenuated the renal inflammation and sympathetic activity in some animal models of hypertension. In the 2 kidney,1 clip (2K1C) model of renovascular hypertension, RDN also decreased sympathetic activity; however, mechanisms underlying renal and central inflammation are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the mechanisms by which total RDN (TRDN; efferent + afferent) and afferent-specific RDN (ARDN) reduce arterial pressure in 2K1C rats are the same. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with telemeters to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), and after 7 days, a clip was placed on the left renal artery. Rats underwent TRDN, ARDN, or sham surgery of the clipped kidney and MAP was measured for 6 wk. Weekly measurements of water intake (WI), urine output (UO), and urinary copeptin were conducted, and urine was analyzed for cytokines/chemokines. Neurogenic pressor activity (NPA) was assessed at the end of the protocol calculated by the depressor response after intraperitoneal injection of hexamethonium. Rats were euthanized and the hypothalamus and kidneys removed for measurement of cytokine content. MAP, NPA, WI, and urinary copeptin were significantly increased in 2K1C-sham rats, and these responses were abolished by both TRDN and ARDN. 2K1C-sham rats presented with renal and hypothalamic inflammation and these responses were largely mitigated by TRDN and ARDN. We conclude that RDN attenuates 2K1C hypertension primarily by ablation of afferent renal nerves which disrupts bidirectional renal neural-immune pathways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension resulting from reduced perfusion of the kidney is dependent on renal sensory nerves, which are linked to inflammation in the kidney and hypothalamus. Afferent renal nerves are required for chronic increases in both water intake and vasopressin release observed following renal artery stenosis. Findings from this study suggest an important role of renal sensory nerves that has previously been underestimated in the pathogenesis of 2K1C hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Lauar
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Louise C Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Dusty Van Helden
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Christopher T Banek
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - José V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Dentistry School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John W Osborn
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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16
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Zheng F, Ye C, Ge R, Wang Y, Tian XL, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Zhou B. MiR-21-3p in extracellular vesicles from vascular fibroblasts of spontaneously hypertensive rat promotes proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2023; 330:122023. [PMID: 37579834 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to vascular remodeling in hypertension. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). This study shows the important roles of EVs-mediated miR-21-3p transfer in VSMC proliferation and migration and underlying mechanisms in SHR. AFs and VSMCs were obtained from aorta of Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) and SHR. EVs were separated from AFs culture with ultracentrifugation method. MiR-21-3p content in the EVs of SHR was increased compared with those of WKY. MiR-21-3p mimic promoted VSMC proliferation and migration of WKY and SHR, while miR-21-3p inhibitor attenuated proliferation and migration only in the VSMCs of SHR. EVs of SHR stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration, which were attenuated by miR-21-3p inhibitor. Sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 (SORBS2) mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the VSMCs of SHR. MiR-21-3p mimic inhibited, while miR-21-3p inhibitor promoted SORBS2 expressions in the VSMCs of both WKY and SHR. EVs of SHR reduced SORBS2 expression, which was prevented by miR-21-3p inhibitor. EVs of WKY had no significant effect on SORBS2 expressions. SORBS2 overexpression attenuated the roles of miR-21-3p mimic and EVs of SHR in promoting VSMC proliferation and migration of SHR. Overexpression of miR-21-3p in vivo promotes vascular remodeling and hypertension. These results indicate that miR-21-3p in the EVs of SHR promotes VSMC proliferation and migration via negatively regulating SORBS2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Rui Ge
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Tian
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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17
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Gkousioudi A, Razzoli M, Moreira JD, Wainford RD, Zhang Y. Renal denervation restores biomechanics of carotid arteries in a rat model of hypertension. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3273236. [PMID: 37720022 PMCID: PMC10503847 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3273236/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension increases with aging and is associated with increased arterial stiffness. Resistant hypertension is presented when drug treatments fail to regulate a sustained increased blood pressure. Given that the mechanisms between the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney play an important role in blood regulation, renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a therapeutic potential in resistant hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effects of RDN on the biomechanical response and microstructure of elastic arteries. Common carotid arteries (CCA) were excised from 3-, 8- and 8-month-old denervated rats, and subjected to biaxial extension-inflation test. Our results showed that hypertension developed in the 8-month-old rats. The sustained elevated blood pressure resulted in arterial remodeling which was manifested as a significant stress increase in both axial and circumferential directions after 8 months. RDN had a favorable impact on CCAs with a restoration of stresses in values similar to control arteries at 3 months. After biomechanical testing, arteries were imaged under a multi-photon microscope to identify microstructural changes in extracellular matrix (ECM). Quantification of multi-photon images showed no significant alterations of the main ECM components, elastic and collagen fibers, indicating that arteries remained intact after RDN. Regardless of the experimental group, our microstructural analysis of the multi-photon images revealed that reorientation of the collagen fibers might be the main microstructural mechanism taking place during pressurization with their straightening happening during axial stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesse D Moreira
- Boston University Avedisian and Chobanian School of Medicine
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18
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Bo JH, Wang JX, Wang XL, Jiao Y, Jiang M, Chen JL, Hao WY, Chen Q, Li YH, Ma ZL, Zhu GQ. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sympathetic Activation and Sepsis via Suppressing Superoxide Signaling in Paraventricular Nucleus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122395. [PMID: 36552603 PMCID: PMC9774688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis. The selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used for perioperative sedation and analgesia. We aimed to determine the central roles and mechanisms of DEX in attenuating sympathetic activity and inflammation in sepsis. Sepsis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Effects of DEX were investigated 24 h after injection of LPS. Bilateral microinjection of DEX in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuated LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity, which was attenuated by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor DETC, cAMP analog db-cAMP or GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine. Superoxide scavenger tempol, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 or PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMP caused similar effects to DEX in attenuating LPS-induced sympathetic activation. DEX inhibited LPS-induced superoxide and cAMP production, as well as NADPH oxidase, adenylate cyclase and PKA activation. The roles of DEX in reducing superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activation were attenuated by db-cAMP or gabazine. Intravenous infusion of DEX inhibited LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity, NOX activation, superoxide production, TNF-α and IL-1β upregulation in the PVN and plasma, as well as lung and renal injury, which were attenuated by the PVN microinjection of yohimbine and DETC. We conclude that activation of α2-adrenergic receptors with DEX in the PVN attenuated LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity by reducing NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production via both inhibiting adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA signaling and activating GABAA receptors. The inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in the PVN partially contributes to the roles of intravenous infusion of DEX in attenuating LPS-induced sympathetic activation, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Bo
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun-Liu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zheng-Liang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-L.M.); (G.-Q.Z.)
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-L.M.); (G.-Q.Z.)
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19
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Chemerin-9 in paraventricular nucleus increases sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via glutamate receptor-mediated ROS generation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Wang XL, Wang JX, Chen JL, Hao WY, Xu WZ, Xu ZQ, Jiang YT, Luo PQ, Chen Q, Li YH, Zhu GQ, Li XZ. Asprosin in the Paraventricular Nucleus Induces Sympathetic Activation and Pressor Responses via cAMP-Dependent ROS Production. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012595. [PMID: 36293450 PMCID: PMC9604496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asprosin is a newly discovered adipokine that is involved in regulating metabolism. Sympathetic overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. This study was designed to determine the roles and underlying mechanisms of asprosin in the PVN in regulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Experiments were carried out in male adult SD rats under anesthesia. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and PVN microinjections were performed bilaterally. Asprosin mRNA and protein expressions were high in the PVN. The high asprosin expression in the PVN was involved in both the parvocellular and magnocellular regions according to immunohistochemical analysis. Microinjection of asprosin into the PVN produced dose-related increases in RSNA, MAP, and HR, which were abolished by superoxide scavenger tempol, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. The asprosin promoted superoxide production and increased NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN. Furthermore, it increased the cAMP level, adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, and protein kinase A (PKA) activity in the PVN. The roles of asprosin in increasing RSNA, MAP, and HR were prevented by pretreatment with AC inhibitor SQ22536 or PKA inhibitor H89 in the PVN. Microinjection of cAMP analog db-cAMP into the PVN played similar roles with asprosin in increasing the RSNA, MAP, and HR, but failed to further augment the effects of asprosin. Pretreatment with PVN microinjection of SQ22536 or H89 abolished the roles of asprosin in increasing superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN. These results indicated that asprosin in the PVN increased the sympathetic outflow, blood pressure, and heart rate via cAMP–PKA signaling-mediated NADPH oxidase activation and the subsequent superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun-Liu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wen-Zhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Pei-Qi Luo
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Q.Z.); (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology and Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
- Correspondence: (G.-Q.Z.); (X.-Z.L.)
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21
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Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension via Suppressing ROS/MAPK/NF-κB/AT-1R Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193968. [PMID: 36235619 PMCID: PMC9573547 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for hypertension, however, its central mechanisms in improving hypertension remain unclear. Since the importance of the up-regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamic in sympathoexcitation and hypertension has been shown, we testified the hypothesis that aerobic ExT decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats by down-regulating the AT-1R through reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factors κB (NF-κB) pathway within the PVN. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to the following groups: sham operation (SHAM) + kept sedentary (Sed), SHAM + exercise training (ExT), two kidney-one clamp (2K1C) + Sed, and 2K1C + ExT groups. Results: The 2K1C + Sed hypertensive rats showed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), upregulated ROS, phosphorylated (p-) p44/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 activity, and AT-1R expression in the PVN, and increased circulating norepinephrine (NE) than those of SHAM rats. After eight weeks of aerobic ExT, the 2K1C + ExT hypertensive rats showed attenuated NE and SBP levels, suppressed NF-κB p65 activity, and reduced expression of ROS, p-p44/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, and AT-1R in the PVN, relatively to the 2K1C + Sed group. Conclusions: These data are suggestive of beneficial effects of aerobic ExT in decreasing SBP in hypertensive rats, via down-regulating the ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway that targets AT-1R in the PVN, and eventually ameliorating 2K1C-induced hypertension.
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