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Huang S, Huang P, Masood S, Iqbal MM, Naz T, Danish S, Ansari MJ, Salmen SH. Enhancing maize growth through the synergistic impact of potassium enrich biochar and spermidine. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38191323 PMCID: PMC10775565 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Maize cultivated for dry grain covers approximately 197 million hectares globally, securing its position as the second most widely grown crop worldwide after wheat. Although spermidine and biochar individually showed positive impacts on maize production in existing literature, their combined effects on maize growth, physiology, nutrient uptake remain unclear and require further in-depth investigation. That's why a pot experiment was conducted on maize with spermidine and potassium enriched biochar (KBC) as treatments in Multan, Pakistan, during the year 2022. Four levels of spermidine (0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45mM) and two levels of potassium KBC (0 and 0.50%) were applied in completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that 0.45 mM spermidine under 0.50% KBC caused significant enhancement in maize shoot length (11.30%), shoot fresh weight (25.78%), shoot dry weight (17.45%), root length (27.95%), root fresh weight (26.80%), and root dry weight (20.86%) over control. A significant increase in maize chlorophyll a (50.00%), chlorophyll b (40.40%), total chlorophyll (47.00%), photosynthetic rate (34.91%), transpiration rate (6.51%), and stomatal conductance (15.99%) compared to control under 0.50%KBC validate the potential of 0.45 mM spermidine. An increase in N, P, and K concentration in the root and shoot while decrease in electrolyte leakage and antioxidants also confirmed that the 0.45 mM spermidine performed more effectively with 0.50%KBC. In conclusion, 0.45 mM spermidine with 0.50%KBC is recommended for enhancing maize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucheng Huang
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Sajid Masood
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Naz
- Saline Agriculture Research Centre, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38400, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, 244001, India
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Approaches to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033025. [PMID: 36769343 PMCID: PMC9918255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore changes in proteins and metabolites under stress circumstances, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics methods are used. In-depth research over the previous ten years has gradually revealed the fundamental processes of plants' responses to environmental stress. Abiotic stresses, which include temperature extremes, water scarcity, and metal toxicity brought on by human activity and urbanization, are a major cause for concern, since they can result in unsustainable warming trends and drastically lower crop yields. Furthermore, there is an emerging reliance on agrochemicals. Stress is responsible for physiological transformations such as the formation of reactive oxygen, stomatal opening and closure, cytosolic calcium ion concentrations, metabolite profiles and their dynamic changes, expression of stress-responsive genes, activation of potassium channels, etc. Research regarding abiotic stresses is lacking because defense feedbacks to abiotic factors necessitate regulating the changes that activate multiple genes and pathways that are not properly explored. It is clear from the involvement of these genes that plant stress response and adaptation are complicated processes. Targeting the multigenicity of plant abiotic stress responses caused by genomic sequences, transcripts, protein organization and interactions, stress-specific and cellular transcriptome collections, and mutant screens can be the first step in an integrative approach. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the genomes, proteomics, and metabolomics of tomatoes under abiotic stress.
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Shi Y, Guo S, Zhao X, Xu M, Xu J, Xing G, Zhang Y, Ahammed GJ. Comparative physiological and transcriptomics analysis revealed crucial mechanisms of silicon-mediated tolerance to iron deficiency in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1094451. [PMID: 36618612 PMCID: PMC9811145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common abiotic stress in plants grown in alkaline soil that causes leaf chlorosis and affects root development due to low plant-available Fe concentration. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth and can also improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the effect of Si and regulatory mechanisms on tomato plant growth under Fe deficiency remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the effect of Si application on the photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and organic acid contents under Fe deficiency in tomato plants. The results showed that Si application promoted plant growth by increasing photosynthetic capacity, strengthening antioxidant defense, and reprogramming sugar metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis (RNA-seq) showed that Si application under Fe deficiency up-regulated the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, carbohydrate metabolism and organic acid synthesis. In addition, Si application under Fe deficiency increased Fe distribution to leaves and roots. Combined with physiological assessment and molecular analysis, these findings suggest that Si application can effectively increase plant tolerance to low Fe stress and thus can be implicated in agronomic management of Fe deficiency for sustainable crop production. Moreover, these findings provide important information for further exploring the genes and underlying regulatory mechanisms of Si-mediated low Fe stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuxun Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, Henan, China
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