1
|
Hassan YF, Shabaan DA. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on hair follicle changes in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia: histological and biochemical study. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:477-491. [PMID: 38641701 PMCID: PMC11162382 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents one of the most severe side effects of chemotherapy, which forces some patients to reject cancer treatment. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of CIA are not clearly understood, which makes it difficult to discover efficient preventive or therapeutic procedures for this adverse effect. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a strong antioxidant activity as it stimulates glutathione synthesis and acts as an oxygen radical scavenger. The current study tried to investigate the efficacy of NAC in preserving biochemical parameters and hair follicle structure against cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. In total, 40 adult female C57BL/6 mice were induced to enter anagen by depilation (day 0) and divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (CYP) received a single dose of CYP [150 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)/intraperitoneal injection (IP)] at day 9, group III (CYP & NAC) received a single dose of CYP at day 9 as well as NAC (500 mg/kg B.W./day/IP) from day 6-16, and group IV (NAC) received NAC from day 6-16. CYP administration in group II induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), histological hair follicle dystrophy, disruption of follicular melanogenesis, overexpression of p53, and loss of ki67 immunoreactivity. NAC coadministration in group III reversed CYP-induced alterations in the biochemical parameters and preserved hair follicle structure, typical follicular melanin distribution as well as normal pattern of p53 and ki67 expression. These findings indicated that NAC could be used as an efficient and safe therapeutic option for hair loss induced by chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomna F Hassan
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Dalia A Shabaan
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Chen W, Zhang J, Zhao H, Cui J, Wu J, Shi A. Dual effects of endogenous formaldehyde on the organism and drugs for its removal. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:798-817. [PMID: 37766419 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous formaldehyde (FA) is produced in the human body via various mechanisms to preserve healthy energy metabolism and safeguard the organism. However, endogenous FA can have several negative effects on the body through epigenetic alterations, including cancer growth promotion; neuronal, hippocampal and endothelial damages; atherosclerosis acceleration; haemopoietic stem cell destruction and haemopoietic cell production reduction. Certain medications with antioxidant effects, such as glutathione, vitamin E, resveratrol, alpha lipoic acid and polyphenols, lessen the detrimental effects of endogenous FA by reducing oxidative stress, directly scavenging endogenous FA or promoting its degradation. This study offers fresh perspectives for managing illnesses associated with endogenous FA exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jinjia Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Cui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Anhua Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naser H, Munn K, Lawrence R, Wright R, Grewal E, Williams L, Doak S, Jenkins G. Human plasma can modulate micronucleus frequency in TK6 and OE33 cells in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503766. [PMID: 38821668 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the potential genotoxic effects of human plasma from healthy volunteers, as well as patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's oesophagus (BO) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) using the oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell line (OE33) and the lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6). Both TK6 and OE33 cells were treated with plasma (10 % volume, replacing foetal bovine serum (FBS) or horse serum (HS)) at different time points of 4 h (for the micronucleus (Mn) assay and the invasion assay) and 24 h (for the cell cycle studies). Plasma-induced effects on DNA damage levels, cell viability and the cell cycle were studied by the micronucleus assay, cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) and flow cytometry respectively. The expression of IL-8 in supernatants of TK6 cells and IFN-β in OE33 cells was also analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, we carried out an assessment of cellular invasion of OE33 cells following plasma treatment. The results of the micronucleus assay confirmed the genotoxicity of direct plasma treatment from some participants through the increase in DNA damage in TK6 cells. Conversely, some individual patient plasma samples reduced background levels of TK6 cell Mn frequency, in an anti-genotoxic fashion. In TK6 cells, (on average) plasma samples from patients with Barrett's oesophagus induced higher micronucleus levels than healthy volunteers (p= 0.0019). There was little difference in Mn induction when using plasma versus serum to treat the cells in vitro. Cell cycle results showed that direct plasma treatment had a marked impact on OE33 cells at 24 h (p=0.0182 for BO and p=0.0320 for OAC) by decreasing the proportion of cells in the S phase, while plasma exposure was less impactful on the cell cycle of TK6 cells. Invasion of OE33 cells was also seen to be non-significantly affected by plasma treatment of OE33 cells. The addition of N-acetyl cysteine NAC in a dose-dependent matter did not alter the formation of Mn in TK6 cells, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not the root cause of plasma's genotoxicity. The concentration of IL-8 in TK6 cells and IFN-β in OE33 cells was significantly higher in cells treated with OAC-derived plasma than in the untreated negative control. Collectively, our results demonstrate that plasma-specific effects are detectable which helps us better understand some important aspects of the biology of blood-based biomarkers under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa Naser
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Kathryn Munn
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Rachel Lawrence
- Barts Cancer Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6AU, UK
| | - Rhiannon Wright
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ethan Grewal
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lisa Williams
- Department of Gastroenterology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Sketty Lane, Swansea SA28QA, UK
| | - Shareen Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tuell D, Ford G, Los E, Stone W. The Role of Glutathione and Its Precursors in Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:184. [PMID: 38397782 PMCID: PMC10885928 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major worldwide health crisis affecting about 6.2% of the world's population. Alarmingly, about one in five children in the USA have prediabetes. Glutathione (GSH) and its precursors play a promising role in the prevention and management of type T2D. Oxidative stress (OxS) is a probable factor in both T2D initiation and progression. GSH is the major cytosolic water-soluble chemical antioxidant and emerging evidence supports its role in improving T2D outcomes. Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or glycine (GLY), which are GSH precursors, has also been studied for possible beneficial effects on T2D. This review will focus on the underlying pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linking GSH and its precursors with T2D and OxS. In addition to their traditional antioxidant roles, the in vivo effects of GSH/NAC/GLY supplements will be evaluated for their potential abilities to modulate the complex pro-oxidant pathophysiological factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) driving T2D progression. Positive feedback loops that amplify OxS over long time intervals are likely to result in irreversible T2D micro- and macro-vascular damage. Most clinical studies with GSH/NAC/GLY have focused on adults or the elderly. Future research with pediatric populations should be a high priority since early intervention is critical.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ozulumba T, Zatorski JM, Arneja A, Hammel JH, Braciale TJ, Luckey CJ, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Mitigating reactive oxygen species production and increasing gel porosity improves lymphocyte motility and fibroblast spreading in photocrosslinked gelatin-thiol hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.574282. [PMID: 38293038 PMCID: PMC10827049 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.574282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
On-chip 3D culture systems that incorporate immune cells such as lymphocytes and stromal cells are needed to model immune organs in engineered systems such as organs-on-chip. Photocrosslinking is a useful tool for creating such immune-competent hydrogel cultures with spatial cell organization. However, loss of viability and motility in photocrosslinked gels can limit its utility, especially when working with fragile primary cells. We hypothesized that optimizing photoexposure-induced ROS production, hydrogel porosity or a combination of both factors was necessary to sustain cell viability and motility during culture in photocrosslinked gelatin-thiol (GelSH) hydrogels. Jurkat T cells, primary human CD4+ T cells and human lymphatic fibroblasts were selected as representative lymphoid immune cells to test this hypothesis. Direct exposure of these cells to 385 nm light and LAP photoinitiator dramatically increased ROS levels. Pretreatment with an antioxidant, ascorbic acid (AA), protected the cells from light + LAP-induced ROS and was non-toxic at optimized doses. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy showed that native GelSH hydrogels had limited porosity, and that adding collagen to GelSH precursor before crosslinking markedly increased gel porosity. Next, we tested the impact of AA pretreatment and increasing gel porosity, alone or in combination, on cell viability and function in 3D GelSH hydrogel cultures. Increasing gel porosity, rather than AA pretreatment, was more critical for rescuing viability of Jurkat T cells and spreading of human lymphatic fibroblasts in GelSH-based gels, but both factors improved the motility of primary human CD4+ T cells. Increased porosity enabled formation of spatially organized co-cultures of primary human CD4+ T cells and human lymphatic fibroblasts in photo-crosslinked gels in a multi-lane microfluidic chip, towards modeling the lymphoid organ microenvironment. Some optimization is still needed to improve homogeneity between regions on the chip. These findings will enable researchers utilizing photocrosslinking methods to develop immunocompetent 3D culture models that support viability and function of sensitive lymphoid cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Halliwell B. Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:13-33. [PMID: 37714962 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Several different reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in vivo. They have roles in the development of certain human diseases whilst also performing physiological functions. ROS are counterbalanced by an antioxidant defence network, which functions to modulate ROS levels to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage they cause that can contribute to disease development. This Review describes the mechanisms of action of antioxidants synthesized in vivo, antioxidants derived from the human diet and synthetic antioxidants developed as therapeutic agents, with a focus on the gaps in our current knowledge and the approaches needed to close them. The Review also explores the reasons behind the successes and failures of antioxidants in treating or preventing human disease. Antioxidants may have special roles in the gastrointestinal tract, and many lifestyle features known to promote health (especially diet, exercise and the control of blood glucose and cholesterol levels) may be acting, at least in part, by antioxidant mechanisms. Certain reactive sulfur species may be important antioxidants but more accurate determinations of their concentrations in vivo are needed to help assess their contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shikha S, Kumar V, Jain A, Dutta D, Bhattacharyya MS. Unraveling the mechanistic insights of sophorolipid-capped gold nanoparticle-induced cell death in Vibrio cholerae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0017523. [PMID: 37811987 PMCID: PMC10715219 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00175-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae, a Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of a fatal disease, "cholera." Prevention of cholera outbreak is possible by eliminating the bacteria from the environment. However, antimicrobial resistance developed in microorganisms has posed a threat and challenges to its treatment. Application of nanoparticles is a useful and effective option for the elimination of such microorganisms. Metal-based nanopaticles exhibit microbial toxicity through non-specific mechanisms. To prevent resistance development and increase antibacterial efficiency, rational designing of nanoparticles is required. Thus, knowledge on the exact mechanism of action of nanoparticles is highly essential. In this study, we explore the possible mechanisms of antibacterial activity of AuNPs-SL against V. cholerae. We show that the interaction of AuNPs-SL with V. cholerae enhances ROS production and membrane depolarization, change in permeability, and leakage of intracellular content. This action leads to the depletion of cellular ATP level, DNA damage, and subsequent cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sristy Shikha
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Jain
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipak Dutta
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mani Shankar Bhattacharyya
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Graham RE, Elliott RJR, Munro AF, Carragher NO. A cautionary note on the use of N-acetylcysteine as a reactive oxygen species antagonist to assess copper mediated cell death. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294297. [PMID: 38079440 PMCID: PMC10712875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new form of cell death has recently been proposed involving copper-induced cell death, termed cuproptosis. This new form of cell death has been widely studied in relation to a novel class of copper ionophores, including elesclomol and disulfiram. However, the exact mechanism leading to cell death remains contentious. The oldest and most widely accepted biological mechanism is that the accumulated intracellular copper leads to excessive build-up of reactive oxygen species and that this is what ultimately leads to cell death. Most of this evidence is largely based on studies using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, to relieve the oxidative stress and prevent cell death. However, here we have demonstrated using inductively coupled mass-spectrometry, that NAC pretreatment significantly reduces intracellular copper uptake triggered by the ionophores, elesclomol and disulfiram, suggesting that reduction in copper uptake, rather than the antioxidant activity of NAC, is responsible for the diminished cell death. We present further data showing that key mediators of reactive oxygen species are not upregulated in response to elesclomol treatment, and further that sensitivity of cancer cell lines to reactive oxygen species does not correlate with sensitivity to these copper ionophores. Our findings are in line with several recent studies proposing the mechanism of cuproptosis is instead via copper mediated aggregation of proteins, resulting in proteotoxic stress leading to cell death. Overall, it is vital to disseminate this key piece of information regarding NAC's activity on copper uptake since new research attributing the effect of NAC on copper ionophore activity to quenching of reactive oxygen species is being published regularly and our studies suggest their conclusions may be misleading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Graham
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. R. Elliott
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison F. Munro
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Georgiou-Siafis SK, Tsiftsoglou AS. The Key Role of GSH in Keeping the Redox Balance in Mammalian Cells: Mechanisms and Significance of GSH in Detoxification via Formation of Conjugates. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1953. [PMID: 38001806 PMCID: PMC10669396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide that is biosynthesized in situ at high concentrations (1-5 mM) and involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis via multiple mechanisms. The main known action of GSH is its antioxidant capacity, which aids in maintaining the redox cycle of cells. To this end, GSH peroxidases contribute to the scavenging of various forms of ROS and RNS. A generally underestimated mechanism of action of GSH is its direct nucleophilic interaction with electrophilic compounds yielding thioether GSH S-conjugates. Many compounds, including xenobiotics (such as NAPQI, simvastatin, cisplatin, and barbital) and intrinsic compounds (such as menadione, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and dopamine), form covalent adducts with GSH leading mainly to their detoxification. In the present article, we wish to present the key role and significance of GSH in cellular redox biology. This includes an update on the formation of GSH-S conjugates or GSH adducts with emphasis given to the mechanism of reaction, the dependence on GST (GSH S-transferase), where this conjugation occurs in tissues, and its significance. The uncovering of the GSH adducts' formation enhances our knowledge of the human metabolome. GSH-hematin adducts were recently shown to have been formed spontaneously in multiples isomers at hemolysates, leading to structural destabilization of the endogenous toxin, hematin (free heme), which is derived from the released hemoglobin. Moreover, hemin (the form of oxidized heme) has been found to act through the Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway as an epigenetic modulator of GSH metabolism. Last but not least, the implications of the genetic defects in GSH metabolism, recorded in hemolytic syndromes, cancer and other pathologies, are presented and discussed under the framework of conceptualizing that GSH S-conjugates could be regarded as signatures of the cellular metabolism in the diseased state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asterios S. Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhan J, Liu J, Yang J, Huang L, Lu Y, Lu X, Zhu J, Yang S, Shen Z. Ultrasmall Self-Cascade AuNP@FeS Nanozyme for H 2S-Amplified Ferroptosis Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46213-46225. [PMID: 37740721 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanozymes with peroxidase (POD)-like activity have shown great promise for ferroptosis-based tumor therapy, which are capable of transforming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, the unsatisfactory therapeutic performance of nanozymes due to insufficient endogenous H2O2 and acidity at tumor sites has always been a conundrum. Herein, an ultrasmall gold (Au) @ ferrous sulfide (FeS) cascade nanozyme (AuNP@FeS) with H2S-releasing ability constructed with an Au nanoparticle (AuNP) and an FeS nanoparticle (FeSNP) is designed to increase the H2O2 level and acidity in tumor cells via the collaboration between cascade reactions of AuNP@FeS and the biological effects of released H2S, achieving enhanced •OH generation as well as effective ferroptosis for tumor therapy. The cascade reaction in tumor cells is activated by the glucose oxidase (GOD)-like activity of AuNP in AuNP@FeS to catalyze intratumoral glucose into H2O2 and gluconic acid; meanwhile, the released H2S from AuNP@FeS reduces H2O2 consumption by inhibiting intracellular catalase (CAT) activity and promotes lactic acid accumulation. The two pathways synergistically boost H2O2 and acidity in tumor cells, thus inducing a cascade to generate abundant •OH by catalyzing H2O2 through the POD-like activity of FeS in AuNP@FeS and ultimately causing amplified ferroptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that AuNP@FeS presents a superior tumor therapeutic effect compared to that of AuNP or FeS alone. This strategy represents a simple but powerful method to amplify ferroptosis with H2S-releasing cascade nanozymes and will pave a new way for the development of tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhao Zhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yudie Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xuanyi Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaoyang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Sugeun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Zheyu Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tian YM, Holdship P, To TQ, Ratcliffe PJ, Keeley TP. Comparative analysis of N-terminal cysteine dioxygenation and prolyl-hydroxylation as oxygen-sensing pathways in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105156. [PMID: 37572852 PMCID: PMC10506105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, adaptation to changes in cellular oxygen levels is coordinated largely by 2-oxoglutarate-dependent prolyl-hydroxylase domain (PHD) dioxygenase family members, which regulate the stability of their hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) substrates to promote expression of genes that adapt cells to hypoxia. Recently, 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO) was identified as a novel O2-sensing enzyme in animals. Through N-terminal cysteine dioxygenation and the N-degron pathway, ADO regulates the stability of a set of non-transcription factor substrates; the regulators of G-protein signaling 4, 5. and 16 and interleukin-32. Here, we set out to compare and contrast the in cellulo characteristics of ADO and PHD enzymes in an attempt to better understand their co-evolution in animals. We find that ADO operates to regulate the stability of its substrates rapidly and with similar O2-sensitivity to the PHD/HIF pathway. ADO appeared less sensitive to iron chelating agents or transition metal exposure than the PHD enzymes, possibly due to tighter catalytic-site Fe2+ coordination. Unlike the PHD/HIF pathway, the ADO/N-degron pathway was not subject to feedback by hypoxic induction of ADO, and induction of ADO substrates was well sustained in response to prolonged hypoxia. The data also reveal strong interactions between proteolytic regulation of targets by ADO and transcriptional induction of those targets, that shape integrated cellular responses to hypoxia. Collectively, our comparative analysis provides further insight into ADO/N-degron-mediated oxygen sensing and its integration into established mechanisms of oxygen homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Tian
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trang Quynh To
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Thomas P Keeley
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fakhouri H, Bakulić MP, Zhang I, Yuan H, Bain D, Rondepierre F, Brevet PF, Maršić ŽS, Antoine R, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Maysinger D. Ligand impact on reactive oxygen species generation of Au 10 and Au 25 nanoclusters upon one- and two-photon excitation. Commun Chem 2023; 6:97. [PMID: 37217712 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy (PDT), light-sensitive photosensitizers produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after irradiation in the presence of oxygen. Atomically-precise thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters are molecule-like nanostructures with discrete energy levels presenting long lifetimes, surface biofunctionality, and strong near-infrared excitation ideal for ROS generation in PDT. We directly compare thiolate-gold macromolecular complexes (Au10) and atomically-precise gold nanoclusters (Au25), and investigate the influence of ligands on their photoexcitation. With the ability of atomically-precise nanochemistry, we produce Au10SG10, Au10AcCys10, Au25SG18, and Au25AcCys18 (SG: glutathione; AcCys: N-acetyl-cysteine) fully characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our theoretical investigation reveals key factors (energetics of excited states and structural influence of surface ligands) and their relative importance in singlet oxygen formation upon one- and two-photon excitation. Finally, we explore ROS generation by gold nanoclusters in living cells with one- and two-photon excitation. Our study presents in-depth analyses of events within gold nanoclusters when photo-excited both in the linear and nonlinear optical regimes, and possible biological consequences in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Fakhouri
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology, Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Perić Bakulić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology, Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hao Yuan
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Dipankar Bain
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Rondepierre
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-François Brevet
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Lyon, France.
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology, Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000, Split, Croatia.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000, Split, Croatia.
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, H3G 1Y6, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu Y, Sheng X, Liu C, Liang Z, Wang X, Liu L, Wen Z, Yang Z, Du Q, Liu W. SERD-NHC-Au(I) complexes for dual targeting ER and TrxR to induce ICD in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106731. [PMID: 36933755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) has brought new ideas for the clinical treatment of ER-positive advanced breast cancer. The successful application of combinational therapy inspired the exploration of other targets to prevent breast cancer progression. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is an important enzyme that can regulate redox balance in cells and it was considered as a potential target for anticancer treatment. In this study, we firstly combine a clinical SERD candidate--G1T48 (NCT03455270), with a TrxR inhibitor--N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) [NHC-Au(I)] to form dual targeting complexes that can regulate both signaling pathways. The most efficacious complex 23 exhibited significant antiproliferative profile through degrading ER and inhibiting TrxR activity. Interestingly, it can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) caused by ROS. This is the first evidence to elucidate the role of ER/TrxR-ROS-ICD axis in ER positive breast cancer and this research may inspire new drug development with novel mechanisms. The in vivo xenograft study demonstrated that complex 23 had excellent antiproliferative activity toward MCF-7 cells in mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali 671000, PR China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, PR China; School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luo H, Yu Y, Liang M, Huang Z, Jiang H, Wang Y, Qi J. Efficacy identification and active compounds screening of topically administration of Scutellaria Radix in oral ulcer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123571. [PMID: 36549214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria Radix (SR) is often added to various preparations for the treatment of oral ulcer, but its own efficacy and active compounds are still unknown while topically administration for oral ulcer, bring obstacles in further research. We expected to demonstrate the anti-oral ulcer effect of SR and find out its hallmark compounds, so as to provide reference for its material basis research. In this study, in vivo and in vitro models were used to prove the efficacy of SR, and spectrum-effect analysis was used to figure out the active compounds. In oral ulcer rats, SR significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-8 level, raised IL-2 level in both serum and mucosa, enhanced SOD activity and decreased MDA level of serum, reduced inflammatory reaction and showed good therapeutic effect. As for in vitro models, SR increased the survival rates of H2O2 damaged HOK, inhibited the release of IL-1β and NO of LPS induced HOK and LPS induced RAW 264.7, demonstrating good efficacy on oral ulcer. Subsequently, fingerprints and cellular pharmacodynamic data for 18 batches of SR were acquired, and spectrum-effect analysis were carried out by grey correlation analysis (GRA), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and "spider-web" mode. Five potential compounds were screened out and validated by comparing with SR activity, and baicalin, baicalein, and wogonoside were finally identified as active compounds of SR. These results explained the material basis of SR in treating oral ulcer and provided a scientific evidence for the clinical application of SR in oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- Infinitus (China) Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510405, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liang
- Infinitus (China) Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510405, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, NO.305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gonzales-Moreno C, Fernandez-Hubeid LE, Holgado A, Virgolini MB. Low-dose N-acetyl cysteine prevents paraquat-induced mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000815. [PMID: 37065769 PMCID: PMC10101809 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) affects the redox balance of the cell, an effect that can be restored by antioxidants, including N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). One hour of exposure to PQ (0 mM, 10 mM, 50 mM, or 100 mM) dose-dependently increased mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans after exposure (immediate toxicity), while this effect was more evident 24 hours thereafter (delayed toxicity). Importantly, pretreatment with NAC 0.5 mM for one hour partially prevented mortality in the immediate assay, while it had no effect in the delayed test, revealing the importance of long-term studies when evaluating toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Gonzales-Moreno
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucia E Fernandez-Hubeid
- IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Holgado
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Miriam B Virgolini
- IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Correspondence to: Miriam B Virgolini (
)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Georgiou-Siafis SK, Samiotaki MK, Demopoulos VJ, Panayotou G, Tsiftsoglou AS. Glutathione-Hemin/Hematin Adduct Formation to Disintegrate Cytotoxic Oxidant Hemin/Hematin in Human K562 Cells and Red Blood Cells' Hemolysates: Impact of Glutathione on the Hemolytic Disorders and Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101959. [PMID: 36290682 PMCID: PMC9598195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemin, an oxidized form of heme, acts as potent oxidant to regulate glutathione (GSH) content in pro-erythroid K562 nucleated cells, via activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 defensive signaling pathway. Moreover, GSH, as an essential metabolite, is involved in the regulation of cell-redox homeostasis and proposed to scavenge cytotoxic free heme, which is released from hemoglobin of damaged red blood cells (RBCs) during different hemolytic disorders. In the present study, we aimed to uncover the molecular mechanism by which GSH inhibits hemin-induced cytotoxicity (HIC) by affecting hemin’s structural integrity in K562 cells and in RBC hemolysates. GSH, along with other thiols (cysteine, thioglycolic acid, and mercaptoethanol) altered the spectrum of hemin, while each of them co-added with hemin in cultures of K562 cells prevented HIC and growth arrest and markedly reduced the intracellular level of hemin. In addition, GSH endogenous levels served as a barrier to HIC in K562 cells, as shown by the depletion in GSH. LC-MS/MS analysis of the in vitro reaction between hemin and GSH revealed at least five different isomers of GSH–hemin adducts, as well as hydroxy derivatives as reaction products, which are characterized by unique mass spectra (MS). The latter allowed the detection of adducts in human RBC hemolysates. Based on these findings, we proposed a molecular mechanism via which GSH prevents HIC and structurally disintegrates heme. An analogous reaction was observed in RBC hemolysates via direct inter-reaction between hematin (ferric and hydroxide heme) released from hemoglobin and GSH. Overall, GSH–hematin adducts could be considered as novel entities of the human metabolome of RBCs in hemolytic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K. Georgiou-Siafis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis J. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Asterios S. Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|