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Bi YL, Tan H, Zhang SS, Kang JP. Response Mechanism of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Synthesized by Alternaria sp. on Drought Stress in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39021158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates how extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) synthesized by dark septate endophytic (DSE) improve alfalfa's drought resistance. Drought stress was simulated in hydroponic culture, and roots were treated with different EPS concentrations to determine their effects on drought tolerance and applicable concentrations. Hydroponic solutions with 0.25 and 0.50% EPS concentrations alleviated leaf wilting and increased total plant fresh weight by 35.8 and 57.7%, respectively. SEM shows that EPS attached to the roots and may have served to protect the root system. EPS treatment significantly depressed the MDA contents of the roots, stems, and leaves. Roots responded to drought stress by increasing soluble sugar contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, while mitigating stem and leaf stress by synthesizing lipid compounds, amino acids, and organic acid metabolites. Five metabolites in the stem have been reported to be associated with plant stress tolerance and growth, namely 3-O-methyl 5-O-(2-methyl propyl) (4S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, malic acid, PA (20:1(11Z)/15:0), N-methyl-4,6,7-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, and 2-(S-glutathionyl) acetyl glutathione. In summary, EPS treatment induced oxidative stress and altered plant metabolism, and this in turn increased plant antioxidant capacity. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of EPS in commercial products that increase plant resistance and ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Li Bi
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Tan
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shi-Shuang Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jia-Peng Kang
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Zhang H, Gao Q, Song F, Cui X, Mo F. Genome-Wide Identification of APX Gene Family in Citrus maxima and Expression Analysis at Different Postharvest Preservation Times. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:911. [PMID: 39062690 PMCID: PMC11276291 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a crucial enzyme involved in cellular antioxidant defense and plays a pivotal role in modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels under various environmental stresses in plants. This study utilized bioinformatics methods to identify and analyze the APX gene family of pomelo, while quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate and analyze the expression of CmAPXs at different stages of fruit postharvest. This study identified 96 members of the CmAPX family in the entire pomelo genome, with uneven distribution across nine chromosomes and occurrences of gene fragment replication. The subcellular localization includes peroxisome, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. The CmAPX family exhibits a similar gene structure, predominantly consisting of two exons. An analysis of the upstream promoter regions revealed a significant presence of cis-acting elements associated with light (Box 4, G-Box), hormones (ABRE, TCA-element), and stress-related (MBS, LTR, ARE) responses. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses revealed that the CmAPX gene family can be classified into three subclasses, with seven collinear gene pairs. Furthermore, CmAPXs are closely related to citrus, pomelo, and lemon, followed by Arabidopsis, and exhibit low homology with rice. Additionally, the transcriptomic heat map and qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of CmAPX57, CmAPX34, CmAPX50, CmAPX4, CmAPX5, and CmAPX81 were positively correlated with granulation degree, indicating the activation of the endogenous stress resistance system in pomelo cells by these genes, thereby conferring resistance to ROS. This finding is consistent with the results of GO enrichment analysis. Furthermore, 38 miRNAs were identified as potential regulators targeting the CmAPX family for post-transcriptional regulation. Thus, this study has preliminarily characterized members of the APX gene family in pomelo and provided valuable insights for further research on their antioxidant function and molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yujiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Huixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qiuyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Fangfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xueyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Fulei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Li X, Li Y, Liu H, Liu D, Xu C, Yan M, Zhang C, Zhang C, Xia Z, An M, Wu Y. Identification of host gene regulation and resistance pathway dynamics at diverse infection stages of Rhizoctonia solani AG3-TB. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14475. [PMID: 39140303 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a fungal pathogen that causes significant losses in agricultural production. Because of its rapid transmission and broad host range, the exploration of genes involved in defense responses to the infection of R. solani has become an important task. Here, we performed a time-course RNA-Seq experiment to explore crucial genes or pathways involved in host responses to R. solani AG3-TB infection at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post inoculation (hpi). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most DEGs were enriched in the basal metabolism pathways, including carbohydrate metabolic processes and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Moreover, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were up-regulated, and transcription factors (TFs) such as WRKY, AP2, and MYB were increased significantly compared to the control (0 hpi). Silencing of WRKY70 and catalase-3 exhibited elevated susceptibility to the fungal infection. To summarize, the TFs WRKY70 and WRKY75, genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinosteroids (BR) signaling pathways, and defense-related enzymes may play crucial roles in the host responses to R. solani AG3-TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Yan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongjin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Sun Y, Gong Y. Research advances on the hard seededness trait of soybean and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1419962. [PMID: 38988633 PMCID: PMC11233808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1419962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the world's most economically significant crops and is widely utilized as an essential source of vegetable protein and edible oil. Cultivated soybean is domesticated from its annual counterpart, wild soybean, which is considered valuable germplasm for soybean breeding. However, wild soybean accessions generally produce seeds with impermeable coats, a trait known as hard seededness (HS), which is beneficial for long-term seed survival but is undesirable for the uniform water absorption and germination of seeds, thus limiting the utilization of wild soybeans in breeding. In addition, moderate HS can isolate the embryo from the surrounding environment and is thus beneficial for long-term seed storage and germplasm preservation. The HS trait is primarily associated with the structure and chemical composition of the seed coat. Moreover, its development is also influenced by various environmental conditions, such as water and temperature. Genetic analysis has revealed that HS of soybean is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes or minor quantitative trait loci (QTL), with many QTLs and several causal genes currently identified. Investigating the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this trait is crucial for soybean breeding, production, and food processing. For this article, the literature was reviewed and condensed to create a well-rounded picture of the current understanding of internal and external factors, QTLs, causal genes, and the regulatory mechanisms related to the HS of soybean, with the aim of providing reference for future research and utilization of this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Sun
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yujie Gong
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Bai X, Han Y, Han L. Transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interaction with growth-promoting Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens strain P9. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298303. [PMID: 38358983 PMCID: PMC10868839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 can improve peanut growth. In this study, a co-culture system of strain P9 and peanut was established to analyze the transcriptome of peanut roots interacting with P9 for 24 and 72 h. During the early stage of co-culturing, genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca2+ signal transduction, ethylene synthesis, and cell wall pectin degradation were induced, and the up-regulation of phenylpropanoid derivative, flavonoid, and isoflavone synthesis enhanced the defense response of peanut. The enhanced expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, circadian rhythm regulation, indoleacetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and cytokinin decomposition promoted root growth and development. At the late stage of co-culturing, ethylene synthesis was reduced, whereas Ca2+ signal transduction, isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated, thereby maintaining root ROS homeostasis. Sugar decomposition and oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism were induced, and peanut growth was significantly promoted. Finally, the gene expression of seedlings inoculated with strain P9 exhibited temporal differences. The results of our study, which explored transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interacting with P9, provide a basis for elucidating the growth-promoting mechanism of this bacterial strain in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yujie Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lizhen Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Yu W, Kong G, Ya H, He L, Wu Y, Zhang H. Comprehensive Analysis of the Catalase ( CAT) Gene Family and Expression Patterns in Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis) under Various Abiotic Stresses and Multiple Hormone Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:70. [PMID: 38203241 PMCID: PMC10779098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is one of the key enzymes involved in antioxidant defense systems and mainly scavenges H2O2 and plays a vital role in plant growth, development, and various adverse stresses. To date, a systematic study of the CAT gene family in rubber tree has not been reported. In this study, five HbCAT gene family members were identified from the rubber tree genome, and these were mainly clustered into two subfamilies. Gene structure and motif analysis showed that exon-intron and motif patterns were conserved across different plant species. Sequence analysis revealed that HbCAT proteins contain one active catalytic site, one heme-ligand signature sequence, three conserved amino acid residues (His, Tyr, and Asn), and one peroxisome-targeting signal 1 (PTS1) sequence. Fragment duplication is a selection pressure for the evolution of the HbCAT family based on Ka/Ks values. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoters indicated that HbCAT gene expression might be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and MYB transcription factors; furthermore, these genes might be involved in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. A tissue-specific expression analysis showed that HbCATs gradually increased with leaf development and were highly expressed in mature leaves. Gene expression profiling exhibited the differential expression of the HbCATs under cold, heat, drought, and NaCl stresses. Our results provide comprehensive information about the HbCAT gene family, laying the foundation for further research on its function in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Guanghong Kong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Huajin Ya
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Ligang He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Yu Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Cultivation Technology of Rubber Tree, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China; (W.Y.); (G.K.); (H.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Hanyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Qin Y, Zhao H, Han H, Zhu G, Wang Z, Li F. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Population Genomic Analyses Reveal Geographic Variation and Population Genetic Structure of Prunus tenella. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11735. [PMID: 37511492 PMCID: PMC10380494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus tenella is a rare and precious relict plant in China. It is an important genetic resource for almond improvement and an indispensable material in ecological protection and landscaping. However, the research into molecular breeding and genetic evolution has been severely restricted due to the lack of genome information. In this investigation, we created a chromosome-level genomic pattern of P. tenella, 231 Mb in length with a contig N50 of 18.1 Mb by Hi-C techniques and high-accuracy PacBio HiFi sequencing. The present assembly predicted 32,088 protein-coding genes, and an examination of the genome assembly indicated that 94.7% among all assembled transcripts were alignable to the genome assembly; most (97.24%) were functionally annotated. By phylogenomic genome comparison, we found that P. tenella is an ancient group that diverged approximately 13.4 million years ago (mya) from 13 additional closely related species and about 6.5 Mya from the cultivated almond. Collinearity analysis revealed that P. tenella is highly syntenic and has high sequence conservation with almond and peach. However, this species also exhibits many presence/absence variants. Moreover, a large inversion at the 7588 kb position of chromosome 5 was observed, which may have a significant association with phenotypic traits. Lastly, population genetic structure analysis in eight different populations indicated a high genetic differentiation among the natural distribution of P. tenella. This high-quality genome assembly provides critical clues and comprehensive information for the systematic evolution, genetic characteristics, and functional gene research of P. tenella. Moreover, it provides a valuable genomic resource for in-depth study in protection, developing, and utilizing P. tenella germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Economic Forest Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Gaopu Zhu
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Functional Characterization of Sugar Beet M14 Antioxidant Enzymes in Plant Salt Stress Tolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010057. [PMID: 36670918 PMCID: PMC9854869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress can cause cellular dehydration, which induces oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. They may play signaling roles and cause structural damages to the cells. To overcome the negative impacts, the plant ROS scavenging system plays a vital role in maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. The special sugar beet apomictic monosomic additional M14 line (BvM14) showed strong salt stress tolerance. Comparative proteomics revealed that six antioxidant enzymes (glycolate oxidase (GOX), peroxiredoxin (PrxR), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase3 (DHAR3)) in BvM14 were responsive to salt stress. In this work, the full-length cDNAs of genes encoding these enzymes in the redox system were cloned from the BvM14. Ectopic expression of the six genes reduced the oxidative damage of transgenic plants by regulating the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA), and glutathione (GSH), and thus enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt stress. This work has charecterized the roles that the antioxidant enzymes play in the BvM14 response to salt stress and provided useful genetic resources for engineering and marker-based breeding of crops that are sensitive to salt stress.
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