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Li W, Deng Z, Xiao S, Du Q, Zhang M, Song H, Zhao C, Zheng L. Protective effect of vitexin against high fat-induced vascular endothelial inflammation through inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide-mediated RNA m6A modification. Food Funct 2024; 15:6988-7002. [PMID: 38855818 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the specific effects of a HFD on vascular inflammation and the protective role of vitexin, a bioactive compound derived from food, require further research. This study investigated the protective effects of vitexin intervention against HFD-induced vascular inflammation and its underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that vitexin intervention significantly reduced body weight, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in HFD-fed mice. Vitexin also improved vascular pathological changes and the inflammatory status in the mice. Furthermore, vitexin intervention reduced serum TMAO levels in HFD-fed mice by altering the gut microbiota composition. The HFD significantly increased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in aorta tissues, while vitexin intervention reversed this abnormal m6A level. Through metabolite affinity responsive target fluorescence quenching and molecular docking assays, it was found that vitexin could directly bind to fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), potentially promoting m6A demethylation. The dose-response relationship between TMAO and inflammation/m6A was further validated in HUVEC cells and in vivo mouse experiments. Specifically, TMAO increased m6A levels and inflammation, while vitexin inhibited TMAO-mediated m6A modification, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the protective role of vitexin against HFD-induced vascular inflammation by inhibiting TMAO-mediated RNA m6A modification, laying the foundation for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330051, Jiangxi, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Mengru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Hailing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Caidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330051, Jiangxi, China
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Wu J, Pan J, Zhou W, Ji G, Dang Y. The role of N6-methyladenosine in macrophage polarization: A novel treatment strategy for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116145. [PMID: 38198958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation modifications, as a widespread type of modification in eukaryotic cells, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), are associated with many activities in organisms, including macrophage polarization and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Macrophages in the liver are of diverse origin and complex phenotype, exhibiting different functions in development of NASH. In the review, we discuss the functions of m6A and m6A-related enzymes in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we retrospect the role of macrophage polarization in NASH. Finally, we discuss the prospects of m6A in macrophages and NASH, and provide guidance for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiashu Pan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanqi Dang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Petri BJ, Cave MC, Klinge CM. Changes in m6A in Steatotic Liver Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1653. [PMID: 37628704 PMCID: PMC10454815 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fatty liver includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), now replaced by a consensus group as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). While excess nutrition and obesity are major contributors to fatty liver, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown and therapeutic interventions are limited. Reversible chemical modifications in RNA are newly recognized critical regulators controlling post-transcriptional gene expression. Among these modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and regulates transcript abundance in fatty liver disease. Modulation of m6A by readers, writers, and erasers (RWE) impacts mRNA processing, translation, nuclear export, localization, and degradation. While many studies focus on m6A RWE expression in human liver pathologies, limitations of technology and bioinformatic methods to detect m6A present challenges in understanding the epitranscriptomic mechanisms driving fatty liver disease progression. In this review, we summarize the RWE of m6A and current methods of detecting m6A in specific genes associated with fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J. Petri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
- Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
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Suga N, Ikeda Y, Yoshikawa S, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Matsuda S. In Search of a Function for the N6-Methyladenosine in Epitranscriptome, Autophagy and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurol Int 2023; 15:967-979. [PMID: 37606395 PMCID: PMC10443253 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in epitranscriptome with N6-methyladenine (m6A) modification could be involved in the development of multiple diseases, which might be a prevalent modification of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in eukaryotes. The m6A modification might be performed through the action of methyltransferases, demethylases, and methylation-binding proteins. Importantly, the m6A methylation may be associated with various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), depression, aging-related diseases, and/or aging itself. In addition, the m6A methylation might functionally regulate the eukaryotic transcriptome by influencing the splicing, export, subcellular localization, translation, stability, and decay of mRNAs. Neurodegenerative diseases may possess a wide variety of phenotypes, depending on the neurons that degenerate on occasion. Interestingly, an increasing amount of evidence has indicated that m6A modification could modulate the expression of autophagy-related genes and promote autophagy in neuronal cells. Oxidative stresses such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) could stimulate the m6A RNA methylation, which may also be related to the regulation of autophagy and/or the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Both m6A modification and autophagy could also play critical roles in regulating the health condition of neurons. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the m6A and autophagy relationship in human diseases may benefit in developing therapeutic strategies in the future. This paper reviews advances in the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of m6A modification in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and/or aging, discussing the possible therapeutic procedures related to mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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ZHANG XJ, LIN JM, CHEN SL, LIN CJ, PENG J, YANG XD, ZHAO JY. Electroacupuncture at “Zusanli(ST36)” alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced renal injury in colorectal cancer-bearing mice by exerting effects on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and cell apoptosis. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2023; 33:244-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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Khanmohammadi S, Ramos-Molina B, Kuchay MS. NOD-like receptors in the pathogenesis of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: Therapeutic agents targeting NOD-like receptors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102788. [PMID: 37302383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), activation of inflammatory processes marks the transition of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, which can further evolve to advanced fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Under the stress of chronic overnutrition, the innate immune system orchestrates hepatic inflammation through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Cytosolic PRRs that include NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are crucial for inducing inflammatory processes in the liver. METHODS A literature search was performed with Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases till January 2023, using relevant keywords to extract studies describing the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. RESULTS Several NLRs operate through the formation of inflammasomes, which are multimolecular complexes that generate pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptotic cell death. A multitude of pharmacological agents target NLRs and improve several aspects of MAFLD. In this review, we discuss the current concepts related to the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its complications. We also discuss the latest research on MAFLD therapeutics functioning through NLRs. CONCLUSIONS NLRs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its consequences, especially through generation of inflammasomes, such as NLRP3 inflammasomes. Lifestyle changes (exercise, coffee consumption) and therapeutic agents (GLP-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, obeticholic acid) improve MAFLD and its complications partly through blockade of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. New studies are required to explore these inflammatory pathways fully for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Divison of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram 122001, Haryana, India.
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Wang S, Gao S, Ye W, Li Y, Luan J, Lv X. The emerging importance role of m6A modification in liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114669. [PMID: 37037093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as one of the most common types of inner RNA modification in eukaryotes, plays a multifunctional role in normal and abnormal biological processes. This type of modification is modulated by m6A writer, eraser and reader, which in turn impact various processes of RNA metabolism, such as RNA processing, translation, nuclear export, localization and decay. The current academic view holds that m6A modification exerts a crucial role in the post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression, and is involved in multiple cellular functions, developmental and disease processes. However, the potential molecular mechanism and specific role of m6A modification in the development of liver disease have not been fully elucidated. In our review, we summarized the latest research progress on m6A modification in liver disease, and explored how these novel findings reshape our knowledge of m6A modulation of RNA metabolism. In addition, we also illustrated the effect of m6A on liver development and regeneration to prompt further exploration of the mechanism and role of m6A modification in liver physiology and pathology, providing new insights and references for the search of potential therapeutic targets for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Songsen Gao
- Department of Orthopedics (Spinal Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wufei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Qu H, Zong Q, Hu P, Li Z, Wang H, Wu S, Liu HY, Bao W, Cai D. Desmosterol: A natural product derived from macroalgae modulates inflammatory response and oxidative stress pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1101643. [PMID: 36685553 PMCID: PMC9845693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum level of cholesterol and its biosynthetic intermediates are critical indicators to access metabolism-related disorders in humans and animals. However, the molecular actions of these intermediates on gene functions and regulation remained elusive. Here, we show that desmosterol (DES) is the most abundant intermediate involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and is highly enriched in red/brown algae. It exerts a pivotal role in modulating core genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory response processes in the ileum epithelial cells (IPI-2I). We observed that the DES extracted from red algae did not affect IPI-2I cell growth or survival. A transcriptomic measurement revealed that the genes enrolled in the oxidative process and cholesterol homeostasis pathway were significantly down-regulated by DES treatment. Consistent with this notion, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were markedly decreased in response to DES treatment. In contrast, key inflammatory genes including IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were remarkably upregulated in the RNA-seq analysis, as further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Given that DES is a specific agonist of nuclear receptor RORγ, we also found that DES caused the elevated expression of RORγ at mRNA and protein levels, suggesting it is a potential mediator under DES administration. Together, these results underscore the vital physiological actions of DES in inflammatory and oxidative processes possibly via RORγ, and may be helpful in anti-oxidation treatment and immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiufang Zong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao, ; Hao-Yu Liu,
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao, ; Hao-Yu Liu,
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Demin Cai, ; Wenbin Bao, ; Hao-Yu Liu,
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