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Nixon RA, Rubinsztein DC. Mechanisms of autophagy-lysosome dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5. [PMID: 39107446 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative process used to recycle obsolete cellular constituents and eliminate damaged organelles and aggregate-prone proteins. Their postmitotic nature and extremely polarized morphologies make neurons particularly vulnerable to disruptions caused by autophagy-lysosomal defects, especially as the brain ages. Consequently, mutations in genes regulating autophagy and lysosomal functions cause a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of autophagy and lysosomes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia. We also consider the strong impact of cellular ageing on lysosomes and autophagy as a tipping point for the late-age emergence of related neurodegenerative disorders. Many of these diseases have primary defects in autophagy, for example affecting autophagosome formation, and in lysosomal functions, especially pH regulation and calcium homeostasis. We have aimed to provide an integrative framework for understanding the central importance of autophagic-lysosomal function in neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Neacșu SM, Mititelu M, Ozon EA, Musuc AM, Iuga IDM, Manolescu BN, Petrescu S, Pandele Cusu J, Rusu A, Surdu VA, Oprea E, Lupuliasa D, Popescu IA. Comprehensive Analysis of Novel Synergistic Antioxidant Formulations: Insights into Pharmacotechnical, Physical, Chemical, and Antioxidant Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:690. [PMID: 38931357 PMCID: PMC11206646 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, highlighting the pressing need for effective antioxidant interventions. (2) Methods: In this study, we aimed to develop and characterise two novel antioxidant formulations, F3 and F4, as therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related conditions. (3) Results: The physicochemical characterisation, preformulation analysis, formulation, preparation of filling powders for capsules, capsule content evaluation, and antioxidant activity assessment of the two novel antioxidant formulations were assessed. These formulations comprise a combination of well-established antioxidants like quercetin, biotin, coenzyme Q10, and resveratrol. Through comprehensive testing, the formulations' antioxidant efficacy, stability, and potential synergistic interactions were evaluated. (4) Conclusions: The findings underscore the promising potential of these formulations as therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related disorders and highlight the significance of antioxidant interventions in mitigating their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (I.D.M.I.)
| | - Emma Adriana Ozon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Izabela Dana Maria Iuga
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (I.D.M.I.)
| | - Bogdan Nicolae Manolescu
- “C. Nenitescu” Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Science of Materials, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Petrescu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Jeanina Pandele Cusu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.P.); (J.P.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Vasile-Adrian Surdu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Portocalilor Way, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Ioana Andreea Popescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.N.); (D.L.); (I.A.P.)
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3
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Meng X, Cui W, Liang Q, Zhang B, Wei Y. Trends and hotspots in tea and Alzheimer's disease research from 2014 to 2023: A bibliometric and visual analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30063. [PMID: 38699003 PMCID: PMC11064447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The positive effects of tea on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have increasingly captured researchers' attention. Nevertheless, the quantitative comprehensive analysis in the relevant literatur is lack. This paper aims to thoroughly examine the current research status and hotspots from 2014 to 2023, providing a valuable reference for subsequent research. Methods Documents spanning from 2014 to 2023 were searched from the Web of Science, and the R software, VOSviewer, and Citespace software were used for analysis and visualization. Results A total of 374 documents were contained in the study. The rate of article publications exhibited a consistent increase each year from 2014 to 2023. Notably, China emerged as the leading country in terms of published articles, followed by the United States and India. Simultaneously, China is also in a leading position in cooperation with other countries. Molecules emerged as the most frequently published journal, while the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease secured the top spot in terms of citations. The identified main keywords included oxidative stress, amyloid, epigallocatechin gallate, and green tea polyphenol, among others. These focal areas delved into the antioxidative and anti-amyloid aggregation actions of tea's polyphenolic components. Furthermore, the particularly way in which epigallocatechin gallate delivers neuroprotective outcomes by influencing molecules related to AD represents a focal point of research. Conclusion The increasing attention from researchers on the role of tea in ameliorating AD positions it as a hot spot in the development of anti-AD drugs in the development of future. Through our generalized analysis of the current landscape and hotspots regarding tea's application in AD, this study provides an estimable reference for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Scientific Research, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yingxiu Wei
- Department of Neurology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Høilund-Carlsen PF, Alavi A, Castellani RJ, Neve RL, Perry G, Revheim ME, Barrio JR. Alzheimer's Amyloid Hypothesis and Antibody Therapy: Melting Glaciers? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3892. [PMID: 38612701 PMCID: PMC11012162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease is still alive, although heavily challenged. Effective anti-amyloid immunotherapy would confirm the hypothesis' claim that the protein amyloid-beta is the cause of the disease. Two antibodies, aducanumab and lecanemab, have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, while a third, donanemab, is under review. The main argument for the FDA approvals is a presumed therapy-induced removal of cerebral amyloid deposits. Lecanemab and donanemab are also thought to cause some statistical delay in the determination of cognitive decline. However, clinical efficacy that is less than with conventional treatment, selection of amyloid-positive trial patients with non-specific amyloid-PET imaging, and uncertain therapy-induced removal of cerebral amyloids in clinical trials cast doubt on this anti-Alzheimer's antibody therapy and hence on the amyloid hypothesis, calling for a more thorough investigation of the negative impact of this type of therapy on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Rudolph J. Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Rachael L. Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- The Intervention Centre, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorge R. Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, LA 90095, USA
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5
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Arınmış K, Kıyan HT, Öztürk AA. Preparation, Characterization, Antioxidant Activities, and Determination of Anti-Alzheimer Effects of PLGA-Based DDSs Containing Ferulic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11321-11338. [PMID: 38497027 PMCID: PMC10938454 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) systems have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to their advantages, such as modified release features, increased therapeutic efficacy, and reduced side effects. Ferulic acid (FA) has therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic. In this study, FA-loaded PLGA-based NPs were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method and the effect of varying concentrations of Poloxamer 188 and Span 60 on NP properties was investigated. FA-loaded A-FA coded formulation was chosen as optimum. High encapsulation efficiency has been achieved due to the low affinity of FA to the water phase and, therefore, its lipophilic nature, which tends to migrate to the organic phase. It was determined that the release of FA from the A-FA was slower than pure FA and prolonged release in 24 h. Antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer's effects of A-FA coded NP formulation were investigated by biological activity studies. A-FA coded NP formulation showed strong DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation decolorizing, and reducing antioxidant activity. Since it has both AChE inhibitor and antioxidant properties according to the results of its anti-Alzheimer activity, it was concluded that the formulation prepared in this study shows promise in the treatment of both oxidative stress-related diseases and Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra
Nur Arınmış
- Graduate
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
| | - H. Tuba Kıyan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
| | - A. Alper Öztürk
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
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Yu G, Shi Y, Cong S, Wu C, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu X, Deng H, Tan Z, Deng Y. Synthesis and evaluation of butylphthalide-scutellarein hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116099. [PMID: 38160618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A series of butylphthalide and scutellarein hybrids 3-(alkyl/alkenyl) hydroxyphthalide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. In vitro bioactivity assays indicated that most of the compounds displayed excellent antioxidant activity and moderate to good inhibition activities of self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Among them, compound 7c was demonstrated as a potential and balanced multifunctional candidate displaying the best inhibitory effects on self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation (90.2 % and 35.4 %, respectively) and moderate activity for disaggregation of Aβ1-42 aggregation (42.5 %). In addition, 7c also displayed excellent antioxidant (2.42 Trolox equivalents), metal ions chelating, oxidative stress alleviation, neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrated that 7c could ameliorate the learning and memory impairment induced by sodium nitrite and Aβ1-42 in the step-down passive avoidance test. These balanced multifunctional profiles supporting compound 7c as a novel potential candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yichun Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiqin Cong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengxun Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haixing Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Fišar Z, Hroudová J. CoQ 10 and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38397789 PMCID: PMC10885987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on the recognition of the primary causes of the disease, which can be deduced from the knowledge of risk factors and biomarkers measurable in the early stages of the disease. Insights into the risk factors and the time course of biomarker abnormalities point to a role for the connection of amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, tau pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the onset and development of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid antioxidant and electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport system. The availability and activity of CoQ10 is crucial for proper mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics. Based on the mitochondrial hypothesis of AD and the hypothesis of oxidative stress, the regulation of the efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation system by means of CoQ10 can be considered promising in restoring the mitochondrial function impaired in AD, or in preventing the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. This review summarizes the knowledge on the pathophysiology of AD, in which CoQ10 may play a significant role, with the aim of evaluating the perspective of the pharmacotherapy of AD with CoQ10 and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Al-Saran N, Subash-Babu P, Al-Harbi LN, Alrfaei BM, Alshatwi AA. Neuroprotective Effect of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Lepidium sativum (L.) Seed Bioactive Components Enhance Bioavailability and Wnt/β-Catenin/Camk-II Signaling Cascade in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:199. [PMID: 38251163 PMCID: PMC10819627 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The primary pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the formation and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques, which result from the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) induced by oxidative stress. The effectiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics significantly hinges on the drug's bioavailability and its ability to penetrate neuronal cells. The current investigation was designed as a first attempt to examine bio-fabricated Lepidium sativum (LS) seed-extract-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNps) to increase bioavailability and bioefficacy for the prevention of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and amyloid-β peptide (Aβ,1-42). The SLNps were fabricated using LS extract as a water phase and hyaluronic acid and chia seed fatty acids as a lipid phase, then confirmed and characterized using UV, Zeta size, and SEM methods. The biological safety of synthesized LS-SLNps has been determined using MTT assay and PI staining (nuclear damage) in hMSCs. LS-SLNp-pretreated neuronal cells were induced with oxidative stress and 2 µM of beta-amyloid (Aβ,1-42) fibrils; furthermore, the neuroprotective potential of LS-SLNps was determined through the quenching of oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and immunoregulatory potential. Observations found that cells treated with both H2O2 and beta-amyloid (Aβ,1-42) fibrils showed decreased neuronal cell growth, nuclear damage, and mitochondrial membrane potential due to oxidative stress. However, SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with LS-SLNps for 24 h showed an increase in cell proliferation with uniform morphology and increased mitochondrial membrane potential compared to cells pretreated with LS alone. Gene expression analysis found that LS-SLNps increased the expression of Wnt 3a and 5a, which stimulated the canonical, β-catenin, and non-canonical Camk-II expressions of nerve cell growth factors, confirming the molecular-level reversal of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Al-Saran
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (P.S.-B.)
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (P.S.-B.)
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (P.S.-B.)
| | - Bahauddeen M. Alrfaei
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Minister of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Minister of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (P.S.-B.)
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9
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Jafarzadeh A, Sheikhi A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104778. [PMID: 37907046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells interact with a variety of resident cells and infiltrated immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition and secondary persistent inflammation due to activation of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurodegeneration. The majority of evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of Treg cells in AD. In the early stages of AD, appropriate Treg cell activity is required for the induction of microglia and astrocyte phagocytic activity in order to clear A deposits and prevent neuroinflammation. Such neuroprotective impacts were in part attributed to the ability of Treg cells to suppress deleterious and/or boost beneficial functions of microglia/astrocytes. In the later stages of AD, an effective Treg cell activity needs to prevent neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Treg cells can exert preventive effects on Th1-, and Th17 cell-related pathologic responses, whilst potentiating Th2-mediated protective activity. The impaired Treg cell-related immunomodulatory mechanisms have been described in AD patients and in related animal models which can contribute to the onset and progression of AD. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive figure regarding the role of Treg cells in AD while highlighting potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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10
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Vujovic F, Shepherd CE, Witting PK, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Redox-Mediated Rewiring of Signalling Pathways: The Role of a Cellular Clock in Brain Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1873. [PMID: 37891951 PMCID: PMC10604469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan signalling pathways can be rewired to dampen or amplify the rate of events, such as those that occur in development and aging. Given that a linear network topology restricts the capacity to rewire signalling pathways, such scalability of the pace of biological events suggests the existence of programmable non-linear elements in the underlying signalling pathways. Here, we review the network topology of key signalling pathways with a focus on redox-sensitive proteins, including PTEN and Ras GTPase, that reshape the connectivity profile of signalling pathways in response to an altered redox state. While this network-level impact of redox is achieved by the modulation of individual redox-sensitive proteins, it is the population by these proteins of critical nodes in a network topology of signal transduction pathways that amplifies the impact of redox-mediated reprogramming. We propose that redox-mediated rewiring is essential to regulate the rate of transmission of biological signals, giving rise to a programmable cellular clock that orchestrates the pace of biological phenomena such as development and aging. We further review the evidence that an aberrant redox-mediated modulation of output of the cellular clock contributes to the emergence of pathological conditions affecting the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul K. Witting
- Redox Biology Group, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Ramin M. Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (F.V.); (N.H.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Mota SI, Fão L, Coelho P, Rego AC. Uncovering the Early Events Associated with Oligomeric Aβ-Induced Src Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1770. [PMID: 37760073 PMCID: PMC10525724 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) are formed in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and were previously shown to trigger enhanced Ca2+ levels and mitochondrial dysfunction via the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). Src kinase is a ubiquitous redox-sensitive non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the regulation of several cellular processes, which was demonstrated to have a reciprocal interaction towards NMDAR activation. However, little is known about the early-stage mechanisms associated with AβO-induced neurodysfunction involving Src. Thus, in this work, we analysed the influence of brief exposure to oligomeric Aβ1-42 on Src activation and related mechanisms involving mitochondria and redox changes in mature primary rat hippocampal neurons. Data show that brief exposure to AβO induce H2O2-dependent Src activation involving different cellular events, including NMDAR activation and mediated intracellular Ca2+ rise, enhanced cytosolic and subsequent mitochondrial H2O2 levels, accompanied by mild mitochondrial fragmentation. Interestingly, these effects were prevented by Src inhibition, suggesting a feedforward modulation. The current study supports a relevant role for Src kinase activation in promoting the loss of postsynaptic glutamatergic synapse homeostasis involving cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS generation after brief exposure to AβO. Therefore, restoring Src activity can constitute a protective strategy for mitochondria and related hippocampal glutamatergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Mota
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.I.M.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Fão
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.I.M.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Coelho
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.I.M.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Cristina Rego
- CNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.I.M.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
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