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Kolnik S, Wood TR. Role of Vitamin E in Neonatal Neuroprotection: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071083. [PMID: 35888171 PMCID: PMC9316652 DOI: 10.3390/life12071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (Vit E) is an essential lipophilic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that has potential as a neuroprotectant in newborn infants with brain injury. Vit E has shown promise in many in vitro studies, but success in translation to in vivo animal studies and the clinical setting has been mixed, with concern of adverse effects at high intravenous doses in preterm infants. However, a recent rise in knowledge of the beneficial effects of fat emulsions containing higher levels of Vit E, along with associated improved outcomes in some neonatal co-morbidities, has led many to reconsider Vit E administration as a potential therapeutic modality to improve neurological outcomes in the setting of neonatal brain injury. This narrative review discusses Vit E's structure, mechanism(s) of action, evidence in animal models, and association with health outcomes in neonates, including both dietary and supplemental Vit E and their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics as it relates to the brain. Lastly, long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes along with gaps in current knowledge are critiqued, which to date suggests that additional translational studies in larger animal models and assessment of safety profiles of different routes and doses of administration should be explored prior to large clinical trials. Importantly, a greater understanding of the brain region(s) and cell type(s) affected by Vit E may help to target the use of Vit E as a beneficial neuroprotective agent to specific populations or types of injury seen in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kolnik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Morton SU, Leyshon BJ, Tamilia E, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Ladha I, Lasekan JB, Kuchan MJ, Grant PE, Ou Y. A Role for Data Science in Precision Nutrition and Early Brain Development. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892259. [PMID: 35815018 PMCID: PMC9259898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide biomarkers of early influences on neurodevelopment such as nutrition, environmental and genetic factors. As the exposure to early influences can be separated from neurodevelopmental outcomes by many months or years, MRI markers can serve as an important intermediate outcome in multivariate analyses of neurodevelopmental determinants. Key to the success of such work are recent advances in data science as well as the growth of relevant data resources. Multimodal MRI assessment of neurodevelopment can be supplemented with other biomarkers of neurodevelopment such as electroencephalograms, magnetoencephalogram, and non-imaging biomarkers. This review focuses on how maternal nutrition impacts infant brain development, with three purposes: (1) to summarize the current knowledge about how nutrition in stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding impact infant brain development; (2) to discuss multimodal MRI and other measures of early neurodevelopment; and (3) to discuss potential opportunities for data science and artificial intelligence to advance precision nutrition. We hope this review can facilitate the collaborative march toward precision nutrition during pregnancy and the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Imran Ladha
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Lee KH, Cha M, Lee BH. Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197152. [PMID: 32998277 PMCID: PMC7582347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1711
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Gutowicz M. Antioxidant and detoxycative mechanisms in central nervous system. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.8548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the brain contains a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, consumes up to 20% of oxygen used by the whole body and exhibits low antioxidants activity, it seems to be especially vulnerable to oxidative stress.
The most important antioxidant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, catalase (CAT), which converts toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx), which reduces hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides with glutathione as the cofactor. Among other detoxifying enzymes, the most significant is glutathione transferase (GST), which shows detoksyvarious
catalytic activities allowing for removal of xenobiotics, reducing organic peroxides
and oxidized cell components. One of the most important brain nonenzymatic antioxidants
is reduced glutathione (GSH), which (individually or in cooperation with peroxidases) participates
in the reduction of free radicals, repair of oxidative damage and the regeneration of
other antioxidants, such as ascorbate or tocopherol. Glutathione as a cosubstrate of glutathione
transferase scavenges toxic electrophilic compounds.
Although the etiology of the major neurodegenerative diseases are unknown, numerous data
suggest that reactive oxygen species play an important role.
Even a small change in the level of antioxidants can leads to the many disorders in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Gutowicz
- Katedra Fizjologii Stosowanej i Klinicznej, Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
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Giusepponi D, Galarini R, Barola C, Torquato P, Bartolini D, Moretti S, Saluti G, Gioiello A, Libetta C, Galli F. LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous determination of tocopherols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in human plasma and serum. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:134-143. [PMID: 31009660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin E in both enzymatic and free radical-dependent metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been well demonstrated. This study proposed a new LC-MS/MS method to quantify the main vitamin E forms, their metabolites and main PUFA species in human blood, since, at present, there are not procedures able to simultaneously determine these two classes of compounds. After the optimization of sample treatment and reverse-phase separation conditions, tandem mass spectrometry detection was evaluated experimenting both positive and negative electrospray ionisation modes. The procedure was also preliminarily adapted to assess five arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids that could be under the influence of vitamin E function, such as LTB4 (leukotriene B4), 20-HETE (20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) and their ω-oxidation metabolites. After the validation study, the performance characteristics were confirmed analysing a certified reference material (SRM® 1950 - frozen human plasma by NIST). Finally, an application of the method in the analysis of lipid abnormalities of chronic kidney disease patients was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Giusepponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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