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Sun A, Tian L, Xiong X, Kuchan M, Dai X, Sun H, Wang H, Li X, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Chen J, Mao Y, Li X. Carotenoids in maternal and cord blood, breast milk and their association with maternal dietary intake: a longitudinal study in Shanghai, China. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1041-1052. [PMID: 37926900 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300257x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important bioactive substances in breast milk, the profile of which is seldom studied. This study aimed to explore the profile of carotenoids in breast milk and maternal/cord plasma of healthy mother-neonate pairs in Shanghai, China, and their correlation with dietary intake. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and breast milk samples from five lactation stages (colostrum, transitional milk and early-, mid- and late-term mature milk) were collected. Carotenoid levels were analysed by HPLC. Carotenoid levels in breast milk changed as lactation progressed (P < 0·001). β-Carotene was the primary carotenoid in colostrum. Lutein accounted for approximately 50 % of total carotenoids in transitional milk, mature milk and cord blood. Positive correlations were observed between five carotenoids in umbilical cord blood and maternal blood (P all < 0·001). β-Carotene levels were also correlated between maternal plasma and three stages of breast milk (r = 0·605, P < 0·001; r = 0·456, P = 0·011, r = 0·446; P = 0·013, respectively). Dietary carotenoid intakes of lactating mothers also differed across lactation stages, although no correlation with breast milk concentrations was found. These findings suggest the importance of exploring the transport mechanism of carotenoids between mothers and infants and help guide the development of formulas for Chinese infants as well as the nutritional diets of lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Luojia Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Xiong
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew Kuchan
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Center, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH43219, USA
| | - Xinyao Dai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu610041, People's Republic of China
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Zielinska-Pukos MA, Bryś J, Wesolowska A, Hamulka J. Breastmilk PUFA strongly associated with maternal dietary intake but not anthropometric parameters and breastmilk carotenoids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102505. [PMID: 36279603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the optimal n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio are essential for proper neurodevelopment in infancy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between breastmilk fatty acid intake and maternal dietary intake, anthropometrics and breastmilk carotenoid levels. METHODS This observational, prospective study included 44 women in the first, third, and sixth month of lactation. At each study visit, maternal anthropometric measures were assessed and breastmilk samples were collected and assessed for fatty acids and carotenoids. At the third and sixth month, maternal diet was evaluated by three-day foods record. RESULTS Mean breastmilk docosahexaenoic (DHA) was 0.58%, 0.47%, and 0.49%, respectively at the 1, 3, and 6 month (p ≤ 0.05). Mean DHA intake were higher in month 3 compared to 6: 357 vs. 169 mg/day. Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with SFA, PUFA, and n-6 PUFA at 1 month, whereas current BMI to SFA at months 1 and 3. DHA was correlated with lycopene, total carotenoids at 1 month and total carotenoids at month 3, whereas n-3 PUFA to lycopene at 1 month. DHA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and saturated (SFA) levels were associated with its dietary intake both at months 3 and 6, AA/DHA and LA/ALA ratios only at month 3. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intake of PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were a good predictor of its breastmilk composition, whereas pre-pregnancy and current BMI, as well as breastmilk carotenoids had a limited influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zielinska-Pukos
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - A Wesolowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research, Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Dai X, Yin H, Zhang J, Tian F, Cai X, Mao Y, Sun H, Wang H, Li X, Zhu HL, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhao Y. Carotenoid Profile in Maternal/Cord Plasma and Changes in Breast Milk along Lactation and Its Association with Dietary Intake: A Longitudinal Study in a Coastal City in Southern China. Nutrients 2022; 14:1989. [PMID: 35565956 PMCID: PMC9100325 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes of carotenoids in breast milk were observed longitudinally for up to one year. Our study aimed to analyze the profile of carotenoids in breast milk and maternal/cord plasma and its correlation with dietary intake in Guangzhou. Plasma and breast milk samples of five stages during lactation (i.e., colostrum; transitional milk; and early, medium, and late mature milk) were collected from lactating mothers. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for collecting data on dietary intake in the corresponding stages. Levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that the total carotenoid level decreased gradually with the extension of lactation and eventually stabilized. Among them, the content of lutein increased from colostrum to transitional milk and decreased thereafter until it plateaued in the mature milk. Furthermore, lutein was reported as the dominant nutrient in maternal plasma, cord plasma, transitional milk, and mature milk at up to 400 days postpartum, while beta-carotene was predominant in colostrum. The content of β-carotenoid in middle and late mature breast milk was related to dietary intake (r = 1.690, p < 0.05). Carotenoid level in cord blood was lower than that in the mother’s plasma and was related to the carotenoid intake in the mother’s diet. Correlation of carotenoids between maternal and umbilical cord blood, breast milk, and maternal blood could well reflect the transport of carotenoids. These findings may help to guide mothers’ diets during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Dai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Fang Tian
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yingyi Mao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - He Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.D.); (H.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.S.); (H.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development Centre, Shanghai 200233, China; (F.T.); (X.C.); (Y.M.); (X.L.)
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2029-2050. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Ríos J, Valero-Jara V, Thomas-Valdés S. Phytochemicals in breast milk and their benefits for infants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6821-6836. [PMID: 33792429 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1906627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is widely recommended at least during the first 6 months of life and breast milk (BM) composition depends on maternal diet. Phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, are recognized by their powerful antioxidant activities being present in BM. This review provides an overview of BM composition with respect to polyphenols and carotenoids evaluating its possible benefits for the infant. Polyphenols do not have any body deposit and their content in BM depends on regular dietary intake from mothers and bioavailability of them, while carotenoids content in BM changed depending on factors including stages of breastfeeding, maternal diet and maternal health status. Preeclampsia, overweight or obesity are conditions able to reduce polyphenols and carotenoids in BM by using them as antioxidants. For both polyphenols and carotenoids, the supplementation slightly enhances their BM content. Few studies have shown the presence of phytochemicals in infant plasma and still remains unclear the benefits that polyphenols and carotenoids provide for development of infants. Further studies using long-term, randomized and controlled designs are necessary to determine the relation between carotenoids, polyphenols and its potential benefits for early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Ríos
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Viviana Valero-Jara
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Samanta Thomas-Valdés
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Calvo MV, Aguayo-Maldonado J, Fontecha J. An Integrative Approach of an In Vitro Measurement of the Digestibility of Triacylglycerols of Human Milk. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071935. [PMID: 33808307 PMCID: PMC8037714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have been published regarding the effect of different factors on the digestion of milk lipids, considering their natural structural arrangement as milk fat globules and the efficiency of the digestive enzymes in the lipolysis of such complex structures. During digestion, the lipolytic products are dispersed in vesicles and micelles, which are the source for absorption of digested lipids. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the isolation of the micellar phase from the digesta to appropriately determine the amounts and classes of lipids which are bioaccessible. This study presents an integrative approach that included an isolation procedure to separate the micellar fraction from undigested and non-micellar parts, and the distribution of digested milk lipids in micelles determined directly through chromatographic techniques. Four groups of five full term mothers donated colostrum or mature milk. Two sets of samples were analyzed directly (raw), and two sets were pasteurized and then analyzed. Our data revealed that the profile of digested milk lipids is different depending on the lactation period and processing stage, while the carbon atom number distribution of the digested triacylglycerols in the micellar fraction provides a substantial information regarding the acylglycerols species that are less available for absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954611550
| | - María Visitación Calvo
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | | | - Javier Fontecha
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
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Mackie A, Mulet-Cabero AI, Torcello-Gómez A. Simulating human digestion: developing our knowledge to create healthier and more sustainable foods. Food Funct 2020; 11:9397-9431. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gold standard for nutrition studies is clinical trials but they are expensive and variable, and do not always provide the mechanistic information required, hence the increased use ofin vitroand increasinglyin silicosimulations of digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mackie
- The School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
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Abstract
Carotenoids are a group of natural pigments, consisting of more than 750 compounds known so far [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Str. 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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