1
|
Boylan KA, Dworetzky BA, Baslet G, Polich G, Angela O’Neal M, Reinsberger C. Functional neurological disorder, physical activity and exercise: What we know and what we can learn from comorbid disorders. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2024; 27:100682. [PMID: 38953100 PMCID: PMC11215960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2024.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common neurologic disorder associated with many comorbid symptoms including fatigue, pain, headache, and orthostasis. These concurrent symptoms lead patients to accumulate multiple diagnoses comorbid with FND, including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, persistent post-concussive symptoms, and chronic pain. The role of physical activity and exercise has not been evaluated in FND populations, though has been studied in certain comorbid conditions. In this traditional narrative literature review, we highlight some existing literature on physical activity in FND, then look to comorbid disorders to highlight the therapeutic potential of physical activity. We then consider abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as a potential pathophysiological explanation for symptoms in FND and comorbid disorders and postulate how physical activity and exercise may provide benefit via autonomic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Boylan
- Division of Epilepsy and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Barbara A. Dworetzky
- Division of Epilepsy and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gaston Baslet
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ginger Polich
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M. Angela O’Neal
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Division of Sports Neurology and Neurosciences, Mass General Brigham Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Langeskov-Christensen M, Franzén E, Grøndahl Hvid L, Dalgas U. Exercise as medicine in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-332974. [PMID: 38418216 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-332974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable and progressive neurological disorder leading to deleterious motor and non-motor consequences. Presently, no pharmacological agents can prevent PD evolution or progression, while pharmacological symptomatic treatments have limited effects in certain domains and cause side effects. Identification of interventions that prevent, slow, halt or mitigate the disease is therefore pivotal. Exercise is safe and represents a cornerstone in PD rehabilitation, but exercise may have even more fundamental benefits that could change clinical practice. In PD, the existing knowledge base supports exercise as (1) a protective lifestyle factor preventing the disease (ie, primary prevention), (2) a potential disease-modifying therapy (ie, secondary prevention) and (3) an effective symptomatic treatment (ie, tertiary prevention). Based on current evidence, a paradigm shift is proposed, stating that exercise should be individually prescribed as medicine to persons with PD at an early disease stage, alongside conventional medical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Langeskov-Christensen
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Grøndahl Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish MS Hospitals, Ry and Haslev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhen K, Zhang S, Tao X, Li G, Lv Y, Yu L. A systematic review and meta-analysis on effects of aerobic exercise in people with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:146. [PMID: 36316416 PMCID: PMC9622812 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aerobic exercise is an effective way to improve symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study [PROSPERO CRD42022340730] was to explore the effects of aerobic exercises on balance, gait, motor function, and quality of life in PD patients. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO electronic databases. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature. From 1287 search records initially identified, 20 studies were considered eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on improving timed up and go test [standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.41 (95% CI, -0.61 to -0.22), p < 0.00001], Berg Balance Scale [0.99 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.23), p < 0.00001], stride/step length [0.32 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.61), p = 0.03], gait velocity [0.49 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.78), p = 0.0009], Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part-III [-0.40 (95% CI, -0.55 to -0.24), p < 0.00001], and 6-minute walking test [0.35 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.56), p = 0.002] in people with PD, but not in step cadence [-0.08 (95% CI, -0.43 to 0.27), p = 0.65] and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 [-0.113 (95% CI, -0.39 to 0.13), p = 0.32]. Aerobic exercise had beneficial effects in improving balance, gait (velocity and stride/step length), and motor function in PD patients. However, aerobic exercise had no significant associations with the step cadence and quality of life in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhen
- grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China ,grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China ,grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Tao
- grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Li
- grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China ,grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Laikang Yu
- grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China ,grid.411614.70000 0001 2223 5394Department of Sports Performance, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scarfò G, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Franzoni F, Martini C. Exploring the Role of Lipid-Binding Proteins and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on the Neuroprotective Effects of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2116. [PMID: 36358488 PMCID: PMC9686611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is primarily composed of lipids, and their homeostasis is crucial to carry on normal neuronal functions. In order to provide an adequate amount of lipid transport in and out of the central nervous system, organisms need a set of proteins able to bind them. Therefore, alterations in the structure or function of lipid-binding proteins negatively affect brain homeostasis, as well as increase inflammation and oxidative stress with the consequent risk of neurodegeneration. In this regard, lifestyle changes seem to be protective against neurodegenerative processes. Nutraceutical supplementation with antioxidant molecules has proven to be useful in proving cognitive functions. Additionally, regular physical activity seems to protect neuronal vitality and increases antioxidant defenses. The aim of the present review was to investigate mechanisms that link lipid-binding protein dysfunction and oxidative stress to cognitive decline, also underlining the neuroprotective effects of diet and exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang G, Dong Q, Yang H, Wang F, Chen L, Tang J, Huang G, Zhao Y. Changes Observed in Potential Key Candidate Genes of Peripheral Immunity Induced by Tai Chi among Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101863. [PMID: 36292747 PMCID: PMC9601924 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Although the inhibition of inflammation by Tai Chi has been demonstrated to involve a peripheral cytokine response and may play an important role in improving the motor function of PD patients, the related specific molecular mechanisms of the peripheral immune response to Tai Chi are not fully understood. The microarray dataset ‘GSE124676’ for the peripheral immune response to Tai Chi of PD patients was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 136 DEGs were found in the PD patients after Tai Chi, suggesting an effect of Tai Chi on the peripheral immunity of PD patients. The DEGs are mainly involved in neutrophil activation, T-cell activation, and NOD-like receptor and IL-17 signaling pathways. Furthermore, six key candidate genes (FOS, FOSB, JUNB, ZFP36, CAMP and LCN2) that are involved in peripheral inflammation and the inhibition of inflammation induced by Tai Chi were observed. The results in the present study could be conducive to comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism involved in the effect of Tai Chi on peripheral inflammation in PD patients and providing novel targets for future advanced research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Qun Dong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huixin Yang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Linwei Chen
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Junze Tang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Guoyuan Huang
- Pott College of Science, Engineering and Education, University of Southern Indiana, Indiana, IN 47712, USA
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Early Life Stress Affects Bdnf Regulation: A Role for Exercise Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911729. [PMID: 36233029 PMCID: PMC9569911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) encompasses exposure to aversive experiences during early development, such as neglect or maltreatment. Animal and human studies indicate that ELS has maladaptive effects on brain development, leaving individuals more vulnerable to developing behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. This result occurs in part to disruptions in Brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene regulation, which plays a vital role in early neural programming and brain health in adulthood. A potential treatment mechanism to reverse the effects of ELS on Bdnf expression is aerobic exercise due to its neuroprotective properties and positive impact on Bdnf expression. Aerobic exercise opens the door to exciting and novel potential treatment strategies because it is a behavioral intervention readily and freely available to the public. In this review, we discuss the current literature investigating the use of exercise interventions in animal models of ELS to reverse or mitigate ELS-induced changes in Bdnf expression. We also encourage future studies to investigate sensitive periods of exercise exposure, as well as sufficient duration of exposure, on epigenetic and behavioral outcomes to help lead to standardized practices in the exercise intervention field.
Collapse
|
7
|
Senior Fitness Test in the assessment of the physical fitness of people with Parkinson's disease. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111421. [PMID: 34051286 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is worth special attention among all the diseases and disorders of the nervous system, since its effects impact the capability of undertaking physical activity. The aim of the study was to analyze the use of the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) in determining the influence of physical rehabilitation on the level of physical fitness, and to assess the correlation between SFT and the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) in patients with PD both participating and not participating in physical rehabilitation. The study was conducted in a group of 69 people (age 63.86 ± 5.43 y), with diagnosed idiopathic PD in 2nd stage in the Hoehn and Yahr scale (duration 6.52 ± 5.72 y). To determine the level of mobility of the subjects, the SFT and parts II, III, and IV of the MDS-UPDRS were used. Subjects were divided into participants (A) and non-participants (B) in physical rehabilitation. Correlation coefficients between the MDS-UPDRS and SFT were calculated after the 6-month study period. Participation in the process of physical rehabilitation significantly improved the physical fitness of the exercisers. A strong correlation was observed between the results obtained in the SFT and the assessment obtained on the basis of the MDS-UPDRS scale. It has been found that the SFT is a sensitive diagnostic tool in assessing the physical fitness of people with PD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Scarfò G, Daniele S, Franzoni F. Antioxidant Capability and Physical Exercise in Neurobiology: A Focus in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020250. [PMID: 33562040 PMCID: PMC7915973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|