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Acito M, Varfaj I, Brighenti V, Cengiz EC, Rondini T, Fatigoni C, Russo C, Pietrella D, Pellati F, Bartolini D, Sardella R, Moretti M, Villarini M. A novel black poplar propolis extract with promising health-promoting properties: focus on its chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-genotoxic activities. Food Funct 2024; 15:4983-4999. [PMID: 38606532 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture produced by honeybees which has been used since ancient times for its useful properties. However, its chemical composition and bioactivity may vary, depending on the geographical area of origin and the type of tree bees use for collecting pollen. In this context, this research aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and the total antioxidant capacity (using the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays) of three black poplar (Populus nigra L.) propolis (BPP) solutions (S1, S2, and S3), as well as the chemical composition (HPLC-ESI-MSn) and biological activities (effect on cell viability, genotoxic/antigenotoxic properties, and anti-inflammatory activity, and effect on ROS production) of the one which showed the highest antioxidant activity (S1). The hydroalcoholic BPP solution S1 was a prototype of an innovative, research-type product by an Italian nutraceutical manufacturer. In contrast, hydroalcoholic BPP solutions S2 and S3 were conventional products purchased from local pharmacy stores. For the three extracts, 50 phenolic compounds, encompassing phenolic acids and flavonoids, were identified. In summary, the results showed an interesting chemical profile and the remarkable antioxidant, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and ROS-modulating activities of the innovative BPP extract S1, paving the way for future research. In vivo investigations will be a possible line to take, which may help corroborate the hypothesis of the potential health benefits of this product, and even stimulate further ameliorations of the new prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emine Ceren Cengiz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tommaso Rondini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carla Russo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale S. Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale S. Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Effect of Cocoa Roasting on Chocolate Polyphenols Evolution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020469. [PMID: 36830027 PMCID: PMC9952295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa and chocolate antioxidants might contribute to human health through, for instance, blood flow improvement or blood pressure and glycemia reduction, as well as cognitive function improvement. Unfortunately, polyphenol content is reduced during cocoa fermentation, drying, roasting and all the other phases involved in the chocolate production. Here, we investigated the evolution of the polyphenol content during all the different steps of chocolate production, with a special emphasis on roasting (3 different roasting cycles with 80, 100, and 130 °C as maximum temperature). Samples were followed throughout all processes by evaluating the total polyphenols content, the antioxidant power, the epicatechin content, and epicatechin mean degree of polymerization (phloroglucinol adducts method). Results showed a similar trend for total polyphenol content and antioxidant power with an unexpected bell-shaped curve: an increase followed by a decrease for the three different roasting temperatures. At the intermediate temperature (100 °C), the higher polyphenol content was found just after roasting. The epicatechin content had a trend similar to that of total polyphenol content but, interestingly, the mean degree of polymerization data had the opposite behavior with some deviation in the case of the highest temperature, probably due to epicatechin degradation. It seems likely that roasting can free epicatechin from oligomers, as a consequence of oligomers remodeling.
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Ciardi M, Ianni F, Sardella R, Di Bona S, Cossignani L, Germani R, Tiecco M, Clementi C. Effective and Selective Extraction of Quercetin from Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Skin Waste Using Water Dilutions of Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216465. [PMID: 34771995 PMCID: PMC8585411 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are experiencing growing interest as substitutes of polluting organic solvents for their low or absent toxicity and volatility. Moreover, they can be formed with natural bioavailable and biodegradable molecules; they are synthesized in absence of hazardous solvents. DESs are, inter alia, successfully used for the extraction/preconcentration of biofunctional molecules from complex vegetal matrices. Onion skin is a highly abundant waste material which represents a reservoir of molecules endowed with valuable biological properties such as quercetin and its glycosylated forms. An efficient extraction of these molecules from dry onion skin from "Dorata di Parma" cultivar was obtained with water dilution of acid-based DESs. Glycolic acid (with betaine 2/1 molar ratio and L-Proline 3/1 molar ratio as counterparts) and of p-toluensulphonic acid (with benzyltrimethylammonium methanesulfonate 1/1 molar ratio)-based DESs exhibited more than 3-fold higher extraction efficiency than methanol (14.79 µg/mL, 18.56 µg/mL, 14.83 µg/mL vs. 5.84 µg/mL, respectively). The extracted quercetin was also recovered efficaciously (81% of recovery) from the original extraction mixture. The proposed extraction protocol revealed to be green, efficacious and selective for the extraction of quercetin from onion skin and it could be useful for the development of other extraction procedures from other biological matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciardi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotecnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (S.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Bona
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotecnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (S.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.I.); (R.S.); (L.C.)
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raimondo Germani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotecnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (S.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotecnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (S.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Catia Clementi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotecnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (S.D.B.); (R.G.); (C.C.)
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Antioxidant Power on Dermal Cells by Textiles Dyed with an Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Skin Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111655. [PMID: 34829526 PMCID: PMC8614688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the phenol loading and antioxidant activity of wool yarn prepared with the aqueous extract of onion (Allium cepa L.) skin was enhanced by implementing the dyeing process with the use of alum as a mordant. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were applied for the characterization of polyphenolic substances loaded on the wool yarn. The antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by determining the level of intra- and extra-cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide put in contact with artificial sweat. An elevated dye uptake on wool was observed for the pre-mordanted sample, as demonstrated by high absorbance values in the UV-Visible spectral range. Chromatographic results showed that protocatechuic acid and its glucoside were the main phenolic acid released in artificial sweat by the wool yarns, while quercetin-4′-glucoside and its aglycone quercetin were more retained. The extract released from the textile immersed in artificial sweat showed a significant reducing effect on the intra-and extracellular ROS levels in the two cell lines considered. Cytofluorimetric analyses demonstrated that the selected mordant was safe at the concentration used in the dyeing procedure. Therefore, alum pre-mordanted textiles dyed with onion-skin extracts may represent an interesting tool against skin diseases.
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Miyazawa T, Itaya M, Burdeos GC, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. A Critical Review of the Use of Surfactant-Coated Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine and Food Nanotechnology. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3937-3999. [PMID: 34140768 PMCID: PMC8203100 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s298606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants, whose existence has been recognized as early as 2800 BC, have had a long history with the development of human civilization. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in the latter half of the 20th century, breakthroughs in nanomedicine and food nanotechnology using nanoparticles have been remarkable, and new applications have been developed. The technology of surfactant-coated nanoparticles, which provides new functions to nanoparticles for use in the fields of nanomedicine and food nanotechnology, is attracting a lot of attention in the fields of basic research and industry. This review systematically describes these "surfactant-coated nanoparticles" through various sections in order: 1) surfactants, 2) surfactant-coated nanoparticles, application of surfactant-coated nanoparticles to 3) nanomedicine, and 4) food nanotechnology. Furthermore, current progress and problems of the technology using surfactant-coated nanoparticles through recent research reports have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Itaya
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Gregor C Burdeos
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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