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Acito M, Varfaj I, Brighenti V, Cengiz EC, Rondini T, Fatigoni C, Russo C, Pietrella D, Pellati F, Bartolini D, Sardella R, Moretti M, Villarini M. A novel black poplar propolis extract with promising health-promoting properties: focus on its chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-genotoxic activities. Food Funct 2024; 15:4983-4999. [PMID: 38606532 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture produced by honeybees which has been used since ancient times for its useful properties. However, its chemical composition and bioactivity may vary, depending on the geographical area of origin and the type of tree bees use for collecting pollen. In this context, this research aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and the total antioxidant capacity (using the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays) of three black poplar (Populus nigra L.) propolis (BPP) solutions (S1, S2, and S3), as well as the chemical composition (HPLC-ESI-MSn) and biological activities (effect on cell viability, genotoxic/antigenotoxic properties, and anti-inflammatory activity, and effect on ROS production) of the one which showed the highest antioxidant activity (S1). The hydroalcoholic BPP solution S1 was a prototype of an innovative, research-type product by an Italian nutraceutical manufacturer. In contrast, hydroalcoholic BPP solutions S2 and S3 were conventional products purchased from local pharmacy stores. For the three extracts, 50 phenolic compounds, encompassing phenolic acids and flavonoids, were identified. In summary, the results showed an interesting chemical profile and the remarkable antioxidant, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and ROS-modulating activities of the innovative BPP extract S1, paving the way for future research. In vivo investigations will be a possible line to take, which may help corroborate the hypothesis of the potential health benefits of this product, and even stimulate further ameliorations of the new prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emine Ceren Cengiz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tommaso Rondini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carla Russo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale S. Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale S. Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Acito M, Cangelosi G, Petrelli F, Moretti M, Villarini M, Celestino A, Sordoni E, Grappasonni I. Eating and lifestyle habits and primary school health-related pro-grams: a survey involving Italian children and teachers. Ann Ig 2024; 36:123-143. [PMID: 38236002 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Childhood overweight and obesity represent serious public health concerns in several countries worldwide, including Italy, where the highest prevalence in Europe of overweight and obesity among primary school children was recorded. Among others, primary schools represent suitable social environments for health education projects. In this perspective, to optimize resources and plan successful activities, it is necessary, first of all, to analyze the context of the intervention. Study design A pilot survey involving children and teachers was conducted in a primary school in Jesi (Le Marche Region, Italy). Methods A questionnaire was submitted by teachers between May and June 2023 to 104 pupils (aged 6-11) from the five different primary school system classes. A qualitative questionnaire was also filled out by the same teachers (n = 5) who were present while the children were filling the eating/lifestyle questionnaire. Results Most of the children (96.1%) had breakfast before school, with milk and cereal (51.5%) representing the preferred com-bination. During recess, 59.2% of pupils usually have a sandwich, 23.3% usually have sweet snacks, whereas only 2.9% have a fruit. Over 55% of the sample preferred drinking high-sugar beverages to water, and 15.5% declared going to a fast-food restaurant more than once a week. Over 17% of children did sport only once a week or less often. Over 64% of children habitually played videogames, and 77.6% normally watched TV or played with a tablet/smartphone while eating. Finally, the teachers' interview highlighted that there were no active health-related projects addressed to the pupils, and the school did not normally organize me-etings with health professionals to increase children's and their parents' knowledge and awareness about healthy eating habits. Conclusions This preliminary investigation analyzed the context for a future health and nutrition education project and will assist researchers in planning successful activities and increasing the efficiency of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Petrelli
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Celestino
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sordoni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Iolanda Grappasonni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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Cangelosi G, Acito M, Grappasonni I, Nguyen CTT, Tesauro M, Pantanetti P, Morichetti L, Ceroni E, Benni A, Petrelli F. Yoga or Mindfulness on Diabetes: Scoping Review for Theoretical Experimental Framework. Ann Ig 2024; 36:153-168. [PMID: 38265639 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background About one in 11 adults worldwide suffers from diabetic disease with constantly increasing prevalence; from the 529 million patients registered in 2021, the number of people with diabetes was predicted to rise to approximately 1.31 billion in 2050. In Italy, 5.9% of the population is diabetic, with a higher prevalence with increasing age and in the South of the country. Yoga and Mindfulness could represent a valid support for the care of diabetic subjects especially in a stressful caring context such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Study Design A scoping review was conducted to achieve the goals of the study. Yoga or Mindfulness interventions on diabetic subjects were specifically analyzed and qualitative-quantitative data collected in the selected randomized controlled trials were extensive for possible meta-analysis. Methods The review was conducted by two independent practitioners and a third one was consulted in case of conflict. The PRISMA method was used for both the selection and reporting of the studies to be included. Specific PICOS and search strategies have been developed on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Included in the review were: randomised controlled trials, full dissertation articles and papers in English with a time limit on May 31, 2022. Results The Review included 22 studies; 12 on Mindfulness, 9 on Yoga and one about both disciplines; among these, one studied patients with Type 1 Diabetes, 14 with Type 2 Diabetes, 6 with both and one with Gestational Diabetes. Only one paper studied adolescent subjects while the other 21 focused on a range of adult subjects. The studies showed that Yoga and Mindfulness have strong potential not only on stress management, but also on clinical-metabolic parameters. Conclusions The recent Covid-19 pandemic has certainly redesigned a new way of treating and managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes. An increasingly fragile population, and with the growing need to reduce overall stress levels, could find alternative practices in Yoga and Mindfulness to support conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Iolanda Grappasonni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Administration and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marina Tesauro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Morichetti
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Petrelli
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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Bonetta S, Macrì M, Acito M, Villarini M, Moretti M, Bonetta S, Bosio D, Mariella G, Bellisario V, Bergamaschi E, Carraro E. DNA damage in workers exposed to pigment grade titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and association with biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 105:104328. [PMID: 38013010 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating DNA damage, micronuclei frequency and meta-nuclear alterations in buccal cells of workers involved in pigment-grade TiO2 production (15 exposed and 20 not-exposed). We also assessed associations of genotoxicity biomarkers with oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers in urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), as well as possible associations between biomarkers and reported respiratory symptoms. In spite of compliance with TiO2 Occupational Exposure Limits, results showed increased direct/oxidative DNA damage and micronuclei frequency in exposed workers. Genotoxicity parameters were associated with oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in urine and EBC, thus confirming that TiO2 exposure can affect the oxidative balance. Workers with higher genotoxic/oxidative stress biomarkers levels reported early respiratory symptoms suggesting that molecular alterations can be predictive of early health dysfunctions. These findings suggest the need to assess early health impairment in health surveillance programs and to address properly safety issues in workplaces where TiO2 is handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - M Macrì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - M Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Si Bonetta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - D Bosio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - G Mariella
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - V Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - E Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - E Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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di Vito R, Acito M, Fatigoni C, Schiesser CH, Davies MJ, Mangiavacchi F, Villarini M, Santi C, Moretti M. Genotoxicity assessment of 1,4-anhydro-4-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal) in human liver HepG2 and HepaRG cells. Toxicology 2023; 499:153663. [PMID: 37924933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Anhydro-4-seleno-D-talitol (SeTal) is a highly water-soluble selenosugar with interesting antioxidant and skin-tissue-repair properties; it is highly stable in simulated gastric and gastrointestinal fluids and is a potential pharmaceutical ingredient that may be administered orally. Hepatic toxicity is often a major problem with novel drugs and can result in drug withdrawal from the market. Predicting hepatotoxicity is therefore essential to minimize late failure in the drug-discovery process. Herein, we report in vitro studies to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SeTal in HepG2 and hepatocyte-like differentiated HepaRG cells. Except for extremely high concentrations (10 mM, 68 h-treatment in HepG2), SeTal did not affect the viability of each cell type. While the highest examined concentrations (0.75 and 1 mM in HepG2; 1 mM in HepaRG) were observed to induce primary DNA damage, SeTal did not exhibit clastogenic or aneugenic activity toward either HepG2 or HepaRG cells. Moreover, no significant cytostasis variations were observed in any experiment. The clearly negative results observed in the CBMN test suggest that SeTal might be used as a potential active pharmaceutical ingredient. The present study will be useful for the selection of non-toxic concentrations of SeTal in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella di Vito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carl H Schiesser
- Seleno Therapeutics Pty. Ltd., Brighton East, Victoria 3187, Australia.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Seleno Therapeutics Pty. Ltd., Brighton East, Victoria 3187, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Francesca Mangiavacchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Cangelosi G, Grappasonni I, Nguyen CTT, Acito M, Pantanetti P, Benni A, Petrelli F. Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and Lifestyle Medicine (LM) for support and care of patients with type II diabetes in the COVID-19 era: a cross-observational study. Acta Biomed 2023; 94:e2023189. [PMID: 37846735 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94is3.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes affects 425 million people worldwide (range 20-79 years). Of these, between 87% and 91% are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and 79% live in medium/low income countries. OBJECTIVES the main objective of the study was to observe, through the administration of specific questionnaires, the relationship existing between metabolic clinical parameters, quality of life of patients with DM2 and adherence to the MedDiet at first access to Diabetes Center in the period after the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary objective was to observe the results obtained both qualitatively and quantitatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS the study was a cross-sectional study. Two types of questionnaires were administered; the first (Medi-Lite) that expresses with specific score the level of "Mediterraneanness" diet while the second concerns the assessment of the SF-36 quality of life. Quantitative data such as biochemical and anthropometric parameters were collected and, through multiple regression, based on the method of least squares (OLS Model) and through the Gretl open source software were analyzed. RESULTS fifty-two of the 90 patients at first access to the recruiting center in the period considered, met the inclusion criteria and and written consent. None of the estimated coefficients was statistically significant except Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), with a p-value < 0.0466. With an improvement in the level of "Mediterraneanness" there is a favorable relationship regarding creatinine, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), DBP and glycemia. CONCLUSIONS The necessary post-COVID-19 territorial management cannot fail to take into consideration this new method of care which puts the patient and the community to which they belong at the center of the complex process of assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iolanda Grappasonni
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Administration and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paola Pantanetti
- Units of Diabetology, ASUR Marche, Area Vasta 4, 63900 Fermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Benni
- Units of Diabetology, ASUR Marche, Area Vasta 4, 63900 Fermo, Italy.
| | - Fabio Petrelli
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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Acito M, Natalucci V, Rondini T, Gargano G, Emili R, Moretti M, Barbieri E, Villarini A, Villarini M. The DianaWeb cohort during the first COVID-19 lockdown: changes in eating behaviour in women with breast cancer. Acta Biomed 2023; 94:e2023135. [PMID: 37695191 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94is3.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Home confinement during the first wave of COVID-19 subverted people's routines and generated a lot of stress among individuals. In addition to the 'pure' mental health consequences-a major public health concern, itself-this stressful situation led to a risk of worsening eating behaviours. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential deterioration of dietary habits in a cohort of women with breast cancer (BC). METHODS We used data from 781 women with BC enrolled in the DianaWeb project. We used validated questionnaires to collect data concerning socio-demographic/anthropometric parameters, quality of life (QoL), lifestyle and the change in dietary habits before and during the lockdown period (December 2019 and June 2020). RESULTS Data showed that psychiatric treatment, QoL and health perception significantly affected the food choices of the cohort (p = 0.048, p=0.002, and p=0.001, respectively), decisively contributing to a worsening in their eating behaviour. Moreover, sedentary behaviour during the lockdown also influenced food choice (p = 0.010): individuals who increased their sedentary behaviour were more likely to decrease their intake of recommended foods (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS In summary, emotional state and mood-here investigated as QoL and health perception-definitely affected dietary habits in women with BC in the first COVID-19 lockdown. Given the centrality of correct eating behaviour in BC management, psychological aspects should not be contemplated merely as confined mental health matters but should be definitely taken into consideration also as factors that seriously affect an individual's healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rita Emili
- Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Urbino.
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Serio F, Imbriani G, Acito M, Moretti M, Fanizzi FP, De Donno A, Valacchi G. Moderate red wine intake and cardiovascular health protection: a literature review. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37403999 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Wine is a complex matrix consisting primarily of water (86%) and ethyl alcohol (12%), as well as other different molecules, such as polyphenols, organic acids, tannins, compound minerals, vitamins and biologically active compounds which play an important role in the specific characteristics of each wine. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, moderate red wine consumption-defined as up to two units of alcohol per day for men and up to one unit of alcohol per day for women-significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease which represents the major causes of mortality, and disability, in developed countries. We reviewed the available literature concerning the potential relationship between moderate red wine consumption and cardiovascular health. We searched Medline, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) for randomized controlled studies and case-control studies published from 2002 to 2022. A total of 27 articles were selected for the review. According to epidemiological evidence, drinking red wine in moderation lowers the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Red wine contains both alcoholic and non-alcoholic ingredients; however, it is yet unclear which is to blame for these effects. Combining wine with the diet of healthy individuals may add additional benefits. New studies should focus more on the characterization of the individual components of wine, to allow the analysis and study of the impact of each of them on the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Imbriani
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Mattia Acito
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis 28081, NC, USA
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Acito M, Fatigoni C, Villarini M, Moretti M. Effect of Cooking and Domestic Storage on the Antioxidant Activity of Lenticchia di Castelluccio di Norcia, an Italian PGI Lentil Landrace. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2585. [PMID: 36767948 PMCID: PMC9916172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterise Lenticchia di Castelluccio di Norcia (an Italian PGI lentil landrace) and assess the impact of cooking and storage on antioxidant activity. After opening the package (T0), samples were analysed using a set of chemical assays (i.e., total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays). Analyses were also conducted on boiled, pressure-cooked, and 6-month-stored (T1) products. At both T0 and T1, raw Lenticchia di Castelluccio di Norcia PGI showed higher total phenolic content (T0: 9.08 mg GAE/g, T1: 7.76 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH T0: 33.02 µmol TE/g, T1: 29.23 µmol TE/g; ABTS T0: 32.12 µmol CE/g, T1: 31.77 µmol CE/g; ORAC T0: 3.58 μmol TE/g, T1: 3.60 μmol TE/g) than boiled and pressure-cooked samples. Overall, pressure-cooking led to a smaller decline in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than the common boiling procedure. Domestic storage led to a significant reduction in total phenolic content-both in raw and cooked products-but not in antioxidant activity. In summary, these results highlighted interesting amounts of phenols and antioxidant properties of this product, showing the impact of routine procedures. Given the relevance of pulses as sustainable plant-based meat alternatives and their importance in the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health professionals should consider these aspects in the context of correct nutrition education and scientific communication.
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Acito M, Rondini T, Gargano G, Moretti M, Villarini M, Villarini A. How the COVID-19 pandemic has affected eating habits and physical activity in breast cancer survivors: the DianaWeb study. J Cancer Surviv 2022:10.1007/s11764-022-01294-w. [PMCID: PMC9745269 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer (BC) survivors are increasingly interested in learning about healthy lifestyles to reduce the risk of BC recurrence and mortality. The DianaWeb study, a community-based participatory research, offers BC patients a specific interactive website to help them in adopting and maintain correct lifestyles, in line with World Cancer Research Fund recommendations. However, to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries introduced restrictions which, inevitably, caused sudden lifestyle changes. The current study aimed at evaluating changes in lifestyle in BC survivors before, during, and after the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used data of 224 BC cancer survivors enrolled in the DianaWeb study. We evaluated the adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines, to Mediterranean diet (MD), and WCRF recommendations, at baseline, during and after the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimated the association between PA, MD, and WCRF adherence with sociodemographic characteristics, years from enrolment in the DianaWeb study, and type of breast cancer. Results As expected, during confinement periods, we observed a significant decrease in walking activity and in the percentage of patients performing vigorous PA. In post-quarantine, total weekly energy expenditure increased significantly. BC patients participating in the DianaWeb study for more than 3 years were more likely to be more active. There were no changes in MD and WCRF adherence. Conclusions Our results show that the proposed interactive website was useful in achieving durable lifestyle changes, that have not been undermined either during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for Cancer Survivors Patient education is essential for guiding BC survivors toward improving their health outcomes; therefore, an interactive website like the one proposed by the DianaWeb study may be useful to improve healthy lifestyles. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11764-022-01294-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rondini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gargano
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Villarini
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Settimio Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Acito M, Russo C, Fatigoni C, Mercanti F, Moretti M, Villarini M. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Senecio vulgaris L. Extracts: An In Vitro Assessment in HepG2 Liver Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14824. [PMID: 36429544 PMCID: PMC9690910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Senecio vulgaris L. is a herbaceous species found worldwide. The demonstrated occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in this species and its ability to invade a great variety of habitats result in a serious risk of contamination of plant material batches addressed to the herbal teas market; this presents a potential health risk for consumers. In light of the above, this work aimed to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of S. vulgaris extracts in HepG2 cells. Dried plants were ground and extracted using two different methods, namely an organic solvent-based procedure (using methanol and chloroform), and an environmentally friendly extraction procedure (i.e., aqueous extraction), which mimicked the domestic preparation of herbal teas (5, 15, and 30 min of infusion). Extracts were then tested in HepG2 cells for their cytotoxic and genotoxic potentialities. Results were almost superimposable in both extracts, showing a slight loss in cell viability at the highest concentration tested, and a marked dose-dependent genotoxicity exerted by non-cytotoxic concentrations. It was found that the genotoxic effect is even more pronounced in aqueous extracts, which induced primary DNA damage after five minutes of infusion even at the lowest concentration tested. Given the broad intake of herbal infusions worldwide, this experimental approach might be proposed as a screening tool in the analysis of plant material lots addressed to the herbal infusion market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Mercanti
- Sana Pianta Soc. Agricola S.a.s., Strada Tiberina Nord 228, 06134 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
- Inter-University Centre for the Environment (CIPLA-Centro Interuniversitario per l’Ambiente), University of Perugia, Piazza Università 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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di Vito R, Levorato S, Fatigoni C, Acito M, Sancineto L, Traina G, Villarini M, Santi C, Moretti M. In vitro toxicological assessment of PhSeZnCl in human liver cells. Toxicol Res 2022; 39:105-114. [PMID: 36721677 PMCID: PMC9839901 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylselenenylzinc chloride (PhSeZnCl) is an air-stable selenolate, easily synthesizable through oxidative insertion of elemental zinc into the Se-halogen bond of the commercially available phenylselenyl chloride. PhSeZnCl was shown to possess a marked GPx-like activity both in NMR and in vitro tests, and to effectively react with cellular thiols, and was supposed for a potential use in the chemotherapy of drug-resistant cancers. However, activity of PhSeZnCl in hepatic cells has never been tested before now. In this in vitro approach, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activities, as well as the effects on cell cycle of PhSeZnCl in two preclinical hepatic models, namely HepG2 and HepaRG cells. Results showed that cell viability of HepG2 and HepaRG cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner, with a more marked effect in HepG2 tumour cells. Moreover, treatment with 50 µg/mL PhSeZnCl caused an increase of primary DNA damage (4 h) and a statistically significant increase of HepG2 cells arrested in G2/M phase. In addition, it altered mitochondrial membrane potential and induced chromosomal DNA fragmentation (24 h). In HepaRG cells, PhSeZnCl was able to determine a cell cycle-independent induction of apoptosis. Particularly, 50 µg/mL induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization after 24 h and apoptosis after 4 h treatment. Futhermore, all PhSeZnCl concentrations tested determined a significant increase of apoptotic cells after 24 h. Apoptosis was also highlighted by the detection of active Caspase-3 by Western Blot analysis after 24 h exposure. In conclusion, this first toxicological assessment provides new insights into the biological activity of PhSeZnCl in preclinical hepatic models that will be useful in future safety assessment investigation of this compound as a potential pharmaceutical. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00148-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella di Vito
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy ,grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Physiology), University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Levorato
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy ,grid.483440.f0000 0004 1792 4701Present Address: European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Acito
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Traina
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Physiology), University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Acito M, Palomba M, Fatigoni C, Villarini M, Sancineto L, Santi C, Moretti M. Fagiolina del Trasimeno, an Italian cowpea landrace: Effect of different cooking techniques and domestic storage on chemical and biological features. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health) University of Perugia Via del Giochetto 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry) University of Perugia Via del Liceo 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health) University of Perugia Via del Giochetto 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health) University of Perugia Via del Giochetto 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry) University of Perugia Via del Liceo 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry) University of Perugia Via del Liceo 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health) University of Perugia Via del Giochetto 06122 Perugia Italy
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14
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Bonetta S, Macrì M, Acito M, Bonetta S, Bergamaschi E, Carraro E. Use of Comet Assay and Micronucleus test as noninvasive biomarkers in workers occupationally exposed to TiO2. Saf Health Work 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Natalucci V, Villarini M, Emili R, Acito M, Vallorani L, Barbieri E, Villarini A. Special Attention to Physical Activity in Breast Cancer Patients during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: The DianaWeb Cohort. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050381. [PMID: 34066580 PMCID: PMC8148515 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights that physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased recurrence risk, improved survival and quality of life for breast cancer (BC) patients. Our study aimed to explore patterns of increased/decreased PA, and sedentary behaviors among BC women of the DianaWeb cohort during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, and examined the association with residential locations, work changes, different modality used to increase PA, and quality of life. The study analyzed the questionnaires completed by the 781 BC women (age 54.68 ± 8.75 years on both December 2019 and June 2020. Results showed a decrease of 22%, 57%, and 26% for walking activity, vigorous activity, and total PA, respectively. Sitting/lying time increased up to 54.2% of the subjects recruited. High quality of life was associated with lower odds of being sedentary (p = 0.003). Our findings suggest that innovative health management fostering compliance with current guidelines for PA and active behavior should be implemented, especially in unpredictable emergency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Natalucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.N.); (L.V.)
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-075-5857419 (M.V.); +39-0722-303417 (E.B.)
| | - Rita Emili
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, ASUR Area Vasta 1, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Luciana Vallorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.N.); (L.V.)
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (V.N.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (E.B.); Tel.: +39-075-5857419 (M.V.); +39-0722-303417 (E.B.)
| | - Anna Villarini
- Department of Research, Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Villarini M, Acito M, di Vito R, Vannini S, Dominici L, Fatigoni C, Pagiotti R, Moretti M. Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Artichoke Leaf Extracts in Human HT-29 and RKO Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18084166. [PMID: 33920761 PMCID: PMC8071198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi, popularly known as artichoke, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Artichoke leaf extracts (ALEs) have been widely used in traditional medicine because of their hepatoprotective, cholagogic, hypoglycaemic, hypolipemic and antibacterial properties. ALEs are also recognized for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activities, as well as effect on cell growth of ALEs on human colon cancer HT-29 and RKO cells. HT-29 and RKO cells exhibit a different p53 status: RKO cells express the wild-type protein, whereas HT-29 cells express a p53-R273H contact mutant. (2) Methods: Four different ALEs were obtained by sequential extraction of dried artichoke leaves; ALEs were characterized for their content in chlorogenic acid, cynaropicrin, and caffeoylquinic acids. HT-29 and RKO cells were used for in vitro testing (i.e., cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis induction). (3) Results: Two out of the four tested ALEs showed marked effects on cell vitality toward HT-29 and RKO tumour cells. The effect was accompanied by a genotoxic activity exerted at a non-cytotoxic concentrations, by a significant perturbation of cell cycle (i.e., with increase of cells in the sub-G1 phase), and by the induction of apoptosis. (4) Conclusions: ALEs rich in cynaropicrin, caffeoylquinic acids, and chlorogenic acid showed to be capable of affecting HT-29 and RKO colon cancer cells by inducing favourable biological effects: cell cycle perturbation, activation of mitochondrial dependent pathway of apoptosis, and the induction of genotoxic effects probably mediated by the induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these results weigh in favour of a potential cancer chemotherapeutic activity of ALEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Villarini
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Mattia Acito
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Raffaella di Vito
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Samuele Vannini
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Luca Dominici
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Rita Pagiotti
- Unit of Plant Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-5857420
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17
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Villarini M, Guerrera E, Vannini S, Dominici L, Gianfredi V, Fatigoni C, Acito M, Moretti M. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of road tunnel construction workers: buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Ann Ig 2020; 33:307-321. [PMID: 33270078 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2020.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Results Road tunnel construction workers revealed higher frequencies of cells with genotoxic damage (i.e., MN and NBUD). MN and NBUD resulted to be Poisson distributed and counts of these genotoxicity biomarkers were then analysed by Poisson regression. The frequency ratio (FR) for MN was 1.31 (95% CI: 0.84-2.04), with an increase in the exposed subjects; this finding, though indicating a higher genotoxic risk in the exposed subjects, did not reach statistical significance. On the other hand, the FR for NBUD was 3.49 (95% CI: 1.86-6.56), with a statistically significant increased risk of chromosomal damage. Even the frequencies of binucleated cells (a marker of cell proliferation) and pyknotic cells (a cell death biomarker) were significantly higher in tunnel workers. Introduction Tunnel construction workers are exposed to complex mixtures of toxic agents, some of which are known to be genotoxic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic risk in this occupational setting by comparing tunnel workers with a control group for frequencies of nuclear aberrations in oral exfoliated cells. Methods To evaluate the genotoxic effects of tunnel air pollutants, we conducted a cross-sectional, molecular epidemiological study (35 tunnel workers and 35 healthy controls) using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. A questionnaire was administered to obtain information about demographic variables, lifestyle, dietary habits, anthropometric data, and occupational history. Buccal mucosa cells were collected by scraping the buccal mucosa with a small-headed toothbrush. Coded slides were examined blind by trained scorers for micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NBUD), and other nuclear abnormalities. Conclusions Our observations provide further knowledge and understanding of the occupational hazards of tunnel workers and confirm the complexity of effects (cytotoxic and genotoxic) probably induced by fumes and dust produced in underground operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy
| | - E Guerrera
- Technical Advisory Department for Risk Assessment and Prevention (CONTARP), Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Perugia, Italy
| | - S Vannini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy
| | - L Dominici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy
| | - V Gianfredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - C Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Italy
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Acito M, Bartolini D, Ceccarini MR, Russo C, Vannini S, Dominici L, Codini M, Villarini M, Galli F, Beccari T, Moretti M. Imbalance in the antioxidant defence system and pro-genotoxic status induced by high glucose concentrations: In vitro testing in human liver cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:105001. [PMID: 32942007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that high glucose concentrations might contribute to the overall intracellular oxidative stress either by the direct generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by altering the redox balance. Moreover, it has also been suggested that high glucose concentration can increase the susceptibility of DNA to genotoxic effects of xenobiotics. The aim of this approach was to test high glucose concentrations for pro-genotoxicity in human liver cells by setting up an in vitro model for hyperglycaemia. The experimental design included performing of tests on both human HepG2 tumour cells and HepaRG immortalized cells. Increased cell susceptibility to genotoxic xenobiotics was tested by challenging cell cultures with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and evaluating the extent of primary DNA damage by comet assay. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between glucose concentration and intracellular ROS, as well as the effects of glucose concentration on the induction of Nrf2-dependent genes such as Glutathione S-transferases, Heme‑oxygenase-1, and Glutathione peroxidase-4. To investigate the involvement of ROS in the induced pro-genotoxic activity, parallel experimental sets were set up by considering co-treatment of cells with the model mutagen 4NQO and the antioxidant, glutathione precursor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. High glucose concentrations caused a significant increase in the levels of primary DNA damage, with a pro-genotoxic condition closely related to the concentration of glucose in the culture medium when cells were exposed to 4NQO. High glucose concentrations also stimulated the production of ROS and down-regulated genes involved in contrasting of the effects of oxidative stress. In conclusion, in the presence of high concentrations of glucose, the cells are in unfavourable conditions for the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Rachele Ceccarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuele Vannini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Dominici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Nutrition and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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Bonetta SA, Macrì M, Acito M, Bonetta SI, Castrignanò G, Fenoglio I, Bergamaschi E, Carraro E. Genotoxic damage in workers exposed to pigment-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) during paint production. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
TiO2 is broadly used in a wide range of applications such as photocatalysis, pigments and additives. Despite the promising commercial opportunities, different studies have shown that TiO2 can induce oxidative stress, inflammatory and genotoxic effects. The European Union has classified certain titanium dioxide powders and powder mixtures containing TiO2 as a suspected carcinogen (Category 2) via inhalation. Considering that the information about the potential adverse health effects of TiO2 in occupational environment are still scarce and controversial, the purpose of the study was to investigate the genotoxic effects and oxidative stress in workers exposed to TiO2 during paint production.
Biomarkers of early effect (DNA damage and micronuclei) were evaluated in the buccal cells and salivary leucocytes of 30 workers (15 production workers and 15 controls). To collect information about personal details, occupational history, medication, smoking, diet, physical activity, a questionnaire was administered to all workers. Personal and area monitoring have been carried out to determine airborne inhalable and respirable fraction of TiO2; a NanoTracer was used to monitor the presence of ultrafine particles.
In spite of the low mass concentration and a mild percentage of nanoparticles, filter deposited TiO2 was in sub-micron size, thus accounting for its respirability. Preliminary results on salivary leucocytes show a slight higher DNA damage in the exposed workers as compared to the controls.
Whereas biomarker assessment is still in progress, these preliminary findings show that workers are exposed to low but measurable levels of TiO2 able to induce a mild genotoxic damage. A combined approach using both personal exposure assessment and biomonitoring can improve the risk assessment in occupational settings in which TiO2 is handled. Moreover, this also suggest to take precautionary measure during specific activities and operational phases thus decreasing the risks for worker.
Key messages
The results of the present study may promote effective risk management practices in occupational environments that uses TiO2. The results obtained suggest the introduction of activities and operational phases with lower risks for the worker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S a Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Macrì
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S i Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G Castrignanò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - I Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - E Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - E Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Feretti D, Acito M, Dettori M, Ceretti E, Fatigoni C, Posadino S, Zerbini I, Villarini M, Moretti M, Castiglia P, Azara A. Genotoxicity of source, treated and distributed water from four drinking water treatment plants supplied by surface water in Sardinia, Italy. Environ Res 2020; 185:109385. [PMID: 32222631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of disinfection by-products (DBPs) are constantly found in drinking water distributed in Sardinia, an Italian island with a tourist vocation and critical issues related to the drinking water supply. To reduce the concentration of trihalomethanes the disinfectant in use was changed - chlorine dioxide was adopted instead of hypochlorite. However, this caused the appearance of other DBPs (e.g., chlorites) in water distributed to the population. Thus, the use of monochloramine as a secondary disinfectant (associated with chlorine dioxide as the primary disinfectant) was evaluated in four drinking water treatment plants supplied by artificial basins located in the central-northern part of Sardinia. Raw, disinfected and distributed waters were studied for genotoxicity using a battery of in vitro tests on different cells (bacteria, plant and mammalian cells) to detect different genetic endpoints (i.e., point and chromosome mutations and DNA damage). Moreover, a chemical and microbiological characterisation of water samples was performed. All samples of water distributed to the people showed mutagenic or genotoxic effects in different cells/organisms. In particular, chromosome aberrations in plant cells and DNA damage in human cells were observed. In this study, the use of chloramines associated with other disinfectants did not eliminate the mutagenicity present in the raw water and when the raw water was not mutagenic it introduced mutagenic/genotoxic substances. A careful management of drinking water is needed to reduce health hazards associated with the mutagenicity of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Dettori
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Posadino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Gianfredi V, Nucci D, Balzarini M, Acito M, Moretti M, Villarini A, Villarini M. E-Coaching: the DianaWeb study to prevent breast cancer recurrences. Clin Ter 2020; 170:e59-e65. [PMID: 31850486 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2020.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, for which the survival rate is increasing over time. Growing evidence are showing that the effect of lifestyle could have the same weight of the effect of the usual clinical-pathological risk factors on survival rate. The DianaWeb study responds to the pressing request of patients diagnosed with breast cancer to know the most advanced point of scientific research on the prevention of recurrences, to have a virtual space to meet, where to receive advice and practical information for the daily management the lifestyle change. DianaWeb is a community-based participatory research, dedicated to breast cancer patients, aimed to monitor lifestyle, provide them tips to encourage sustainable lifestyle changes, and to analyze clinical outcomes. In order to achieve these aims, DianaWeb uses a specific interactive website (http://www.dianaweb.org/). METHODS The web architecture has been designed essential and light, with a rigorous implantation that brings the figure of the woman to the center. In order to humanized the project the acronym used to identify the study was Diana (Diet and Androgens), a classical female name, who was illustrated as a female avatar, aimed to symbolize all women. The graphical interface was developed using seven pastel tones colors, which become a fundamental elements of the layout, such as frame, navigation menu, and separation interspaces. RESULTS The project started in 2015, and in 4 days the web site was visited by more than 1000 people. A total of 2823 persons enrolled in the study, but 2182 did not send the full documentations, 61 persons abandoned the study, 641 timely answered to the questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS The high number of participants' interaction within the web page, confirmed the high usability of the web page and the great interest of patients. Prevention of breast cancer recurrences with low cost technologies, easily available to everybody, is a priority for both public health and public finances.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gianfredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia - Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia
| | - D Nucci
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua
| | | | - M Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia
| | - M Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia
| | - A Villarini
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia
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Villarini M, Acito M, Gianfredi V, Berrino F, Gargano G, Somaini M, Nucci D, Moretti M, Villarini A. Validation of Self-Reported Anthropometric Measures and Body Mass Index in a Subcohort of the DianaWeb Population Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e511-e518. [PMID: 31182401 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DianaWeb is a community-based participatory project open to Italian breast cancer patients. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in improving the prognosis after patients received diagnosis and surgery/chemotherapy. The DianaWeb study uses an interactive Web site (www.dianaweb.org) to monitor patients' lifestyles, and to obtain clinical and anthropometric data. Although detailed instructions for measuring height, body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure (BP) are provided, individuals might tend to overestimate or underestimate those parameters. The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare self-recorded data with those from standardized ambulatory measurements; (2) to determine the trueness of a subject classification in the overweight/obesity or hypertensive subgroup on the basis of the patients' own measurements and estimates; and (3) to identify confounding variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared self-reported with ambulatory measurements in a subgroup of 200 randomly selected women of approximately 1000 enrolled in the DianaWeb study (from September 2016 to March 2018). RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis showed a close agreement for self-reported and ambulatory-measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). On the contrary, women overestimated waist circumference and underestimated BP. Cohen κ statistics showed fair agreement only for hypertension. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and diastolic BP self-measurements were biased according to age. CONCLUSION The results suggest that self-reported height, weight, and BMI are satisfactorily accurate for patients in the DianaWeb study, such as accuracies of overweight/obese and central obesity classification, and that these data can be useful for our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Gargano
- Department of Research, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Somaini
- School of Specialization in Nutrition Science, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Villarini
- Department of Research, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Vannini S, Pagiotti R, Acito M, Levorato S, Dominici L, Fatigoni C, Gianfredi V, Moretti M, Villarini M. In vitro testing of estragole in HepG2 cells: Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and cell-cycle analysis. Acta Alimentaria 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2018.47.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Vannini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - R. Pagiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - M. Acito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - S. Levorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - L. Dominici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - C. Fatigoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - V. Gianfredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06129 Perugia Italy
| | - M. Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
| | - M. Villarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia Italy
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