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Bravo Sánchez E, Nolasco Ruíz CJ, Gómez-Barroso M, Cortés Rojo C, Rodríguez Orozco AR, Saavedra Molina A, Manzo Ávalos S, Montoya Pérez R. Diazoxide and moderate-intensity exercise improve skeletal muscle function by decreasing oxidants and enhancing antioxidant defenses in hypertensive male rats. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16026. [PMID: 38653584 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High sodium intake is decisive in the incidence increase and prevalence of hypertension, which has an impact on skeletal muscle functionality. Diazoxide is an antihypertensive agent that inhibits insulin secretion and is an opener of KATP channels (adosine triphosphate sensitive potasium channels). For this reason, it is hypothesized that moderate-intensity exercise and diazoxide improve skeletal muscle function by reducing the oxidants in hypertensive rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned into eight groups: control (CTRL), diazoxide (DZX), exercise (EX), exercise + diazoxide (EX + DZX), hypertension (HTN), hypertension + diazoxide (HTN + DZX), hypertension + exercise (HTN + EX), and hypertension + exercise + diazoxide (HTN + EX + DZX). To induce hypertension, the rats received 8% NaCl dissolved in water orally for 30 days; in the following 8 weeks, 4% NaCl was supplied to maintain the pathology. The treatment with physical exercise of moderate intensity lasted 8 weeks. The administration dose of diazoxide was 35 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 14 days. Tension recording was performed on the extensor digitorum longus and the soleus muscle. Muscle homogenates were used to measure oxidants using fluorescent probe and the activity of antioxidant systems. Diazoxide and moderate-intensity exercise reduced oxidants and increased antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Bravo Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - César J Nolasco Ruíz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Mariana Gómez-Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alain R Rodríguez Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Saavedra Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Salvador Manzo Ávalos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Rocío Montoya Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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Miller JL, Gevers E, Bridges N, Yanovski JA, Salehi P, Obrynba KS, Felner EI, Bird LM, Shoemaker AH, Angulo M, Butler MG, Stevenson D, Goldstone AP, Wilding J, Lah M, Shaikh MG, Littlejohn E, Abuzzahab MJ, Fleischman A, Hirano P, Yen K, Cowen NM, Bhatnagar A. Diazoxide choline extended-release tablet in people with Prader-Willi syndrome: results from long-term open-label study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:252-261. [PMID: 37919617 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effect of 1-year administration of diazoxide choline extended-release tablet (DCCR) on hyperphagia and other complications of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). METHODS The authors studied 125 participants with PWS, age ≥ 4 years, who were enrolled in the DESTINY PWS Phase 3 study and who received DCCR for up to 52 weeks in DESTINY PWS and/or its open-label extension. The primary efficacy endpoint was Hyperphagia Questionnaire for Clinical Trials (HQ-CT) score. Other endpoints included behavioral assessments, body composition, hormonal measures, and safety. RESULTS DCCR administration resulted in significant improvements in HQ-CT (mean [SE] -9.9 [0.77], p < 0.0001) and greater improvements in those with more severe baseline hyperphagia (HQ-CT > 22). Improvements were seen in aggression, anxiety, and compulsivity (all p < 0.0001). There were reductions in leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, as well as a significant increase in adiponectin (all p < 0.004). Lean body mass was increased (p < 0.0001). Disease severity was reduced as assessed by clinician and caregiver (both p < 0.0001). Common treatment-emergent adverse events included hypertrichosis, peripheral edema, and hyperglycemia. Adverse events infrequently resulted in discontinuation (7.2%). CONCLUSIONS DCCR administration to people with PWS was well tolerated and associated with broad-ranging improvements in the syndrome. Sustained administration of DCCR has the potential to reduce disease severity and the burden of care for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Evelien Gevers
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts Health NHS Trust-Royal London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jack A Yanovski
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parisa Salehi
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Eric I Felner
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- University of California, San Diego/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Moris Angulo
- New York University Langone Health, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Anthony P Goldstone
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Wilding
- University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Melissa Lah
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - M Guftar Shaikh
- Royal Hospital for Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristen Yen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Neil M Cowen
- Soleno Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
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Vargas-Vargas MA, Saavedra-Molina A, Gómez-Barroso M, Peña-Montes D, Cortés-Rojo C, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Rocío MP. Diazoxide improves muscle function in association with improved dyslipidemia and decreased muscle oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:71-78. [PMID: 36723797 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM/INTRODUCTION Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease, and its main biochemical characteristic is hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both. Hyperglycemia causes dyslipidemia and stimulates oxidative damage, leading to the main symptoms, such as fatigue and culminates in diabetic complications. Previous studies have shown that ATP-sensitive potassium channels counteract muscle fatigue and metabolic stress in healthy mouse models. To determine the effect of diazoxide on muscle strength development during diabetes, we tested the effect of diazoxide in streptozotocin-diabetic rats in muscle function, lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of six animals each: (1) Control group, (2) diabetes group, (3) Control group + diazoxide, and (4) Diabetic + diazoxide (DB + DZX). 4 weeks after rats were sacrificed, soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles (EDL) were extracted to prepare homogenates and serum was obtained for biochemical measurements. Oxidative damage was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid method and the fluorescent for reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe 2,4-H2DCFDA, respectively. RESULTS Diabetic rats with diazoxide administration showed an increase in the development of muscle strength in both muscles; in turn, the onset of fatigue was longer compared to the group of diabetic rats without treatment. Regarding the lipid profile, diazoxide decreased total cholesterol levels in the group of diabetic rats treated with diazoxide (x̅46.2 mg/dL) compared to the untreated diabetic group (x̅=104.4 mg/dL); secondly, diazoxide decreased triglyceride concentrations (x̅=105.3 mg/dL) compared to the untreated diabetic rats (x̅=412.2 mg/dL) as well as the levels of very low-density lipoproteins (x̅=20.4 mg/dL vs. x̅=82.44 mg/dL). Regarding the various markers of oxidative stress, the diabetic group treated with diazoxide was able to reduce the concentrations of TBARS and total reactive oxygen species as well as preserve the concentrations of reduced glutathione. CONCLUSION Diazoxide administration in diabetic rats increases muscle strength development in EDL and soleus muscle, decreases fatigue, reduces cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and improves oxidative stress parameters such as TBARS, ROS, and glutathione status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Mariana Gómez-Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Donovan Peña-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Alain R Rodríguez-Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Dr. Rafael Carrillo S/N, Esq. Dr. Salvador González Herrejón Bosque, 58020, 58000, Cuauhtémoc, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Montoya-Pérez Rocío
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
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C 60 fullerene attenuates muscle force reduction in a rat during fatigue development. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12449. [PMID: 36590525 PMCID: PMC9801117 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C60 fullerene (C60) as a nanocarbon particle, compatible with biological structures, capable of penetrating through cell membranes and effectively scavenging free radicals, is widely used in biomedicine. A protective effect of C60 on the biomechanics of fast (m. gastrocnemius) and slow (m. soleus) muscle contraction in rats and the pro- and antioxidant balance of muscle tissue during the development of muscle fatigue was studied compared to the same effect of the known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). C60 and NAC were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1 and 150 mg kg-1, respectively, daily for 5 days and 1 h before the start of the experiment. The following quantitative markers of muscle fatigue were used: the force of muscle contraction, the level of accumulation of secondary products of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the oxygen metabolite H2O2, the activity of first-line antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), and the condition of the glutathione system (reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme). The analysis of the muscle contraction force dynamics in rats against the background of induced muscle fatigue showed, that the effect of C60, 1 h after drug administration, was (15-17)% more effective on fast muscles than on slow muscles. A further slight increase in the effect of C60 was revealed after 2 h of drug injection, (7-9)% in the case of m. gastrocnemius and (5-6)% in the case of m. soleus. An increase in the effect of using C60 occurred within 4 days (the difference between 4 and 5 days did not exceed (3-5)%) and exceeded the effect of NAC by (32-34)%. The analysis of biochemical parameters in rat muscle tissues showed that long-term application of C60 contributed to their decrease by (10-30)% and (5-20)% in fast and slow muscles, respectively, on the 5th day of the experiment. At the same time, the protective effect of C60 was higher compared to NAC by (28-44)%. The obtained results indicate the prospect of using C60 as a potential protective nano agent to improve the efficiency of skeletal muscle function by modifying the reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms that play an important role in the processes of muscle fatigue development.
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Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension via Suppressing ROS/MAPK/NF-κB/AT-1R Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193968. [PMID: 36235619 PMCID: PMC9573547 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for hypertension, however, its central mechanisms in improving hypertension remain unclear. Since the importance of the up-regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamic in sympathoexcitation and hypertension has been shown, we testified the hypothesis that aerobic ExT decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats by down-regulating the AT-1R through reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factors κB (NF-κB) pathway within the PVN. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to the following groups: sham operation (SHAM) + kept sedentary (Sed), SHAM + exercise training (ExT), two kidney-one clamp (2K1C) + Sed, and 2K1C + ExT groups. Results: The 2K1C + Sed hypertensive rats showed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), upregulated ROS, phosphorylated (p-) p44/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 activity, and AT-1R expression in the PVN, and increased circulating norepinephrine (NE) than those of SHAM rats. After eight weeks of aerobic ExT, the 2K1C + ExT hypertensive rats showed attenuated NE and SBP levels, suppressed NF-κB p65 activity, and reduced expression of ROS, p-p44/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, and AT-1R in the PVN, relatively to the 2K1C + Sed group. Conclusions: These data are suggestive of beneficial effects of aerobic ExT in decreasing SBP in hypertensive rats, via down-regulating the ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway that targets AT-1R in the PVN, and eventually ameliorating 2K1C-induced hypertension.
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Gómez-Barroso M, Vargas-Vargas MA, Peña-Montes DJ, Cortés-Rojo C, Saavedra-Molina A, Sánchez-Duarte E, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Montoya-Pérez R. Comparative Effect of Three Different Exercise Intensities in Combination with Diazoxide on Contraction Capacity and Oxidative Stress of Skeletal Muscle in Obese Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091367. [PMID: 36138845 PMCID: PMC9495795 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. It is a pathological state that degrades the proper functioning of skeletal muscle. Diazoxide treatment and exercise have been shown to generally improve muscle function. However, the effect that each of the different exercise intensities has when combined with diazoxide on the contraction capacity, resistance to fatigue and oxidative stress levels in rat skeletal muscle is unknown. Therefore, this work focused on analyzing which exercise intensity was more efficient in combination with diazoxide in improving muscle tissue and its metabolic capacities. The best results were obtained with low- and moderate-intensity exercise when combined with the drug. These results expected to open a window of time that allows the implementation of a constant and prolonged exercise protocol that completely reverses the harmful effects of obesity on muscle tissue and obesity itself. Abstract Obesity is a chronic disease that impairs skeletal muscle function, affects the ability to contract, and promotes the development of fatigue. For this reason, the study of treatments that seek to reduce the harmful effects of obesity on muscle tissue has been deepened. Diazoxide treatment and various exercise protocols have been proposed to protect skeletal muscle against oxidative stress and its effects. However, the intensity and duration of exercise combined with diazoxide that would obtain the best results for improving skeletal muscle function in obese rats is unknown. To this end, this study evaluated the effects of three different exercise intensities combined with diazoxide on contraction capacity, resistance to fatigue, markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, ROS, and glutathione redox status of skeletal muscle. The results showed that treatments with diazoxide and exercise at different intensities improved muscle contraction capacity by reducing oxidative stress during obesity, with the best results being obtained with low-intensity exercise in combination with diazoxide. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and low-intensity exercise improve muscle function during obesity by decreasing oxidative stress with the same efficiency as a moderate-intensity exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gómez-Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Manuel A. Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Donovan J. Peña-Montes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Mexico
| | - Alain R. Rodríguez-Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chavez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Av. Dr. Rafael Carrillo S/N Esq. Dr. Salvador González Herrejon, Bosque Cuauhtémoc, Morelia 58020, Mexico
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Discovery of Therapeutics Targeting Oxidative Stress in Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060764. [PMID: 35745683 PMCID: PMC9228961 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative inherited disorders. The resulting motor incoordination and progressive functional disabilities lead to reduced lifespan. There is currently no cure for ARCAs, likely attributed to the lack of understanding of the multifaceted roles of antioxidant defense and the underlying mechanisms. This systematic review aims to evaluate the extant literature on the current developments of therapeutic strategies that target oxidative stress for the management of ARCAs. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct Scopus for relevant peer-reviewed articles published from 1 January 2016 onwards. A total of 28 preclinical studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. We first evaluated the altered cellular processes, abnormal signaling cascades, and disrupted protein quality control underlying the pathogenesis of ARCA. We then examined the current potential therapeutic strategies for ARCAs, including aromatic, organic and pharmacological compounds, gene therapy, natural products, and nanotechnology, as well as their associated antioxidant pathways and modes of action. We then discussed their potential as antioxidant therapeutics for ARCAs, with the long-term view toward their possible translation to clinical practice. In conclusion, our current understanding is that these antioxidant therapies show promise in improving or halting the progression of ARCAs. Tailoring the therapies to specific disease stages could greatly facilitate the management of ARCAs.
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Davison GW, McClean C. Oxidative Stress and Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050840. [PMID: 35624704 PMCID: PMC9138027 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ma X, Chen H, Cao L, Zhao S, Zhao C, Yin S, Hu H. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid improves high-intensity exercise performance by promoting glucose-dependent energy production and inhibiting oxidative stress in mice. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6932-6943. [PMID: 34709693 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), the main bioactive compound of licorice, can modulate oxidative stress and metabolic processes in liver and skin. Given the critical role of oxidative stress and energy metabolism in exercise-induced fatigue, we hypothesized that 18β-GA could exert an ergogenic action by inhibiting excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction and promoting energy production in muscles. Mice were gavage-fed with 18β-GA for four consecutive days. Running ability was assessed based on the exhaustive treadmill test with high- and moderate-intensity. Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure the changes of muscle fatigue-related markers, oxidative stress status, and energy metabolism in response to 18β-GA exposure. Treatment with 18β-GA significantly increased the exhaustive running distance (~37%) in the high-intensity exercise, but not in the moderate-intensity exercise. Mechanistically, reduction of oxidative stress and induction of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH) by 18β-GA were observed. Moreover, 18β-GA treatment caused an improved preservation of muscle glycogen (12%), which was associated with upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) (91%) and increased insulin level (17%). The findings of the present study clearly suggest that 18β-GA holds excellent potential as a novel bioactive agent against high-intensity exercise-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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