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Mi A, Hu Q, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Shen F, Lan J, Lv K, Wang B, Gao R, Yu X. Hepatoprotective efficacy and interventional mechanism of the panaxadiol saponin component in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:794-808. [PMID: 38131276 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Dietary administration is a promising strategy for intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our research team has identified a biologically active component, the panaxadiol saponin component (PDS-C) isolated from total saponins of panax ginseng, which has various pharmacological and therapeutic functions. However, the efficacy and mechanism of PDS-C in NAFLD were unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the hepatoprotective effects and underlying action mechanism of PDS-C in NAFLD. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce NAFLD and treated with PDS-C and metformin as the positive control for 12 weeks. PDS-C significantly alleviated liver function, hepatic steatosis and blood lipid levels, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in NAFLD mice. In vitro, PDS-C has been shown to reduce lipotoxicity and ROS levels while enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. PDS-C induced AMPK phosphorylation, leading to upregulation of the Nrf2/HO1 pathway expression and downregulation of the NFκB protein level. Furthermore, our observations indicate that PDS-C supplementation improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in NAFLD mice, although its efficacy is not as pronounced as metformin. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the hepatoprotective efficacy of PDS-C in NAFLD and provide potential opportunities for developing functional products containing PDS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Mi
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenglin Shen
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjian Lan
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keren Lv
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bolin Wang
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu L, Chen Y, Chen B, Xu M, Liu S, Su Y, Qiao K, Liu Z. Advances in Research on Marine-Derived Lipid-Lowering Active Substances and Their Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:5118. [PMID: 38140377 PMCID: PMC10745522 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal lipid metabolism. Recently, the prevalence of HLP caused by poor dietary habits in the population has been increasing year by year. In addition, lipid-lowering drugs currently in clinical use have shown significant improvement in blood lipid levels, but are accompanied by certain side effects. However, bioactive marine substances have been shown to possess a variety of physiological activities such as hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antithrombotic and effects on blood pressure. Therefore, the hypolipidemic efficacy of marine bioactive substances with complex and diverse structures has also attracted attention. This paper focuses on the therapeutic role of marine-derived polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive peptides in HLP, and briefly discusses the main mechanisms by which these substances exert their hypolipidemic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian and Taiwan Characteristic Marine Food Processing and Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian and Taiwan Characteristic Marine Food Processing and Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Min Xu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuji Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongchang Su
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kun Qiao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
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Zhang J, Feng J, Bai Y, Che Q, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Ameliorating the effect and mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10459-10474. [PMID: 37921441 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03745b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that chitosan oligosaccharide (COST) can alleviate the clinical symptoms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We intend to intervene with different concentrations of COST in mice with NAFLD induced by a high fat diet. The basic effect of COST on NAFLD model mice was observed using physiological and biochemical indexes. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the gut microbiota and further analyze the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the effects of COST on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the livers of NAFLD mice. It was found that the COST-high-dose group could reduce the weight of NAFLD mice, improve dyslipidemia, and alleviate liver lesions, and COST has a therapeutic effect on NAFLD mice. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that COST could increase the diversity of the gut microbiota in NAFLD mice. The downregulation of SCFAs in NAFLD mice was reversed. WB and RT-PCR results showed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in the development of NAFLD mice. COST improved liver lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice by inhibiting liver DNL. COST could increase the expression of thermogenic protein and UCP1 and PGC-1α genes; the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is inhibited at the protein and gene levels. This study revealed that COST regulates the expression of related inflammatory factors caused by lipid toxicity through the gut microbiota and SCFAs, and improves the liver lipid metabolism of HFD-induced NAFLD mice, laying a foundation for the development of effective and low toxicity drugs for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Jiayao Feng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510310), China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou (510663), China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan (528458), China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
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Sasidharan A, Rustad T, Cusimano GM. Tuna sidestream valorization: a circular blue bioeconomy approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28610-w. [PMID: 37434051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuna is an economically significant seafood, harvested throughout the world, and is heavily traded due to its high nutritional quality and consumer acceptance. Tuna meat is rich in essential nutrients such as amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and trace minerals. The huge volume of solid and liquid sidestreams generated during the processing stages of tuna is creating environmental and socioeconomic challenges in coastal areas. Different products such as fish meal, protein hydrolysates, collagen, enzymes, oil, and bone powder can be produced from tuna sidestreams. Using different nutrient recovery technologies like enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical processing, and green technologies, various categories of product value chains can be created in line with the conventional processing industry. This review attempts to provide a route map for the tuna industry for achieving the circular blue-bioeconomic objectives and reorient the irregular utilization pattern into a sustainable and inclusive path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, KUFOS, Kerala, India
| | - Turid Rustad
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Wu MF, Xi QH, Sheng Y, Wang YM, Wang WY, Chi CF, Wang B. Antioxidant Peptides from Monkfish Swim Bladders: Ameliorating NAFLD In Vitro by Suppressing Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress via Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:360. [PMID: 37367685 DOI: 10.3390/md21060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the ameliorating functions of QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) from monkfish swim bladders on an FFA-induced NAFLD model of HepG2 cells. The lipid-lowering mechanisms revealed that these five oligopeptides can up-regulate the expression of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) proteins to inhibit the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) proteins on increasing lipid synthesis and up-regulating the expression of the PPAP-α and CPT-1 proteins on promoting the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Moreover, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) can significantly inhibit reactive oxygen species' (ROS) production, promote the activities of intracellular antioxidases (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX; and catalase, CAT) and bring down the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) derived from lipid peroxidation. Further investigations revealed that the regulation of these five oligopeptides on oxidative stress was achieved through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to raise the expression levels of the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and downstream antioxidant proteases. Therefore, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) could serve as candidate ingredients to develop functional products for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing-Hao Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wan-Yi Wang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Tan YC, Gan CY, Shafie MH, Yap PG, Mohd Rodhi A, Ahmad A, Murugaiyah V, Abdulla MH, Johns EJ. A comprehensive review on the pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides: A future anti-obesity strategy. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis contributes to obesity and can directly lead to several critical public health concerns globally. This paper aimed to present a brief review of related properties and the use of pancreatic lipase inhibitors as the future weight loss drug discovery and development procured from a wide range of natural sources. A total of 176 pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides were identified from recent publications and peptide databases. These peptides were classified into three categories according to their peptide length and further analyzed using bioinformatic approaches to identify their structural activity relationship. Molecular docking analyses were conducted for each amino acid at the terminal position of the peptides to predict the binding affinity between peptide-enzyme protein complexes based on intermolecular contact interactions. Overall, the observations revealed the features of the inhibitory peptides and their inhibitory mechanisms and interactions. These findings strived to benefit scientists whose research may be relevant to anti-obesity drug development and/or discovery thereby support effective translation of preclinical research for humans’ health being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chia Tan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Muhammad Hakimin Shafie
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Pei Gee Yap
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Ainolsyakira Mohd Rodhi
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA
- Center for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MALAYSIA
| | - Mohammed H Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, Cork, IRELAND
| | - Edward James Johns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, Cork, IRELAND
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Sheng Y, Wang WY, Wu MF, Wang YM, Zhu WY, Chi CF, Wang B. Eighteen Novel Bioactive Peptides from Monkfish ( Lophius litulon) Swim Bladders: Production, Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030169. [PMID: 36976218 PMCID: PMC10054418 DOI: 10.3390/md21030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study, papain was chosen from five proteases to hydrolyze proteins of monkfish swim bladders for effectively utilizing monkfish (Lophius litulon) processing byproducts, and the hydrolysis conditions of papain were optimized as hydrolysis temperature of 65 °C, pH 7.5, enzyme dose 2.5% and time 5 h using single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Eighteen peptides were purified from the swim bladder hydrolysate of monkfish by ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatography methods and identified as YDYD, QDYD, AGPAS, GPGPHGPSGP, GPK, HRE, GRW, ARW, GPTE, DDGGK, IGPAS, AKPAT, YPAGP, DPT, FPGPT, GPGPT, GPT and DPAGP, respectively. Among eighteen peptides, GRW and ARW showed significant DPPH· scavenging activities with EC50 values of 1.053 ± 0.003 and 0.773 ± 0.003 mg/mL, respectively; YDYD, QDYD, GRW, ARW and YPAGP revealed significantly HO· scavenging activities with EC50 values of 0.150 ± 0.060, 0.177 ± 0.035, 0.201 ± 0.013, 0.183 ± 0.0016 and 0.190 ± 0.010 mg/mL, respectively; YDYD, QDYD, ARW, DDGGK and YPAGP have significantly O2-· scavenging capability with EC50 values of 0.126 ± 0.0005, 0.112 ± 0.0028, 0.127 ± 0.0002, 0.128 ± 0.0018 and 0.107 ± 0.0002 mg/mL, respectively; and YDYD, QDYD and YPAGP showed strong ABTS+· scavenging ability with EC50 values of 3.197 ± 0.036, 2.337 ± 0.016 and 3.839 ± 0.102 mg/mL, respectively. YDYD, ARW and DDGGK displayed the remarkable ability of lipid peroxidation inhibition and Ferric-reducing antioxidant properties. Moreover, YDYD and ARW can protect Plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, eighteen isolated peptides had high stability under temperatures ranging from 25-100 °C; YDYD, QDYD, GRW and ARW were more sensitive to alkali treatment, but DDGGK and YPAGP were more sensitive to acid treatment; and YDYD showed strong stability treated with simulated GI digestion. Therefore, the prepared antioxidant peptides, especially YDYD, QDYD, GRW, ARW, DDGGK and YPAGP from monkfish swim bladders could serve as functional components applied in health-promoting products because of their high-antioxidant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wan-Yi Wang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration, Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ming-Feng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wang-Yu Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration, Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs (II): Protective Function on UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells through Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020105. [PMID: 36827146 PMCID: PMC9962892 DOI: 10.3390/md21020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective function and mechanism of TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) from skipjack tuna cardiac arterial bulbs on skin photoaging using UVB-irradiated HaCaT cell model. The present results indicated that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) had significant cytoprotective effect on UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (p < 0.001). Hoechst 33342 staining showed that apoptosis of UV-irradiated HaCaT cells could be significantly reduced by the treatment of TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM); JC-1 staining showed that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could protect HaCaT cells from apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); Furthermore, TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could significantly down-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and reduce the expression level of the apoptosis-executing protein Caspase-3 by decreasing the expression of protein Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 (p < 0.05). The action mechanism indicated that TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) could up-regulate the expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 (p < 0.05), which further increased the activity of downstream proteases (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px), and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the intracellular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, molecular docking indicated that TCP3 (PKK) and TCP6 (YEGGD) could competitively inhibit the Nrf2 binding site because they can occupy the connection site of Nrf2 by binding to the Kelch domain of Keap1 protein. TCP9 (GPGLM) was inferred to be non-competitive inhibition because it could not bind to the active site of the Kelch domain of Keap1 protein. In summary, the antioxidant peptides TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) and TCP9 (GPGLM) from cardiac arterial bulbs of skipjack tuna can effectively protect HaCaT cells from UVB-irradiated damage and can be used in the development of healthy and cosmetic products to treat diseases caused by UV radiation.
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Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs: Preparation, Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability against Thermal, pH, and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Treatments. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100626. [PMID: 36286450 PMCID: PMC9604775 DOI: 10.3390/md20100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arterial bulbs of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) are rich in elastin, and its hydrolysates are high quality raw materials for daily cosmetics. In order to effectively utilizing Skipjack tuna processing byproducts-cardiac arterial bulbs and to prepare peptides with high antioxidant activity, pepsin was selected from six proteases for hydrolyzing proteins, and the best hydrolysis conditions of pepsin were optimized. Using ultrafiltration and chromatographic methods, eleven antioxidant peptides were purified from protein hydrolysate of tuna cardiac arterial bulbs. Four tripeptides (QGD, PKK, GPQ and GLN) were identified as well as seven pentapeptides (GEQSN, GEEGD, YEGGD, GEGER, GEGQR, GPGLM and GDRGD). Three out of them, namely the tripeptide PKK and the pentapeptides YEGGD and GPGLM exhibited the highest radical scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and superoxide anion assays. They also showed to protect plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, they exhibited high stability under temperature ranged from 20-100 °C, pH values ranged from 3-11, and they simulated gastrointestinal digestion for 240 min. These results suggest that the prepared eleven antioxidant peptides from cardiac arterial bulbs, especially the three peptides PKK, YEGGD, and GPGLM, could serve as promising candidates in health-promoting products due to their high antioxidant activity and their stability.
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Zheng SL, Luo QB, Suo SK, Zhao YQ, Chi CF, Wang B. Preparation, Identification, Molecular Docking Study and Protective Function on HUVECs of Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate of Skipjack Tuna Muscle. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030176. [PMID: 35323475 PMCID: PMC8954214 DOI: 10.3390/md20030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To prepare bioactive peptides with high angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory (ACEi) activity, Alcalase was selected from five kinds of protease for hydrolyzing Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle, and its best hydrolysis conditions were optimized using single factor and response surface experiments. Then, the high ACEi protein hydrolysate (TMPH) of skipjack tuna muscle was prepared using Alcalase under the optimum conditions of enzyme dose 2.3%, enzymolysis temperature 56.2 °C, and pH 9.4, and its ACEi activity reached 72.71% at 1.0 mg/mL. Subsequently, six novel ACEi peptides were prepared from TMPH using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and were identified as Ser-Pro (SP), Val-Asp-Arg-Tyr-Phe (VDRYF), Val-His-Gly-Val-Val (VHGVV), Tyr-Glu (YE), Phe-Glu-Met (FEM), and Phe-Trp-Arg-Val (FWRV), with molecular weights of 202.3, 698.9, 509.7, 310.4, 425.6, and 606.8 Da, respectively. SP and VDRYF displayed noticeable ACEi activity, with IC50 values of 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.28 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking analysis illustrated that the high ACEi activity of SP and VDRYF was attributed to effective interaction with the active sites/pockets of ACE by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, SP and VDRYF could significantly up-regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulate endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in HUVECs after 24 h treatment, but also abolish the negative effect of 0.5 μM norepinephrine (NE) on the generation of NO and ET-1. Therefore, ACEi peptides derived from skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) muscle, especially SP and VDRYF, are beneficial components for functional food against hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Lei Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-L.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Qian-Bin Luo
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Shi-Kun Suo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-L.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Yu-Qin Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-L.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-580-255-4818 (C.-F.C.); +86-580-255-4781 (B.W.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-L.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-580-255-4818 (C.-F.C.); +86-580-255-4781 (B.W.)
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Suo SK, Zhao YQ, Wang YM, Pan XY, Chi C, Wang B. Seventeen novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of Mytilus edulis: Isolation, identification, molecular docking study, and protective function on HUVECs. Food Funct 2022; 13:7831-7846. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study, seventeen angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were isolated from protein hydrolysate of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and identified as MFR, MFV, FV, KP, QP, QVK, IK,...
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12
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Zhang SY, Zhao GX, Suo SK, Wang YM, Chi CF, Wang B. Purification, Identification, Activity Evaluation, and Stability of Antioxidant Peptides from Alcalase Hydrolysate of Antarctic Krill ( Euphausia superba) Proteins. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060347. [PMID: 34204535 PMCID: PMC8235214 DOI: 10.3390/md19060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For utilizing the largest source of marine proteins, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) proteins were defatted and hydrolyzed separately using pepsin, alcalase, papain, trypsin, and netrase, and alcalase hydrolysate (EPAH) showed the highest DPPH radical (DPPH·) and hydroxyl radical (HO·) scavenging activity among five hydrolysates. Using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods, fifteen antioxidant peptides were purified from EPAH and identified as Asn-Gln-Met (NQM), Trp-Phe-Pro-Met (WFPM), Gln-Asn-Pro-Thr (QNPT), Tyr-Met-Asn-Phe (YMNF), Ser-Gly-Pro-Ala (SGPA), Ser-Leu-Pro-Tyr (SLPY), Gln-Tyr-Pro-Pro-Met-Gln-Tyr (QYPPMQY), Glu-Tyr-Glu-Ala (EYEA), Asn-Trp-Asp-Asp-Met-Arg-Ile-Val-Ala-Val (NWDDMRIVAV), Trp-Asp-Asp-Met-Glu-Arg-Leu-Val-Met-Ile (WDDMERLVMI), Asn-Trp-Asp-Asp-Met-Glu-Pro-Ser-Phe (NWD-DMEPSF), Asn-Gly-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Ser-Gln-Gln (NGPDPRPSQQ), Ala-Phe-Leu-Trp-Asn (AFLWA), Asn-Val-Pro-Asp-Met (NVPDM), and Thr-Phe-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Asp-Tyr-Pro-Gln (TFPIYDPQ), respectively, using a protein sequencer and ESI/MS. Among fifteen antioxidant peptides, SLPY, QYPPMQY and EYEA showed the highest scavenging activities on DPPH· (EC50 values of 1.18 ± 0.036, 1.547 ± 0.150, and 1.372 ± 0.274 mg/mL, respectively), HO· (EC50 values of 0.826 ± 0.027, 1.022 ± 0.058, and 0.946 ± 0.011 mg/mL, respectively), and superoxide anion radical (EC50 values of 0.789 ± 0.079, 0.913 ± 0.007, and 0.793 ± 0.056 mg/mL, respectively). Moreover, SLPY, QYPPMQY and EYEA showed strong reducing power, protective capability against H2O2-damaged plasmid DNA, and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability. Furthermore, SLPY, QYPPMQY, and EYEA had high stability under temperatures lower than 80 °C, pH values ranged from 6-8, and simulated GI digestion for 180 min. The results showed that fifteen antioxidant peptides from alcalase hydrolysate of Antarctic krill proteins, especially SLPY, QYPPMQY and EYEA, might serve as effective antioxidant agents applied in food and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (G.-X.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Guo-Xu Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (G.-X.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Shi-Kun Suo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (G.-X.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.Z.); (G.-X.Z.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-580-255-4818 (C.-F.C.); +86-580-255-4781 (B.W.)
| | - Bin Wang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- Correspondence: (C.-F.C.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-580-255-4818 (C.-F.C.); +86-580-255-4781 (B.W.)
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Assessment of the biological activity of fish muscle protein hydrolysates using in vitro model systems. Food Chem 2021; 359:129852. [PMID: 33940471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of biologically active fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) is a useful technique to produce value-added products with potential application in the functional food and nutraceutical industries. Fish muscle is an attractive substrate for the production of protein hydrolysates due to its rich protein content, containing 15-25% of total fish protein. This paper reviews the production of protein hydrolysates from fish muscle, most commonly via enzymatic hydrolysis, and their subsequent bioactivities including anti-obesity, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities as measured by in vitro testing methods. Disease prevention with FPH potentially offers a safe and natural alternative to synthetic drugs. Small molecular weight (MW) FPHs generally exhibit favourable bioactivity than large MW fractions via enhanced absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. This review also discusses the relationship between amino acid (AA) composition and AA sequence of FPH and peptides and their exhibited in vitro bioactivity.
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Lee HG, Kim HS, Je JG, Hwang J, Sanjeewa KKA, Lee DS, Song KM, Choi YS, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Lipid Inhibitory Effect of (-)-loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Inhibitory Mechanism of Adipose-Specific Proteins. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:96. [PMID: 33567534 PMCID: PMC7915803 DOI: 10.3390/md19020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) is a well-known brown seaweed widely distributed worldwide. Several biological activities of S. horneri have been reported. However, its effects on lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effect of the active compound "(-)-loliolide ((6S,7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(4H)-one (HTT))" from S. horneri extract on lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. MTT assays demonstrated that (-)-loliolide is not toxic to 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a range of concentrations. (-)-loliolide significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiated phase of 3T3-L1 adipocytes as shown by Oil Red O staining. Western blot analysis revealed that (-)-loliolide increased the expression of lipolytic protein phospho-hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL) and thermogenic protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1). Additionally, (-)-loliolide decreased expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that (-)-loliolide from S. horneri could suppress lipid accumulation via regulation of antiadipogenic and prolipolytic mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells. Considering the multifunctional effect of (-)-loliolide, it can be useful as a lipid-lowering agent in the management of patients who suffer from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
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Singh BP, Aluko RE, Hati S, Solanki D. Bioactive peptides in the management of lifestyle-related diseases: Current trends and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4593-4606. [PMID: 33506720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1877109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle-related diseases constitute a major concern in the twenty-first century, with millions dying worldwide each year due to chosen lifestyles and associated complications such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Although synthetic drugs have been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of these conditions, safety of these compounds remains a concern. Natural alternatives to drugs include food-derived peptides are now being explored for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related complications. Peptides are fragments nascent in the primary protein sequences and could impart health benefits beyond basic nutritional advantages. Evidence suggests that by controlling adipocyte differentiation and lipase activities, bioactive peptides may be able to prevent obesity. Bioactive peptides act as agents against type 2 diabetes because of their ability to inhibit enzymatic activities of DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Moreover, bioactive peptides can act as competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus eliciting an antihypertensive effect. Bioactive peptides may have a hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting cholesterol metabolism pathways and cholesterol synthesis. This review addresses current knowledge of the impact of food-derived bioactive peptides on lifestyle diseases. In addition, future insights on the clinical trials, allergenicity, cytotoxicity, gastrointestinal stability, and regulatory approvals have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Subrota Hati
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyang Solanki
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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