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Baturalp TB, Bozkurt S. Design and Analysis of a Polymeric Left Ventricular Simulator via Computational Modelling. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:269. [PMID: 38786479 PMCID: PMC11117906 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical testing of medical devices is an essential step in the product life cycle, whereas testing of cardiovascular implants requires specialised testbeds or numerical simulations using computer software Ansys 2016. Existing test setups used to evaluate physiological scenarios and test cardiac implants such as mock circulatory systems or isolated beating heart platforms are driven by sophisticated hardware which comes at a high cost or raises ethical concerns. On the other hand, computational methods used to simulate blood flow in the cardiovascular system may be simplified or computationally expensive. Therefore, there is a need for low-cost, relatively simple and efficient test beds that can provide realistic conditions to simulate physiological scenarios and evaluate cardiovascular devices. In this study, the concept design of a novel left ventricular simulator made of latex rubber and actuated by pneumatic artificial muscles is presented. The designed left ventricular simulator is geometrically similar to a native left ventricle, whereas the basal diameter and long axis length are within an anatomical range. Finite element simulations evaluating left ventricular twisting and shortening predicted that the designed left ventricular simulator rotates approximately 17 degrees at the apex and the long axis shortens around 11 mm. Experimental results showed that the twist angle is 18 degrees and the left ventricular simulator shortens 5 mm. Twist angles and long axis shortening as in a native left ventricle show it is capable of functioning like a native left ventricle and simulating a variety of scenarios, and therefore has the potential to be used as a test platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Batuhan Baturalp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Selim Bozkurt
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
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Rapp ES, Pawar SR, Longoria RG. Hybrid Mock Circulatory Loop Simulation of Extreme Cardiac Events. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2883-2892. [PMID: 35254970 PMCID: PMC9466991 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3156963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents preliminary methods of incorporating the pathological conditions of cardiac arrhythmias and valvular stenosis in hybrid mock circulation loop (hMCL) operation for the enhanced verification and validation of mechanical circulatory support devices such as VADs. METHODS The MGH/MF Waveform datasets from PhysioNet database (including both nominal and clinically diagnosed arrhythmic ECG measurements) as well as cardiovascular system model updates are used to recreate arrhythmic events and valvular stenosis in vitro. RESULTS Preliminary results show the hMCL can recreate each tested cardiac event within 2% and 4% mean error for reference pressure tracking in the aortic and left ventricular pressure chambers, respectively. Further, frequency spectrum analysis comparisons using the magnitude-squared coherence analysis shows close alignment between measured arrhythmic and hMCL realized pressure frequency content. CONCLUSION The generation of cardiac arrhythmias and valvular stenosis around a VAD via both model and acute measurement based methods was achieved. SIGNIFICANCE Pathological conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and valvular stenosis are limited in documentation despite the large percentage of patients who experience these events. This paper provides a means to begin incorporating these events into hardware-in-the-loop mock circulatory systems for next generation VAD validation and verification.
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Liu H, Wang H. Numerical simulation for suction detection based on improved model of cardiovascular system. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Johnson A, Cupp G, Armour N, Warren K, Stone C, Lee D, Gilbert N, Hammond C, Moore J, Kang YA. An Inexpensive Cardiovascular Flow Simulator for Cardiac Catheterization Procedure Using a Pulmonary Artery Catheter. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:764007. [PMID: 35047963 PMCID: PMC8757711 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.764007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac catheterization associated with central vein cannulation can involve potential thrombotic and infectious complications due to multiple cannulation trials or improper placement. To minimize the risks, medical simulators are used for training. Simulators are also employed to test medical devices such as catheters before performing animal tests because they are more cost-effective and still reveal necessary improvements. However, commercial simulators are expensive, simplified for their purpose, and provide limited access sites. Inexpensive and anatomical cardiovascular simulators with central venous access for cannulation are sparse. Here, we developed an anatomically and physiologically accurate cardiovascular flow simulator to help train medical professionals and test medical devices. Our simulator includes an anatomical right atrium/ventricle, femoral and radial access sites, and considers the variability of arm position. It simulates physiological pulsatile blood flow with a setting for constant flow from 3 to 6 L/min and mimics physiological temperature (37°C). We demonstrated simulation by inserting a catheter into the system at radial/femoral access sites, passing it through the vasculature, and advancing it into the heart. We expect that our simulator can be used as an educational tool for cardiac catheterization as well as a testing tool that will allow for design iteration before moving to animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Johnson
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | - Grace Cupp
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | - Nicholas Armour
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | - Kyle Warren
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | - Davin Lee
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | - Nicholas Gilbert
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
| | | | - John Moore
- TZ Medical Inc, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Youngbok Abraham Kang
- Department of Mechanical, Civil, and Biomedical Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, United States
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