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Loranger S, Jafari F, Zubia J, Novoa D. Generation of THz radiation through molecular modulation in hydrogen-filled hybrid anti-resonant fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7622-7632. [PMID: 38439439 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We study the generation of narrowband terahertz (THz) pulses by stimulated Raman scattering and molecular modulation in hydrogen-filled hybrid hollow-core fibers. Using a judicious combination of materials and transverse structures, this waveguide design enables simultaneous confinement of optical and THz signals with reasonably low attenuation, as well as high nonlinear overlap. The THz pulses are then generated as the second Stokes band of a ns-long near-infrared pump pulse, aided by Raman coherence waves excited in the gaseous core by the beat-note created by the pump and its first Stokes band. Optimization of the fiber characteristics facilitates phase matching between the corresponding transitions and coherence waves while avoiding coherent gain suppression, resulting in potential optical-to-THz conversion efficiencies up to 60%, as confirmed by rigorous numerical modelling under ideal zero-loss conditions. When the current optical material constraints are considered, however, the attainable efficiencies relax to 0.2%, a still competitive value compared to other systems. The approach is in principle power and energy scalable, as well as tunable in the 1-10 THz range without any spectral gaps, thereby opening new pathways to the development of fiber-based THz sources complementary to other mature technologies such as quantum cascade lasers.
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Armstrong CM, Snively EC, Shumail M, Nantista C, Li Z, Tantawi S, Loo BW, Temkin RJ, Griffin RG, Feng J, Dionisio R, Mentgen F, Ayllon N, Henderson MA, Goodman TP. Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 2023; 70:2643-2655. [PMID: 37250956 PMCID: PMC10216895 DOI: 10.1109/ted.2023.3239841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of radio frequency (RF) vacuum electronics for the betterment of the human condition began soon after the invention of the first vacuum tubes in the 1920s and has not stopped since. Today, microwave vacuum devices are powering important applications in health treatment, material and biological science, wireless communication-terrestrial and space, Earth environment remote sensing, and the promise of safe, reliable, and inexhaustible energy. This article highlights some of the exciting application frontiers of vacuum electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma C Snively
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - Zenghai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Sami Tantawi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Bill W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Richard J Temkin
- Department of Physics and the Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Robert G Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and the Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Jinjun Feng
- Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Roberto Dionisio
- RF Equipment and Technologies Section, European Space Agency (ESA), NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Mentgen
- RF Equipment and Technologies Section, European Space Agency (ESA), NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Natanael Ayllon
- RF Equipment and Technologies Section, European Space Agency (ESA), NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Henderson
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB Abingdon, U.K
| | - Timothy P Goodman
- Swiss Plasma Center, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kawasaki T, Yamaguchi Y, Kitahara H, Irizawa A, Tani M. Exploring Biomolecular Self-Assembly with Far-Infrared Radiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091326. [PMID: 36139165 PMCID: PMC9496551 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical engineering technology using far-infrared radiation has been gathering attention in chemical, biological, and material research fields. In particular, the high-power radiation at the terahertz region can give remarkable effects on biological materials distinct from a simple thermal treatment. Self-assembly of biological molecules such as amyloid proteins and cellulose fiber plays various roles in medical and biomaterials fields. A common characteristic of those biomolecular aggregates is a sheet-like fibrous structure that is rigid and insoluble in water, and it is often hard to manipulate the stacking conformation without heating, organic solvents, or chemical reagents. We discovered that those fibrous formats can be conformationally regulated by means of intense far-infrared radiations from a free-electron laser and gyrotron. In this review, we would like to show the latest and the past studies on the effects of far-infrared radiation on the fibrous biomaterials and to suggest the potential use of the far-infrared radiation for regulation of the biomolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Kawasaki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuusuke Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kitahara
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akinori Irizawa
- SR Center, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tani
- Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Fukui, Japan
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Gyrotrons as High-Frequency Drivers for Undulators and High-Gradient Accelerators. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Gyrotrons are used as high-power sources of coherent radiation operating in pulsed and CW regimes in many scientific and technological fields. In this paper, we discuss two of their numerous applications. The first one is in gyrotron-powered electromagnetic wigglers and undulators. The second one is for driving high-gradient accelerating structures in compact particle accelerators. The comparison, between the requirements imposed by these two concepts on the radiation sources on one hand and the output parameters of the currently available high-performance gyrotrons on the other hand, show that they match each other to a high degree. We consider this as a manifestation of the feasibility and potential of these concepts. It is believed that after the first successful proof-of-principle experiments they will find more wide usage in the advanced FEL and particle accelerators.
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Cherkasova OP, Serdyukov DS, Nemova EF, Ratushnyak AS, Kucheryavenko AS, Dolganova IN, Xu G, Skorobogatiy M, Reshetov IV, Timashev PS, Spektor IE, Zaytsev KI, Tuchin VV. Cellular effects of terahertz waves. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210179VR. [PMID: 34595886 PMCID: PMC8483303 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.9.090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An increasing interest in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to the terahertz (THz) radiation is driven by a rapid progress in THz biophotonics, observed during the past decades. Despite the attractiveness of THz technology for medical diagnosis and therapy, there is still quite limited knowledge about safe limits of THz exposure. Different modes of THz exposure of tissues and cells, including continuous-wave versus pulsed radiation, various powers, and number and duration of exposure cycles, ought to be systematically studied. AIM We provide an overview of recent research results in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to THz waves. APPROACH We start with a brief overview of general features of the THz-wave-tissue interactions, as well as modern THz emitters, with an emphasis on those that are reliable for studying the biological effects of THz waves. Then, we consider three levels of biological system organization, at which the exposure effects are considered: (i) solutions of biological molecules; (ii) cultures of cells, individual cells, and cell structures; and (iii) entire organs or organisms; special attention is devoted to the cellular level. We distinguish thermal and nonthermal mechanisms of THz-wave-cell interactions and discuss a problem of adequate estimation of the THz biological effects' specificity. The problem of experimental data reproducibility, caused by rareness of the THz experimental setups and an absence of unitary protocols, is also considered. RESULTS The summarized data demonstrate the current stage of the research activity and knowledge about the THz exposure on living objects. CONCLUSIONS This review helps the biomedical optics community to summarize up-to-date knowledge in the area of cell exposure to THz radiation, and paves the ways for the development of THz safety standards and THz therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P. Cherkasova
- Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
| | - Danil S. Serdyukov
- Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia F. Nemova
- Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Ratushnyak
- Institute of Computational Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S. Kucheryavenko
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Irina N. Dolganova
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare,” Russian Federation
| | - Guofu Xu
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Canada
| | | | - Igor V. Reshetov
- Sechenov University, Institute for Cluster Oncology, Russian Federation
- Academy of Postgraduate Education FSCC FMBA, Russian Federation
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Sechenov University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare,” Russian Federation
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Department of Polymers and Composites, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Spektor
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill I. Zaytsev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Russian Federation
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Russian Federation
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
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Kaczmarczyk LS, Marsay KS, Shevchenko S, Pilossof M, Levi N, Einat M, Oren M, Gerlitz G. Corona and polio viruses are sensitive to short pulses of W-band gyrotron radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:3967-3972. [PMID: 34456659 PMCID: PMC8385265 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised the need of versatile means for virus decontamination. Millimeter waves are used in biochemical research in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP/NMR) spectroscopy. However, their efficiency in object decontamination for viruses has not been tested yet. Here we report the high efficiency of 95 GHz waves in killing both coronavirus 229E and poliovirus. An exposure of 2 s to 95 GHz waves reduced the titer of these viruses by 99.98% and 99.375%, respectively, and formed holes in the envelope of 229E virions as detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The ability of 95 GHz waves to reduce the coronavirus titer to a range of limited infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 for humans and animal models along with precise focusing capabilities for these waves suggest 95 GHz waves as an effective way to decontaminate objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz S. Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, 40700 Ariel, Israel
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Katherine S. Marsay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, 40700 Ariel, Israel
| | - Sergey Shevchenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Moritz Pilossof
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Nehora Levi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, 40700 Ariel, Israel
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Moshe Einat
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Matan Oren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, 40700 Ariel, Israel
| | - Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, 40700 Ariel, Israel
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Particle-in-Cell Simulations of High-Power THz Generator Based on the Collision of Strongly Focused Relativistic Electron Beams in Plasma. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on particle-in-cell simulations, we propose to generate sub-nanosecond pulses of narrowband terahertz radiation with tens of MW power using unique properties of kiloampere relativistic (2 MeV) electron beams produced by linear induction accelerators. Due to small emittance of such beams, they can be focused into millimeter and sub-millimeter spots comparable in sizes with the wavelength of THz radiation. If such a beam is injected into a plasma, it becomes unstable against the two-stream instability and excites plasma oscillations that can be converted to electromagnetic waves at the plasma frequency and its harmonics. It is shown that several radiation mechanisms with high efficiency of power conversion (∼1%) come into play when the radial size of the beam–plasma system becomes comparable with the wavelength of the emitted waves.
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Numerical Modeling of a Rectangular Hollow-Core Waveguide for the Detection of Fuel Adulteration in Terahertz Region. FIBERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fib8100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A petrol adulteration sensor based on a rectangular shaped hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is proposed and numerically analyzed in the terahertz regime. The performance of the proposed sensor was evaluated when it is employed to characterize different kerosene mixtures. In this research, the adulterated fuel sample is filled in the rectangular hollow channel and the electromagnetic signal of the terahertz band is also driven through the same channel. The received signal after the interaction of fuel with the terahertz signal will advise the refractive index of the fuel oil inside the core, which will also bear the information of how much extrinsic component is present in the fuel. The finite element method based simulation shows that the proposed sensor can reach a high relative sensitivity of 89% and presents low confinement losses at 2.8 THz. The reported sensing structure is easily realizable with the conventional manufacturing techniques. Consequently, this proposed fiber may be treated as an essential part of real-life applications of petrol adulteration measurements.
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Perraud JB, Chopard A, Guillet JP, Gellie P, Vuillot A, Mounaix P. A Versatile Illumination System for Real-Time Terahertz Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3993. [PMID: 32709138 PMCID: PMC7412008 DOI: 10.3390/s20143993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz technologies are attracting strong interest from high-end industrial fields, and particularly for non-destructive-testing purposes. Currently lacking compactness, integrability as well as adaptability for those implementations, the development and commercialisation of more efficient sources and detectors progressively ensure the transition toward applicative implementations, especially for real-time full-field imaging. In this work, a flexible illumination system, based on fast beam steering has been developed and characterized. Its primary goal is to suppress interferences induced by the coherence length of certain terahertz sources, spoiling terahertz images. The second goal is to ensure an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio on the detector side by the full use and optimized distribution of the available power. This system provides a homogeneous and adjustable illumination through a simplified setup to guarantee optimum real-time imaging capabilities, tailored to the sample under inspection. Working toward industrial implementations, different illumination process are conveniently assessed as a result of the versatility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Perraud
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
| | - Adrien Chopard
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
- Lytid—8 rue la Fontaine, 92120 Montrouge, France; (P.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Jean-Paul Guillet
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
| | - Pierre Gellie
- Lytid—8 rue la Fontaine, 92120 Montrouge, France; (P.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Antoine Vuillot
- Lytid—8 rue la Fontaine, 92120 Montrouge, France; (P.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Patrick Mounaix
- IMS—Bordeaux University, UMR CNRS 5218, Bât A31, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400 Talence, France; (J.-B.P.); (A.C.); (J.-P.G.)
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