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Rosado-Porto D, Ratering S, Wohlfahrt Y, Schneider B, Glatt A, Schnell S. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations caused a shift of the metabolically active microbiome in vineyard soil. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36809988 PMCID: PMC9942357 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2), one of the main causes of climate change, have several consequences for both vine and cover crops in vineyards and potentially also for the soil microbiome. Hence soil samples were taken from a vineyard free-air CO2 enrichment (VineyardFACE) study in Geisenheim and examined for possible changes in the soil active bacterial composition (cDNA of 16S rRNA) using a metabarcoding approach. Soil samples were taken from the areas between the rows of vines with and without cover cropping from plots exposed to either eCO2 or ambient CO2 (aCO2). RESULTS Diversity indices and redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that eCO2 changed the active soil bacterial diversity in grapevine soil with cover crops (p-value 0.007). In contrast, the bacterial composition in bare soil was unaffected. In addition, the microbial soil respiration (p-values 0.04-0.003) and the ammonium concentration (p-value 0.003) were significantly different in the samples where cover crops were present and exposed to eCO2. Moreover, under eCO2 conditions, qPCR results showed a significant decrease in 16S rRNA copy numbers and transcripts for enzymes involved in N2 fixation and NO2- reduction were observed using qPCR. Co-occurrence analysis revealed a shift in the number, strength, and patterns of microbial interactions under eCO2 conditions, mainly represented by a reduction in the number of interacting ASVs and the number of interactions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that eCO2 concentrations changed the active soil bacterial composition, which could have future influence on both soil properties and wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosado-Porto
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simón Bolívar University, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Stefan Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yvette Wohlfahrt
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Bellinda Schneider
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Glatt
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Wohlfahrt Y, Krüger K, Papsdorf D, Tittmann S, Stoll M. Grapevine leaf physiology and morphological characteristics to elevated CO 2 in the VineyardFACE (Free air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085878. [PMID: 36570950 PMCID: PMC9782973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has continuously increased since pre-industrial times and has currently reached an average growth rate of 2.3 ppm per year. For the majority of plant species elevated CO2 (eCO2) improves photosynthesis and thus plant biomass production. To investigate the effects of eCO2 on leaf physiology and morphological leaf characteristics two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon, grown in the VineyardFACE (Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) system were used. The VineyardFACE is located at Geisenheim, Rheingau comparing future atmospheric CO2-concentrations (eCO2, predicted for the mid-21st century) with current ambient CO2-conditions (aCO2). Experiments were operated under rain-fed conditions for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). For both varieties and CO2 treatments, leaf gas exchange measurements were performed as well as measures of epidermal flavonoid (Flav) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) indices by using a portable leaf clip. Furthermore, leaves were sampled for spectrophotometric analysis of the leaf pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoid (Car). Additionally, leaf cross-sections were produced as permanent preparations to investigate morphological characteristics of the leaf structure. Both cultivars did not differ in leaf chlorophyll meter readings or leaf pigments between the two CO2 treatments while net assimilation was highly stimulated under elevated CO2 for both seasons. Differences found in leaf cross-sections were detected in palisade parenchyma and epidermal thickness of Cabernet Sauvignon under eCO2, whereas Riesling net assimilation increased by 40% under a 20% CO2 enrichment while remaining unaffected in different leaf layer thickness. The observed results within grapevine leaf tissues provide insights to seasonal adaptation strategies of grapevines under elevated CO2 concentrations predicted in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wohlfahrt
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Katja Krüger
- University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops (FGK), Erfurt, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Erfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Papsdorf
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Tittmann
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Stoll
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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Tomada S, Agati G, Serni E, Michelini S, Lazazzara V, Pedri U, Sanoll C, Matteazzi A, Robatscher P, Haas F. Non-destructive fluorescence sensing for assessing microclimate, site and defoliation effects on flavonol dynamics and sugar prediction in Pinot blanc grapes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273166. [PMID: 35972948 PMCID: PMC9380915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era of growing international competition in modern viticulture, the study and implementation of innovative technologies to increase the production of high-quality grapes and wines are of critical importance. In this study, the non-destructive portable sensor Multiplex, based on fluorescence sensing technique, was applied to evaluate grape maturity parameters and flavonol content of the understudied Pinot blanc variety. The effects of environmental and agronomical factors on flavonol content of Pinot blanc grapes were investigated in eight vineyards characterised by different microclimatic and agronomic conditions. Furthermore, the direct impact of canopy management treatment on the flavonol dynamics of the grapes oriented in the four cardinal directions was assessed. Results highlight the positive role of moderate temperatures and direct sunlight exposure on Pinot blanc flavonol content; however, no direct vineyard-elevation effect was observed. The ability to modulate and evaluate the flavonol content in field represent crucial factors because of their potential effect on flavonoids-dependent wine characteristics, such as stability and ageing. In the present study, for the first time, two calibration curves were reported for pre- and post-veraison periods between flavonol indices and the berry skin flavonol content and a good correlation was observed between Multiplex measurement and the total polyphenolic content of grape juice. Moreover, the strong correlation between the chlorophyll index with grape juice sugar content and titratable acidity revealed the practical application of non-destructive sensors to predict the optimal harvest time for Pinot blanc grapes. In conclusion, the non-destructive fluorescence sensor Multiplex is a high-potential tool for innovative viticulture, for evaluating grape skin composition variables in white grape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Tomada
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Agati
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata ‘Nello Carrara’, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Goicoechea N, Jiménez L, Prieto E, Gogorcena Y, Pascual I, Irigoyen JJ, Antolín MC. Assessment of Nutritional and Quality Properties of Leaves and Musts in Three Local Spanish Grapevine Varieties Undergoing Controlled Climate Change Scenarios. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061198. [PMID: 34208410 PMCID: PMC8231099 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The objectives of our study were (1) to evaluate the nutritional properties of the leaves of three local Spanish grapevines (Tinto Velasco, TV, Pasera, PAS, and Ambrosina, AMB) when grown under climate change conditions, and (2) to test the potentiality of these grapevines as suitable candidates to be cultivated under climate change scenarios based on the quality of their must. Experimental assays were performed with fruit-bearing cuttings grown in temperature gradient greenhouses that simulate rising CO2 (700 μmol mol-1) and warming (ambient temperature +4 °C), either acting alone or in combination. TV and AMB were the most and the least affected by air temperature and CO2 concentration, respectively. The interaction of elevated CO2 with high temperature induced the accumulation of proteins and phenolic compounds in leaves of TV, thus enhancing their nutritional properties. In PAS, the negative effect of high temperature on protein contents was compensated for by elevated CO2. Warming was the most threatening scenario for maintaining the must quality in the three varieties, but elevated CO2 exerted a beneficial effect when acting alone and compensated for the negative effects of high temperatures. While TV may be a candidate to be cultivated in not very warm areas (higher altitudes or colder latitudes), PAS behaved as the most stable genotype under different environmental scenarios, making it the most versatile candidate for cultivation in areas affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Goicoechea
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.J.); (E.P.); (I.P.); (J.J.I.); (M.C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600 (ext. 806489)
| | - Leyre Jiménez
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.J.); (E.P.); (I.P.); (J.J.I.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Eduardo Prieto
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.J.); (E.P.); (I.P.); (J.J.I.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Yolanda Gogorcena
- Departamento de Pomología, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 50080 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.J.); (E.P.); (I.P.); (J.J.I.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.J.); (E.P.); (I.P.); (J.J.I.); (M.C.A.)
| | - María Carmen Antolín
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Department of Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.J.); (E.P.); (I.P.); (J.J.I.); (M.C.A.)
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Arrizabalaga-Arriazu M, Gomès E, Morales F, Irigoyen JJ, Pascual I, Hilbert G. Impact of 2100-Projected Air Temperature, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Scarcity on Grape Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Different Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo Clones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6172-6185. [PMID: 34033469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intra-varietal diversity can be an interesting approach for the adaptation of viticulture to climate change. We evaluated the response of four Tempranillo clones to simulated year-2100-expected air temperature, CO2, and relative humidity (RH) conditions: climate change (CC; 28 °C/18 °C, 700 μmol mol-1 CO2, and 35%/53% RH) vs current situation conditions (CS; 24 °C/14 °C, 400 μmol mol-1 CO2, and 45%/63% RH), under two irrigation regimes, "well-watered" (WW) vs "water deficit" (WD). The treatments were applied to fruit-bearing cuttings grown under research-oriented greenhouse controlled conditions. CC increased sugar accumulation and hastened grape phenology, an effect that was mitigated by water deficit. Both CC and water deficit modified amino acid concentrations and accumulation profiles with different intensities, depending on the clone. Combined CC and water deficit decreased anthocyanins and the anthocyanin to total soluble solids (TSS) ratio. The results suggest differences in the response of the clones to the 2100-projected conditions, which are not always solely explained by differences observed in the ripening dynamics. Among the clones studied, RJ43 and CL306 were the most affected by CC/WD conditions; meanwhile, 1084 was globally less affected than the other clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arrizabalaga-Arriazu
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Wohlfahrt Y, Patz CD, Schmidt D, Rauhut D, Honermeier B, Stoll M. Responses on Must and Wine Composition of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon under a Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE). Foods 2021; 10:145. [PMID: 33445693 PMCID: PMC7828110 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges of climate change on the future grape and wine production are widely discussed in science and in the wine industry with the goal to maintain a consistent must and wine quality in the future. Therefore, the effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2)-as one of the relevant greenhouse gases jointly responsible for a changing climate-was investigated concerning the composition of must and wine made of two grapevine cultivars V. vinifera L. cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon within the established VineyardFACE (Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) experiment. Must and wine analysis were conducted in three consecutive years (2014-2016) by analyzing standard must and wine parameters, e.g., total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total acidity (TA), organic acids (e.g., tartaric acid, malic acid, shikimic acid, citric acid, volatile acid and gluconic acid) or total phenolics (TP). Also, for both cultivars CIELab coordinates (L* for lightness, a* as green/red and b* as blue/yellow components) were used to test colour in young white and red wines. Additionally, total anthocyanins and monomeric indices were analyzed for young wines of the red cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. With marginal differences between CO2 treatments, the composition of must and young wines was not found to be negatively influenced by an eCO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Wohlfahrt
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Claus-Dieter Patz
- Department of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Department of Modeling and Systems Analysis, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Doris Rauhut
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Bernd Honermeier
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Manfred Stoll
- Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Zheng W, Martínez de Toda F. Current viticultural techniques to mitigate the effects of global warming on grape and wine quality: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Antolín MC, Toledo M, Pascual I, Irigoyen JJ, Goicoechea N. The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010071. [PMID: 33396405 PMCID: PMC7824074 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.
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