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Pop MA, Croitoru C, Matei S, Zaharia SM, Coșniță M, Spîrchez C. Thermal and Sound Insulation Properties of Organic Biocomposite Mixtures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:672. [PMID: 38475356 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable building materials with excellent thermal stability and sound insulation are crucial for eco-friendly construction. This study investigates biocomposites made from cellulose pulp reinforced with beeswax, fir resin, and natural fillers like horsetail, rice flour, and fir needles. Eight formulations were obtained, and their thermal resistance, oxidation temperature, and acoustic properties were evaluated. Biocomposites exhibited significant improvements compared to conventional materials. Oxidation temperature onset increased by 60-70 °C compared to polyurethane foam or recycled textiles, reaching 280-290 °C. Sound absorption coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.78, with some formulations exceeding 0.5 across mid-frequencies, indicating good sound-dampening potential. These findings demonstrate the promise of these biocomposites for sustainable construction, offering a balance of thermal and acoustic performance alongside environmental and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Alin Pop
- Department of Materials Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Cătălin Croitoru
- Materials Engineering and Welding Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Simona Matei
- Department of Materials Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Sebastian-Marian Zaharia
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Coșniță
- Department of Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Cosmin Spîrchez
- Wood Processing and Design Wooden Product Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
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2
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Tavares L, Sousa LR, da Silva SM, Lima PS, Oliveira JM. Effect of Incorporation of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Physicochemical, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Biobased and Biodegradable Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3622. [PMID: 37688248 PMCID: PMC10489778 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to study the effect of the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GRA 0.5% and 1% (w/w)) on the matrices of biobased polymers composed of starch-based materials (B20) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) using pine rosin (RES) as a compatibilizer. Three formulations were produced (B20/RES/PBS, B20/RES/PBS/GRA0.5%, and B20/RES/PBS/GRA1%), and their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact), rheological behavior, thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), chemical analysis (Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy), and contact angle were evaluated. Hardness (Shore D), tensile, and flexural moduli increased, whereas elongation at break and toughness decreased as GRA content increased. FTIR studies strongly supported the existence of interactions between polymeric matrices and the large surface area of GRA. The viscosity flow curves were well fitted to the Cross-Williams-Landel-Ferry (Cross-WLF) model, and the three formulations exhibited non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) behavior. The analysis of water contact angles indicated that the formulation surfaces have hydrophilic behavior. All the samples are thermally stable, and the results of this study can be used to optimize the application of biobased graphene-based composites for applications in injection molding industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loleny Tavares
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal; (L.R.S.); (S.M.d.S.); (P.S.L.)
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Liliana R. Sousa
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal; (L.R.S.); (S.M.d.S.); (P.S.L.)
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Magalhães da Silva
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal; (L.R.S.); (S.M.d.S.); (P.S.L.)
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo S. Lima
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal; (L.R.S.); (S.M.d.S.); (P.S.L.)
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- TEMA, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3810-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal; (L.R.S.); (S.M.d.S.); (P.S.L.)
- EMaRT Group—Emerging Materials, Research, Technology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO Aveiro—Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Goli VSNS, Singh DN. Discussion on "Thermal and mechanical characterization of composite materials from industrial plastic wastes and recycled nylon fibers for floor paving tiles application" by Owen et al., Waste Management 166 (2023) 25-34. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:286-288. [PMID: 37487341 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devendra Narain Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.
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Juan-Polo A, Pavon C, de la Rosa-Ramírez H, López-Martínez J. Use of Raw Peach Gum as a Sustainable Additive for the Development of Water-Sensitive and Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3359. [PMID: 37631415 PMCID: PMC10458062 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, formulations of thermoplastic starch (TPS) with 5, 10, and 15 parts per hundred resin (phr) of raw peach gum (PG) were prepared by melt extrusion followed by injection molding to obtain standard specimens for characterization. In addition, biodegradable films were developed by compression molding. It was determined that TPS with 5 phr and 10 phr of PG presented similar mechanical behavior to pure TPS after the processing. However, results indicated that adding PG in 10 phr slowed down the starch's retrogradation, delaying the TPS structure's stiffening. Moreover, the TPS-PG formulations presented improved solubility, which increased by 24% with 10 and 15 phr of PG compared to that shown for TPS. Additionally, PG enhanced the compostability of TPS, causing the sample to disintegrate in a shorter period. In conclusion, it was determined that raw PG added in 10 phr could be added as a sustainable additive to modify the biodegradation and water sensitivity of TPS without affecting its mechanical behavior after processing and delaying the retrogradation of the TPS structure, increasing its shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Alicante, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (H.d.l.R.-R.); (J.L.-M.)
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Aqsha A, Winoto HP, Adhi TP, Adisasmito S, Ramli Y, Siddiq L, Pratama FB, Ramdani MR, Indarto A. Sequential Esterification-Diels-Alder Reactions for Improving Pine Rosin Durability within Road Marking Paint. Molecules 2023; 28:5236. [PMID: 37446897 PMCID: PMC10343265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pine rosin, which is derived from Pinus merkusii resin, a natural product, has demonstrated potential as a road marking binder. Although pine rosin has an excellent shinning property, it has some limitations, such as instability and color change. To tackle these issues, modified rosin has been developed through sequential esterification and Diels-Alder reactions, and it has shown better properties than untreated rosin. In this study, from the evaluation of untreated and treated rosins, the treated rosin showed some improvements, such as a lower acid value and higher stability, as shown by the color consistency during the oxidation test at 150 °C for 24 h in open-air conditions. Additionally, as road marking paint, the modified rosin is blended with blending materials in the range of 18-28 wt.%. The modified rosin has a softening point of 170-210 °C, a hardness of 50-71 HD, and a weight loss of 1.33-5.12 mg during the wearing test. These results are comparable to or better than those of commercially available road marking products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsha Aqsha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (H.P.W.); (T.P.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC), Mashudi No. 1, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.S.); (F.B.P.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Haryo Pandu Winoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (H.P.W.); (T.P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Tri Partono Adhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (H.P.W.); (T.P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sanggono Adisasmito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (H.P.W.); (T.P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Yusrin Ramli
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 1-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan;
| | - Lathifuddin Siddiq
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC), Mashudi No. 1, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.S.); (F.B.P.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Fauzi Bhakti Pratama
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC), Mashudi No. 1, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.S.); (F.B.P.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Ramdani
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC), Mashudi No. 1, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.S.); (F.B.P.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Antonius Indarto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (H.P.W.); (T.P.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC), Mashudi No. 1, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.S.); (F.B.P.); (M.R.R.)
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A Novel Starch from Talisia floresii Standl Seeds: Characterization of Its Physicochemical, Structural and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010130. [PMID: 36616480 PMCID: PMC9824421 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colok seed (Talisia floresii Standl) represents 80% of the total fruit weight and is obtained from trees that grow mainly in Yucatan Peninsula. The aim of this work was the physicochemical characterization from colok starch seeds as an alternative to conventional sources and to identify its characteristics for potential applications in different industrial sectors. Starch yield was 42.1% with low levels of lipids, ashes and fibers. The amylose content was 33.6 ± 1.15%. The gelatinization temperature was 85 ± 0.25 °C. Color analysis resulted in a starch with an intermediate luminosity, reflecting a dark color. Finally, in morphology, starch granule exhibited an average size of 18.7 μm, spherical, uniform and without fractures. Overall results demonstrated that isolated colok starch can be used in food products that require high processing temperatures, such as sauces, cookies, noodles, bread and food packages.
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Horstmann M, Buchheit H, Speck T, Poppinga S. The cracking of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) cones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982756. [PMID: 36330256 PMCID: PMC9623100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pine cones show functionally highly resilient, hygroscopically actuated opening and closing movements, which are repeatable and function even in millions of years old, coalified cones. Although the functional morphology and biomechanics behind the individual seed scale motions are well understood, the initial opening of the cone, which is often accompanied by an audible cracking noise, is not. We therefore investigated the initial opening events of mature fresh cones of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and their subsequent motion patterns. Using high-speed and time lapse videography, 3D digital image correlation techniques, force measurements, thermographic and chemical-rheological resin analyses, we are able to draw a holistic picture of the initial opening process involving the rupture of resin seals and very fast seed scale motion in the millisecond regime. The rapid cone opening was not accompanied by immediate seed release in our experiments and, therefore, cannot be assigned to ballistochory. As the involved passive hydraulic-elastic processes in cracking are very fine-tuned, we hypothesize that they are under tight mechanical-structural control to ensure an ecologically optimized seed release upon environmental conditions suitable for wind dispersal. In this context, we propose an interplay of humidity and temperature to be the external "drivers" for the initial cone opening, in which resin works as a crucial chemical-mechanical latch system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horstmann
- Botanic Garden, Plant Biomechanics Group, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hannah Buchheit
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Botanic Garden, Plant Biomechanics Group, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Simon Poppinga
- Department of Biology, Botanical Garden, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Aversa C, Barletta M. Addition of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) to Binary Blends of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT): Extrusion Compounding, Cast Extrusion and Thermoforming of Home Compostable Materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Pavon C, Aldas M, Hernández‐Fernández J, López‐Martínez J. Comparative characterization of gum rosins for their use as sustainable additives in polymeric matrices. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alcoy Spain
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional Quito Ecuador
| | - Joaquín Hernández‐Fernández
- Centro de Investigación e Invención en Ciencias e Ingeniarías CECOPAT&A Cartagena Colombia
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences Universidad de la Costa Barranquilla Colombia
| | - Juan López‐Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alcoy Spain
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Rasouli S, Raveshtian A, Fasihi M. Thermal Characteristics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Thermal Degradation Reaction, and Hydrophobicity of Corn Starch Affected by Chemical and Physical Modifications. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rasouli
- School of Chemical Petroleum and Gas Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) P.O. Box Tehran 16844‐13114 Iran
| | - Amin Raveshtian
- School of Chemical Petroleum and Gas Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) P.O. Box Tehran 16844‐13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Fasihi
- School of Chemical Petroleum and Gas Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) P.O. Box Tehran 16844‐13114 Iran
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Bolskis E, Adomavičiūtė E, Griškonis E. Formation and Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal, Optical and Wetting Properties of Melt-Spun Multifilament Poly(lactic acid) Yarns with Added Rosins. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030379. [PMID: 35160368 PMCID: PMC8839943 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One method for adding enhancing properties to textile materials is the insertion of natural ingredients into the textile products during the manufacturing or finishing process. The aim of this research is to investigate the formation of biodegradable melt-spun multifilament Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) yarns with different contents (i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15%) of natural material–rosin, also known as colophony. In this study, multifilament yarns were successfully formed from PLA and a natural substance–pine rosin by melt-spinning them at two different draw ratios (i.e., 1.75 and 2.75). The results indicated that a 1.75 draw ratio caused the formation of PLA and PLA/rosin yarns that were brittle. The presence of rosin (i.e., 5% and 10%) in multifilament yarns decreased the mechanical properties of the PLA/rosin melt-spun multifilament yarns’ tenacity (cN/tex), breaking tenacity (cN/tex), and tensile strain (%) and elongation at break (%) and increased absorbance in the entire UV region spectra. In addition, the melting point and degree of crystallinity decreased and there was an increase in the wetting angle compared with pure PLA multifilament. The investigation of melt-spun yarns with Raman spectroscopy proved the presence of rosin in PLA melt-spun yarns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Bolskis
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika Adomavičiūtė
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Egidijus Griškonis
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Whulanza Y, Azadi A, Supriadi S, Rahman S, Chalid M, Irsyad M, Nadhif M, Kreshanti P. Tailoring mechanical properties and degradation rate of maxillofacial implant based on sago starch/polylactid acid blend. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08600. [PMID: 35028440 PMCID: PMC8741438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymeric bone implants have a distinctive advantage compared to metal implants due to their degradability in the local bone host. The usage of degradable implant prevents the need for an implant removal surgery especially if they fixated in challenging position such as maxillofacial area. Additionally, this fixation system has been widely applied in fixing maxillofacial fracture in child patients. An ideal degradable implant has a considerable mass degradation rate that proved structural integrity to the healing bone. At this moment, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are the most common materials used as degradable implant. This composition of materials has a degradation rate of more than a year. A long degradation rate increases the long-term biohazard risk for the bone host. Therefore, a faster degradation rate with adequate strength of implant is the focal point of this research. This study tailored the tunable degradability of starch with strength properties of PLA. Blending system of starch and PLA has been reported widely, but none of them were aimed to be utilized as medical implant. Here, various concentrations of sago starch/PLA and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) were composed to meet the requirement of maxillofacial miniplate implant. The implant was realized using an injection molding process to have a six-hole-miniplate with 1.2 mm thick and 34 mm length. The specimens were physiochemically characterized through X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the microstructure and chemical interactions of the starch/PLA/PEG polymers are correlated with the mechanical characteristics of the blends. Compared to a pure PLA miniplate, the sago starch/PLA/PEG blend shows a 60-80% lower tensile strength and stiffness. However, the flexural strength and elongation break are improved. A degradation study was conducted to observe the mass degradation rate of miniplate for 10 weeks duration. It is found that a maximum concentration of 20% sago starch and 10% of PEG in the PLA blending has promising properties as desired. The blends showed a 100-150% higher degradability rate compared to the pure PLA or a commercial miniplate. The numerical simulation was conducted and confirmed that the miniplate in the mandibular area were shown to be endurable with standard applied loading. The mechanical properties resulted from the experimental work was applied in the Finite Element Analysis to find that our miniplate were in acceptable level. Lastly, the in-vitro test showed that implants are safe to human cell with viability more than 80%. These findings shall support the use of this miniplate in rehabilitating mandibular fractures with faster degradation with acceptance level of mechanical characteristic specifically in case of 4-6 weeks bone union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - A. Azadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Indonesia
| | - S. Supriadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - S.F. Rahman
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M. Chalid
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M. Irsyad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M.H. Nadhif
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - P. Kreshanti
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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Pavon C, Aldas M, De La Rosa‐Ramírez H, Samper MD, Arrieta MP, López‐Martínez J. Bilayer films of poly(ε‐caprolactone) electrosprayed with gum rosin microspheres: Processing and characterization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alcoy Spain
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alcoy Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria Escuela Politécnica Nacional Quito Ecuador
| | | | - María Dolores Samper
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alcoy Spain
| | - Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII‐UPM) Madrid Spain
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA) Madrid Spain
| | - Juan López‐Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM) Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) Alcoy Spain
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Aldas M, Ferri JM, Motoc DL, Peponi L, Arrieta MP, López-Martínez J. Gum Rosin as a Size Control Agent of Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) Domains to Increase the Toughness of Packaging Formulations Based on Polylactic Acid (PLA). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121913. [PMID: 34201407 PMCID: PMC8229187 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gum rosin (GR) was used as a natural additive to improve the compatibility between polylactic acid, PLA, and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate, PBAT, blended with 20 wt.% of PBAT (PLA/PBAT). The PBAT was used as a soft component to increase the ductility of PLA and its fracture toughness. The coalescence of the PBAT domains was possible due to the plasticization effect of the GR component. These domains contributed to increasing the toughness of the final material due to the variation and control of the PBAT domains’ size and consequently, reducing the stress concentration points. The GR was used in contents of 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr. Consequently, the flexural properties were improved and the impact resistance increased up to 80% in PLA/PBAT_15GR with respect to the PLA/PBAT formulation. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images allowed observing that the size of PBAT domains of 2–3 µm was optimal to reduce the impact stress. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed a reduction of up to 8 °C on the PLA melting temperature and up to 5.3 °C of the PLA glass transition temperature in the PLA/PBAT_20GR formulation, which indicates an improvement in the processability of PLA. Finally, transparent films with improved oxygen barrier performance and increased hydrophobicity were obtained suggesting the potential interest of these blends for the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 170517 Quito, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (J.M.F.); Tel.: +593-999-736-444 (M.A.); +34-699-495-982 (J.M.F.)
| | - José Miguel Ferri
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (J.M.F.); Tel.: +593-999-736-444 (M.A.); +34-699-495-982 (J.M.F.)
| | - Dana Luca Motoc
- Department of Automotive and Transport Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Eroilor Av., 500036 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan López-Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
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Pavon C, Aldas M, López-Martínez J, Hernández-Fernández J, Arrieta MP. Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging. Foods 2021; 10:1171. [PMID: 34071084 PMCID: PMC8224774 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Completely biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) based materials with a tunable performance were prepared for food packaging applications. Five blends were prepared by blending TPS with 10 wt%. of different pine resins derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The materials were characterized in terms of thermo-mechanical behavior, surface wettability, color performance, water absorption, X-ray diffraction pattern, and disintegration under composting conditions. It was determined that pine resin derivatives increase the hydrophobicity of TPS and also increase the elastic component of TPS which stiffen the TPS structure. The water uptake study revealed that GR and LF were able to decrease the water absorption of TPS, while the rest of the resins kept the water uptake ability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that GR, CM, and RD restrain the aging of TPS after 24 months of aging. Finally, all TPS-resin blends were disintegrated under composting conditions during the thermophilic incubation period (90 days). Because of the TPS-resin blend's performance, the prepared materials are suitable for biodegradable rigid food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavon
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Miguel Aldas
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - Juan López-Martínez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (M.A.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Research Group in Polymer Science, Engineering and Sustainability, Esenttia, Mamonal Industrial Zona, km. 8, Cartagena 130013, Colombia;
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Marina Patricia Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Films Based on Mater-Bi ® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091506. [PMID: 34067087 PMCID: PMC8124954 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mater-Bi® NF866 (MB) was blended with gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (labeled as LF and UT), as additives, to produce biobased and compostable films for food packaging or agricultural mulch films. The films were prepared by blending MB with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of each additive. The obtained films were characterized by optical, colorimetric, wettability, and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the additives and the MB-based films were disintegrated under composting conditions and the effect of each additive on the biodegradation rate was studied. All films were homogeneous and optically transparent. The color of the films tended to yellow tones due to the addition of pine resin derivatives. All the formulated films presented a complete UV-transmittance blocking effect in the UVA and UVB region, and those with 5 wt.% of pine resin derivatives increased the MB hydrophobicity. Low amounts of resins tend to maintain the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values of the neat MB, due to its good solubilizing and compatibilizing effects. The disintegration under composting conditions test revealed that gum rosin completely disintegrates in about 90 days, while UT degrades 80% and LF degrades 5%, over 180 days of incubation. As expected, the same tendency was obtained for the disintegration of the studied films, although Mater-Bi® reach 28% of disintegrability over the 180 days of the composting test.
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Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tomasi P, Marincich L, Poli F. Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:495. [PMID: 33477709 PMCID: PMC7831927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement "greener" practices in the latter sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (P.T.); (L.M.); (F.P.)
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Study of the Properties of a Biodegradable Polymer Filled with Different Wood Flour Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122974. [PMID: 33322088 PMCID: PMC7764264 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic wood flour particles with three different sizes were used to reinforce Solanyl® type bioplastic in three compositions (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and further processed by melt-extrusion and injection molding to simulate industrial conditions. The wood flour particles were morphologically and granulometric analyzed to evaluate their use as reinforcing filler. The Fuller method on wood flour particles was successfully applied and the obtained results were subsequently corroborated by the mechanical characterization. The rheological studies allowed observing how the viscosity was affected by the addition of wood flour and to recover information about the processing conditions of the biocomposites. Results suggest that all particles can be employed in extrusion processes (shear rate less than 1000 s−1). However, under injection molding conditions, biocomposites with high percentages of wood flour or excessively large particles may cause an increase in defective injected-parts due to obstruction of the gate in the mold. From a processing point of view and based on the biocomposites performance, the best combination resulted in Solanyl® type biopolymer reinforced with wood flour particles loaded up to 20 wt.% of small and medium particles size. The obtained biocomposites are of interest for injected molding parts for several industrial applications.
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Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122891. [PMID: 33276625 PMCID: PMC7761566 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with good features for packaging applications. However, the mechanical performance and high prices of PBAT limit its current usage at the commercial level. To improve the properties and reduce the cost of PBAT, pine resin derivatives, gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (UT), were proposed as sustainable additives. For this purpose, PBAT was blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of additives by melt-extrusion followed by injection moulding. The overall performance of the formulations was assessed by tensile test, microstructural, thermal, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that although good miscibility of both resins with PBAT matrix was achieved, GR in 10 wt.% showed better interfacial adhesion with the PBAT matrix than UT. The thermal characterization suggested that GR and UT reduce PBAT melting enthalpy and enhance its thermal stability, improving PBAT processability. A 10 wt.% of GR significantly increased the tensile properties of PBAT, while a 15 wt.% of UT maintained PBAT tensile performance. The obtained materials showed higher hydrophobicity than neat PBAT. Thus, GR and UT demonstrated that they are advantageous additives for PBAT–resin compounding for rigid food packaging which are easy to process and adequate for industrial scalability. At the same time, they enhance its mechanical and hydrophobic performance.
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