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Sundaram T, Rajendran S, Gnanasekaran L, Rachmadona N, Jiang JJ, Khoo KS, Show PL. Bioengineering strategies of microalgae biomass for biofuel production: recent advancement and insight. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252228. [PMID: 37661811 PMCID: PMC10478748 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-based biofuel developed over the past decade has become a viable substitute for petroleum-based energy sources. Due to their high lipid accumulation rates and low carbon dioxide emissions, microalgal species are considered highly valuable feedstock for biofuel generation. This review article presented the importance of biofuel and the flaws that need to be overcome to ensure algae-based biofuels are effective for future-ready bioenergy sources. Besides, several issues related to the optimization and engineering strategies to be implemented for microalgae-based biofuel derivatives and their production were evaluated. In addition, the fundamental studies on the microalgae technology, experimental cultivation, and engineering processes involved in the development are all measures that are commendably used in the pre-treatment processes. The review article also provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings about various algae species cultivation and biomass production. It concludes with the most recent data on environmental consequences, their relevance to global efforts to create microalgae-based biomass as effective biofuels, and the most significant threats and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaivel Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Mohali, India
| | - Nova Rachmadona
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management (CERM), Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Santin A, Russo MT, Ferrante MI, Balzano S, Orefice I, Sardo A. Highly Valuable Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae: Strategies to Improve Their Yields and Their Potential Exploitation in Aquaculture. Molecules 2021; 26:7697. [PMID: 34946780 PMCID: PMC8707597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have a great potential for the production of healthy food and feed supplements. Their ability to convert carbon into high-value compounds and to be cultured in large scale without interfering with crop cultivation makes these photosynthetic microorganisms promising for the sustainable production of lipids. In particular, microalgae represent an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), whose consumption is related to various health benefits for humans and animals. In recent years, several strategies to improve PUFAs' production in microalgae have been investigated. Such strategies include selecting the best performing species and strains and the optimization of culturing conditions, with special emphasis on the different cultivation systems and the effect of different abiotic factors on PUFAs' accumulation in microalgae. Moreover, developments and results obtained through the most modern genetic and metabolic engineering techniques are described, focusing on the strategies that lead to an increased lipid production or an altered PUFAs' profile. Additionally, we provide an overview of biotechnological applications of PUFAs derived from microalgae as safe and sustainable organisms, such as aquafeed and food ingredients, and of the main techniques (and their related issues) for PUFAs' extraction and purification from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santin
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Monia Teresa Russo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Sergio Balzano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Netherland Institute for Sea Research, Landsdiep 4, 1793 AB Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Angela Sardo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.T.R.); (S.B.); (I.O.)
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti “Eduardo Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Nutritional Quality of the European Spiny Lobster Palinurus elephas (J.C. Fabricius, 1787) (Achelata, Palinuridae) and the Non-Indigenous Northern Brown Shrimp Penaeus aztecus Ives, 1891 (Dendrobranchiata, Penaeidae). Foods 2021; 10:foods10102480. [PMID: 34681529 PMCID: PMC8535637 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The European spiny lobster is a species of great commercial value, yet a limited scientific knowledge exists on its biology, ecology, and physiology, especially for the stocks from east Mediterranean waters. The northern brown shrimp, a non-indigenous established species, is commercially exploited in regions of the Mediterranean Sea. Both species’ proximate composition and fatty acid profile were assessed for the first time in the Mediterranean region, exhibiting an overall significant statistical difference. Protein, fat, and energy contents were significantly higher in the northern brown shrimp, whereas moisture and ash contents were significantly higher in the European spiny lobster. The proximate composition for both species was well within the reported range for other lobster and prawn species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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