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Park EJ, Ha TH. Pb 2+ Ion Sensors Employing Gold Etching Process: Comparative Investigation on Au Nanorods and Au Nanotriangles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:497. [PMID: 38257590 PMCID: PMC10820728 DOI: 10.3390/s24020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The leaching phenomenon of gold (Au) nanomaterials by Pb2+ ions in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and thiosulfate (S2O32- ion) has been systematically applied to a Pb2+ ion sensor. To further investigate the role of Pb2+ ions in sensors containing Au nanomaterials, we revisited the leaching conditions for Au nanorods and compared them with the results for Au nanotriangles. By monitoring the etching rate, it was revealed that Pb2+ ions were important for the acceleration of the etching rate mainly driven by 2-ME and S2O32- pairs, and nanomolar detection of Pb2+ ions were shown to be promoted through this catalytic effect. Using the etchant, the overall size of the Au nanorods decreased but showed an unusual red-shift in UV-Vis spectrum indicating increase of aspect ratio. Indeed, the length of Au nanorods decreased by 9.4% with the width decreasing by 17.4% over a 30-min reaction time. On the other hand, the Au nanotriangles with both flat sides surrounded mostly by dense Au{111} planes showed ordinary blue-shift in UV-Vis spectrum as the length of one side was reduced by 21.3%. By observing the changes in the two types of Au nanomaterials, we inferred that there was facet-dependent alloy formation with lead, and this difference resulted in Au nanotriangles showing good sensitivity, but lower detection limits compared to the Au nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Park
- Core Research Facility and Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Ha
- Core Research Facility and Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed AS, Mohamed MBI, Bedair MA, El-Zomrawy AA, Bakr MF. A new Schiff base-fabricated pencil lead electrode for the efficient detection of copper, lead, and cadmium ions in aqueous media. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15651-15666. [PMID: 37228676 PMCID: PMC10204702 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were individually and simultaneously determined using a novel and effective electroanalytical approach that has been devised and improved. Cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the electrochemical properties of the selected metals, and their individual and combined concentrations were determined by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using a modified pencil lead (PL) working electrode functionalized with a freshly synthesized Schiff base, 4-((2-hydroxy-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)amino)benzoic acid (HDBA). In a buffer solution of 0.1 M tris-HCl, heavy metal concentrations were determined. To improve the experimental circumstances for determination, scan rate, pH, and their interactions with current were studied. At some concentration levels, the calibration graphs for the chosen metals were linear. The concentration of each metal was altered while the others remained unchanged for both the individual and simultaneous determination of these metals, and the devised approach was proven to be accurate, selective, and rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman S Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University 11884 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud A Bedair
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, University of Bisha P. O. Box 101 Al-Namas 61977 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adham A El-Zomrawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University 11884 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Moustafa F Bakr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University 11884 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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Wu D, Hu Y, Cheng H, Ye X. Detection Techniques for Lead Ions in Water: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083601. [PMID: 37110841 PMCID: PMC10143718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead pollution has increasingly become the focus of environmental pollution, which is a great harm to the ecological environment and human health. Strict control of the emission of lead pollutants and accurate monitoring of lead are very important. The lead ion detection technologies are introduced here, including spectrophotometry, electrochemical method, atomic absorption spectrometry, and other detection methods, and the methods' applicability, the advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. The detection limits of voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry are as low as 0.1 μg/L, and those of atomic absorption spectrometry are as low as 2 μg/L. The detection limit of photometry is higher (0.01 mg/L), but this method can be achieved in most laboratories. The application of different extraction pretreatment technologies in lead ion detection is introduced. The new technologies develop at home and abroad, such as precious metal nanogold technology, paper microfluidic technology, fluorescence molecular probe technology, spectroscopy, and other emerging technologies in recent years, are reviewed, and the principle and application of various technologies are expounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinglu Hu
- Zhejiang Lohand Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Jalali Sarvestani MR, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Ultra-trace levels voltammetric determination of Pb 2+ in the presence of Bi 3+ at food samples by a Fe 3O 4@Schiff base Network 1 modified glassy carbon electrode. Talanta 2022; 250:123716. [PMID: 35792444 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for the square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb2+ at ultra-trace levels. A Glassy carbon electrode was modified with an in-situ electroplated bismuth film and the nanocomposite of a recently synthesized melamine based covalent organic framework (schiff base network1 (SNW1)) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SNW1). The obtained results exhibit clearly that combination of Fe3O4@SNW1 and in-situ electroplated bismuth film enhances the sensitivity of the modified electrode towards Pb2+ remarkably. A Plackett-Burman design was implemented for screening experimental factors to specify the significant variables influencing the sensitivity of the electroanalytical method. Afterward, the effective factors were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Under optimized conditions, the proposed electrode showed a linear response towards Pb2+ in the concentration range of 0.003-0.3 μmol L-1 with the detection limit of 0.95 nmol L-1. The selectivity of the fabricated electrode towards different ionic species were checked out and no serious interference was observed. At the end, the application of the designed sensor in the determination of Pb2+ at 10 different edible specimens were investigated and the obtained recovery values were in the range of (95.56-106.64%) indicating the successful performance of the designed sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran.
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838695, Iran
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Barros TM, Medeiros de Araújo D, Lemos de Melo AT, Martínez-Huitle CA, Vocciante M, Ferro S, Vieira dos Santos E. An Electroanalytical Solution for the Determination of Pb 2+ in Progressive Hair Dyes Using the Cork-Graphite Sensor. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041466. [PMID: 35214367 PMCID: PMC8875311 DOI: 10.3390/s22041466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most toxic metals for living organisms: once absorbed by soft tissues, it is capable of triggering various pathologies, subsequently bioaccumulating in the bones. In consideration of this, its detection and quantification in products for human consumption and use is of great interest, especially if the procedure can be carried out in an easy, reproducible and economical way. This work presents the results of the electroanalytical determination of lead in three different commercial products used as progressive hair dyes. Analyses were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) using a composite cork–graphite sensor in 0.5M H2SO4 solution or 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), in the presence and absence of hair dye samples. The H2SO4 solution gave better results in terms of analyte sensitivity than the acetate buffer electrolyte. In both cases, well-defined signals for lead were obtained by DPSV analyses, enabling the calibration curve and figures of merit to be determined. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to be approximately 1.06 µM and 1.26 µM in H2SO4 and acetate buffer, respectively. The DPSV standard addition method was successfully applied to quantify the lead in hair dye samples, yielding values below 0.45% in Pb. All three analyzed samples were shown to comply with the limit set by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, i.e., 0.6% lead in this type of product. The comparison of the electroanalytical results with those obtained by the reference method, based on the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), confirmed that the electroanalytical detection approach is potentially applicable as a strategy for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Medeiros Barros
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; (T.M.B.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.T.L.d.M.); (C.A.M.-H.)
| | - Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; (T.M.B.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.T.L.d.M.); (C.A.M.-H.)
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Química Analítica, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.610-210, RN, Brazil
| | - Alana Tamires Lemos de Melo
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; (T.M.B.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.T.L.d.M.); (C.A.M.-H.)
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Química Analítica, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.610-210, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; (T.M.B.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.T.L.d.M.); (C.A.M.-H.)
| | - Marco Vocciante
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Ferro
- Ecas4 Australia Pty Ltd., Mile End South, SA 5031, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (E.V.d.S.)
| | - Elisama Vieira dos Santos
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; (T.M.B.); (D.M.d.A.); (A.T.L.d.M.); (C.A.M.-H.)
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (E.V.d.S.)
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Green Composite Sensor for Monitoring Hydroxychloroquine in Different Water Matrix. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174990. [PMID: 34501080 PMCID: PMC8434169 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a derivative of 4-aminoquinolone, is prescribed as an antimalarial prevention drug and to treat diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, Coronavirus (COVID-19) treatment was authorized by national and international medical organizations by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in certain hospitalized patients. However, it is considered as an unproven hypothesis for treating COVID-19 which even itself must be investigated. Consequently, the high risk of natural water contamination due to the large production and utilization of HCQ is a key issue to overcome urgently. In fact, in Brazil, the COVID-19 kit (hydroxychloroquine and/or ivermectin) has been indicated as pre-treatment, and consequently, several people have used these drugs, for longer periods, converting them in emerging water pollutants when these are excreted and released to aquatic environments. For this reason, the development of tools for monitoring HCQ concentration in water and the treatment of polluted effluents is needed to minimize its hazardous effects. Then, in this study, an electrochemical measuring device for its environmental application on HCQ control was developed. A raw cork–graphite electrochemical sensor was prepared and a simple differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was used for the quantitative determination of HCQ. Results indicated that the electrochemical device exhibited a clear current response, allowing one to quantify the analyte in the 5–65 µM range. The effectiveness of the electrochemical sensor was tested in different water matrices (in synthetic and real) and lower HCQ concentrations were detected. When comparing electrochemical determinations and spectrophotometric measurements, no significant differences were observed (mean accuracy 3.0%), highlighting the potential use of this sensor in different environmental applications.
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