1
|
Forero-López AD, Colombo CV, Loperena AP, Morales-Pontet NG, Ronda AC, Lehr IL, De-la-Torre GE, Ben-Haddad M, Aragaw TA, Suaria G, Rimondino GN, Malanca FE, Botté SE. Paint particle pollution in aquatic environments: Current advances and analytical challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135744. [PMID: 39270584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Paints, coatings and varnishes play a crucial role in various industries and daily applications, providing essential material protection and enhancing aesthetic characteristics. However, they sometimes present environmental challenges such as corrosion, wear, and biofouling which lead to economic losses and ecological harm. Paint particles (PPs), including antifouling/anticorrosive paint particles (APPs), originate from marine, industrial, and architectural activities, primarily due to paint leakage, wear, and removal, thus significantly contributing to marine pollution. These particles are often misclassified as microplastics (MPs) because of their polymeric content, so the abundance of these materials is often underestimated. Standardized assessment methodologies are imperative to accurately differentiate and quantify them. Since PPs/APPs incorporate hazardous substances like metals, biocides, and additives that leach into the environment, further investigation into their potential impacts on organisms is of utmost importance to understand their complex composition and toxicity. While essential characterization techniques are needed, a holistic approach, focusing on sustainable paint formulations, is crucial for effective pollution mitigation. This review delves into the intricate structure of paint systems, elucidating the mechanisms governing the aging and formation of PPs/APPs, their prevalence and subsequent environmental and ecotoxicological repercussions. Additionally, it addresses challenges in sampling, processing, and characterizing PPs/APPs, advocating standardized approaches to mitigate their environmental threats, and proposing new perspectives for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Forero-López
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires B8000FWB, Argentina.
| | - C V Colombo
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires B8000FWB, Argentina
| | - A P Loperena
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - N G Morales-Pontet
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires B8000FWB, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - A C Ronda
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires B8000FWB, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - I L Lehr
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - G E De-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación de Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Sociedad, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - M Ben-Haddad
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - T A Aragaw
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - G Suaria
- Institute of Marine Sciences - National Research Council (CNR-ISMAR), Lerici, La Spezia 19032, Italy
| | - G N Rimondino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - F E Malanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - S E Botté
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires B8000FWB, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caramitu AR, Ciobanu RC, Lungu MV, Lungulescu EM, Scheiner CM, Aradoaei M, Bors AM, Rus T. Polymeric Protective Films as Anticorrosive Coatings-Environmental Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2192. [PMID: 39125219 PMCID: PMC11314705 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The behavior of two polymeric protective paint coatings (epoxy and polyurethane) applied over an epoxy primer coating on steel plates was investigated in this study, focusing on their role in providing anticorrosive protection against various climatic stress factors. Among the numerous climatic factors that can affect the lifetime of anticorrosive coatings, the following were selected for this work: dry heat, UV radiation, humidity, and extreme conditions such as salt fog, marine atmosphere, and alpine atmosphere. The objective was to determine the remaining lifetime of these protective coatings before replacement is needed to prevent damage to the equipment they protect. The behavior of these polymeric materials under the mentioned factors was analyzed based on the variation in the tangent of the dielectric loss angle (tg δ) with frequency. From the interpretation of the experimental results, it was found that the polyurethane paint coating (P2) exhibits superior resistance to climatic degradation compared to the epoxy paint coating (P1). Furthermore, a comparison of tg δ values for the P1 and P2 coatings revealed that the initial (unaged) P2 coating performs better as an insulator (dielectric) than the P1 coating. Comprehensive information is provided to the users of polymeric anticorrosive protection materials, highlighting the extent to which climatic factors can affect the performance of the equipment they protect and determining the appropriate timing for replacing the coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ruxandra Caramitu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA Bucharest, 030168 Bucharest, Romania; (A.R.C.); (M.V.L.); (E.-M.L.)
| | - Romeo Cristian Ciobanu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Magdalena Valentina Lungu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA Bucharest, 030168 Bucharest, Romania; (A.R.C.); (M.V.L.); (E.-M.L.)
| | - Eduard-Marius Lungulescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA Bucharest, 030168 Bucharest, Romania; (A.R.C.); (M.V.L.); (E.-M.L.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Scheiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mihaela Aradoaei
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Adriana Mariana Bors
- National Research and Development Institute for Optoelectronics INOE 2000—IHP Bucharest, 077125 Măgurele, Romania;
| | - Traian Rus
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, National University of Science and Technology—Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei No. 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sekar H, Tirumkudulu M, Gundabala V. Film Formation of Iodinated Latex Dispersions and Its Role in Their Antimicrobial Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9197-9204. [PMID: 38639710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Waterborne coatings with intrinsic antibacterial attributes have attracted significant attention due to their potential in mitigating microbial contamination while simultaneously addressing the environmental drawbacks of their solvent-based counterparts. Typically, antimicrobial coatings are designed to resist and eliminate microbial threats, encompassing challenges such as biofilm formation, fungal contamination, and proliferation of black mold. Iodine, when solubilized using ethylene glycol and incorporated as a complex into waterborne latex dispersions, has shown remarkable antimicrobial activity. Here, we demonstrate the effect of the film formation process of these iodinated latex dispersions on their antimicrobial properties. The effect of iodine on the surface morphology and mechanical, adhesion, and antimicrobial properties of the generated films was investigated. Complete integration and uniform distribution of iodine in the films were confirmed through UV-vis spectrophotometry and a laser Raman imaging system (LRIS). In terms of properties, iodinated films showed improved mechanical strength and adhesion compared with blank films. Further, the presence of iodine rendered the films rougher, making them susceptible to bacterial adhesion, but interestingly provided enhanced antibiofilm activity. Moreover, thicker films had a lower surface roughness and reduced biofilm growth. These observations are elucidated through the complex interplay among film thickness, surface morphology, and iodine properties. The insights into the interlink between the film formation process and antimicrobial properties of iodinated latex dispersions will facilitate their enhanced application as sustainable alternatives to solvent-based coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Sekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Mahesh Tirumkudulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Venkat Gundabala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Es-Soufi H, Berdimurodov E, Sayyed MI, Bih L. Nanoceramic-based coatings for corrosion protection: a review on synthesis, mechanisms, and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-023-31658-3. [PMID: 38183543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Corrosion is a pervasive issue with significant economic and safety implications across various industries. Nanoceramic-based coatings have emerged as a promising solution for corrosion protection due to their unique properties and mechanisms. This review aims to comprehensively examine the synthesis, mechanisms, and applications of nanoceramic-based coatings for corrosion protection. The review begins by highlighting the importance of corrosion protection and its impact on different industries. It introduces nanoceramic-based coatings as a potential solution to address this challenge. The objective is to provide a thorough understanding of the synthesis methods, mechanisms, and applications of these coatings. The fundamental principles of corrosion and different corrosion mechanisms are discussed, along with the limitations of traditional corrosion protection methods. The review emphasizes how nanoceramic-based coatings can overcome these limitations and provide superior corrosion resistance. Various synthesis methods, including sol-gel, electrodeposition, and physical vapor deposition, are described in detail, along with the factors influencing the synthesis process. Recent advancements and innovations in nanoceramic coating synthesis techniques are also highlighted. This looks at how coatings made with tiny ceramic particles protect against corrosion. It examines the importance of small-scale details like particle size, shape, and what the particles are made of. The formation of passive layers, self-healing mechanisms, and barrier properties of nanoceramic coatings are explained. The diverse applications of nanoceramic coatings for corrosion protection in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and marine are comprehensively discussed. Case studies and examples demonstrating the significant corrosion resistance and improved performance achieved with nanoceramic coatings are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Es-Soufi
- National Higher School of Chemistry (NHSC), Ibn Tofail University, BP. 133-14000, Kenitra, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaïl University, PO Box 133-14000-, Kenitra, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Sciences and Professions of the Engineer, Materials and Processes Department, ENSAM-Meknes Marjane II, Moulay Ismail University, El Mansour Meknes P.O. Box 15290, Morocco.
| | - Elyor Berdimurodov
- Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr street 1, Mirzo-Ulug'bek district, Tashkent, 100000, Uzbekistan
- Medical School, Central Asian University, Tashkent, 111221, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100034, Uzbekistan
| | - M I Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lahcen Bih
- Laboratory of Sciences and Professions of the Engineer, Materials and Processes Department, ENSAM-Meknes Marjane II, Moulay Ismail University, El Mansour Meknes P.O. Box 15290, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stojanović I, Logar M, Turkalj L, Cindrić I, Kurtela M, Franjić H. Influence of Catalytic Infrared Radiation on the Protective Properties of Industrial Epoxy Primers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6551. [PMID: 37834687 PMCID: PMC10573800 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of organic coatings is a common way of protecting metal substrates against corrosion. To dry the coating faster, catalytic infrared radiation (IR) can be applied. This paper aims to assess the differences in the physical, chemical, and corrosion properties of primer coatings dried with catalytic infrared radiation, compared to the same coatings dried under atmospheric conditions. Corrosion properties were characterized using humidity and a salt spray chamber, as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), preceded by open circuit potential (OCP) measurement. Pencil hardness, cross-cut, and pull-off adhesion tests were used to compare the properties of examined primers before and after testing in the corrosion acceleration chambers. The microstructure and distribution of chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) together with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Phase transitions in the coating were determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Infrared-dried primers achieved a higher curing degree. Therefore, their mechanical and corrosion properties are superior when compared to the same coatings dried under atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Stojanović
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Mirta Logar
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Lovro Turkalj
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Ivan Cindrić
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Marin Kurtela
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (L.T.); (I.C.); (M.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chaudhuri K, Medhi R, Zhang Z, Cai Z, Ober CK, Pham JT. Visualizing Penetration of Fluorescent Dye through Polymer Coatings. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300304. [PMID: 37585219 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how small molecules penetrate and contaminate polymer films is of vital importance for developing protective coatings for a wide range of applications. To this end, rhodamine B fluorescent dye is visualized diffusing through polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (BCP) coatings using confocal microscopy. The intensity of dye inside the coatings grows and decays non-monotonically, which is likely due to a combination of dye molecule transport occurring concurrently in different directions. An empirical fitting equation allows for comparing the contamination rates between copolymers, demonstrating that dye penetration is related to the chemical makeup and configuration of the BCPs. This work shows that confocal microscopy can be a useful tool to visualize the transport of a fluorophore in space and time through a coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaroop Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Riddhiman Medhi
- Chemistry Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - Zhenglin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhuoyun Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jonathan T Pham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kawsihan A, Dissanayake DMSN, Rathuwadu NPW, Perera HCS, Dayananda KEDYT, Koswattage KR, Mahadeva R, Ganguly A, Das G, Mantilaka MMMGPG. Synthesis of an eco-inspired anticorrosive composite for mild steel applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28852-28860. [PMID: 37790100 PMCID: PMC10543880 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02857g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesised a polyaniline/mica (Mica-PANI) nanocomposite using naturally occurring muscovite mica by a top-down approach. The developed coating materials were characterised using a different technique to investigate their chemical and structural properties using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the coating materials were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). SEM images elucidate the composite's average particle diameter of the prepared nano-mica, approximately 80 nm. The existence of relevant functional groups and bonding in the prepared Mica-PANI composite material was confirmed by means of XPS and FTIR techniques. Moreover, the synthesised composite with 5% w/w shows high anticorrosion protection, i.e. 84 μm per year, compared to competing materials, including commercial paint and individual raw materials (0.35 mm per year). The anti-corrosive effect occurs mainly due to two opposing effects: the formation of an Fe(OH)3 passive layer on the steel surface by oxidation of surface iron atoms by the PANI and the barrier effect of mica NPs through inhibition of corrosive agents. Therefore, the eco-inspired composite could be an ideal cost-effective coating material to prevent the corrosion of mild steel surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoja Kawsihan
- Academy of Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology and Science Park Mahenwatte, Pitipana Homagama Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology and Science Park Mahenwatte, Pitipana Homagama Sri Lanka
| | - D M S N Dissanayake
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology and Science Park Mahenwatte, Pitipana Homagama Sri Lanka
| | - N P W Rathuwadu
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University Ratmalana Sri Lanka
| | - H C S Perera
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University United Arab Emirates
| | - K E D Y T Dayananda
- Institute of Materials Engineering and Technopreneurships (IMETECHNO) Kandy Sri Lanka
| | - K R Koswattage
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka 70140 Belihuloya Sri Lanka
- Centre for Nanodevices Fabrication and Characterization (C. N. F. C.), Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka 70140 Belihuloya Sri Lanka
| | - Rajesh Mahadeva
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University United Arab Emirates
| | - Arnab Ganguly
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University United Arab Emirates
| | - G Das
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University United Arab Emirates
| | - M M M G P G Mantilaka
- Institute of Materials Engineering and Technopreneurships (IMETECHNO) Kandy Sri Lanka
- Centre for Nanodevices Fabrication and Characterization (C. N. F. C.), Faculty of Technology, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka 70140 Belihuloya Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hao S, Qi Y, Zhang Z. Influence of Light Conditions on the Antibacterial Performance and Mechanism of Waterborne Fluorescent Coatings Based on Waterproof Long Afterglow Phosphors/PDMS Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3873. [PMID: 37835922 PMCID: PMC10574996 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microbial adhesion is the fundamental cause of large-scale biological fouling. Low surface energy coatings can prevent marine installations from biofouling; nevertheless, their static antifouling abilities are limited in the absence of shear forces produced by seawater. Novel waterborne antifouling coatings inspired by fluorescent coral were reported in this paper. Waterproof long afterglow phosphors (WLAP) were introduced into waterborne silicone elastomers by the physical blending method. The composite coatings store energy during the day, and the various colors of light emitted at night affect the regular physiological activities of marine bacteria. Due to the synergistic effect of fouling-release and fluorescence antifouling, the WLAP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite coating showed excellent antifouling abilities. The antibacterial performance of coatings was tested under simulated day-night alternation, continuous light, and constant dark conditions, respectively. The results illustrated that the antibacterial performance of composite coatings under simulated day-night alternation conditions was significantly better than that under continuous light or darkness. The weak lights emitted by the coating can effectively inhibit the adhesion of bacteria. C-SB/PDMS showed the best antibacterial effect, with a bacterial adhesion rate (BAR) of only 3.7%. Constant strong light also affects the normal physiological behavior of bacteria, and the weak light of coatings was covered. The antibacterial ability of coatings primarily relied on their surface properties under continuous dark conditions. The fluorescent effect played a vital role in the synergetic antifouling mechanism. This study enhanced the static antifouling abilities of coatings and provided a new direction for environmentally friendly and long-acting marine antifouling coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ship-Machinery Maintenance & Manufacture, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ship-Machinery Maintenance & Manufacture, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Zhanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ship-Machinery Maintenance & Manufacture, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (S.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan B, Yang J, Cao L, Wang X, Li J, Yang Y, Wang Q, Zhang P, Vogel F, Li W, Lin Z. Revealing the Impact of Micro-SiO 2 Filer Content on the Anti-Corrosion Performance of Water-Borne Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3273. [PMID: 37571168 PMCID: PMC10422263 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to green development in recent years, water-borne epoxy resins (WBE) have become increasingly popular since they generate the lowest level of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during curing. However, because of the large surface tension of water, it is easy to produce voids and cracks during the curing process of the coating. An electrochemical strategy was used in this study to assess the impact of different SiO2 content on the corrosion performance of a WBE coating, in which micron spherical SiO2 particles were synthesized in a liquid phase reduction. The results showed that the synthesized micron spherical SiO2 particles were about 800 ± 50 nm in diameter and in an amorphous state. By hydrophilizing the surfaces of these SiO2 particles, uniform dispersion in an aqueous solvent and a WBE can be achieved. It is important to note that adding a small or excessive amount of SiO2 to a coating will not improve corrosion resistance and may even reduce corrosion resistance. With the appropriate modification of SiO2, corrosion resistance of composite coatings is greatly enhanced, as is the adhesion between the coatings and the metallic substrates. Because the appropriately modified SiO2 can effectively fill the pores that are formed during the curing process, a corrosive medium is less likely to react with the matrix when the medium comes into contact with the matrix. Based on their incorporation content of 3 wt.%, their corrosion resistance is the best after 16 cycles of AC-DC-AC accelerated corrosion tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (B.F.); (J.Y.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | | | | | - Zhidan Lin
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (B.F.); (J.Y.); (L.C.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sheydaei M, Edraki M, Radeghi Mehrjou SM. Anticorrosion and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Sol-Gel Hybrid Coatings Containing Clitoria ternatea Modified Clay. Gels 2023; 9:490. [PMID: 37367160 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Clitoria ternatea (CT) was incorporated into the structure of sodium montmorillonite (Na+-MMT), then these new nanoparticles (CT-MMT) were added to sol-gel-based hybrid silanol coatings (SGC). The results of the CT-MMT investigation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the presence of CT in the structure. The results of polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests showed that the presence of CT-MMT in the matrix improves corrosion resistance. The EIS results showed that the coating resistance (Rf) of the sample containing 3 wt.% CT-MMT after immersion was 687 Ω·cm2, while this value was 218 Ω·cm2 for pure coating. CT and MMT compounds improve corrosion resistance by blocking anodic and cathodic regions, respectively. Additionally, the presence of CT in the structure created antimicrobial properties. CT contains phenolic compounds that have the ability to suppress by membrane perturbation, reduction of host ligands adhesion, and neutralizing bacterial toxins. Therefore, CT-MMT showed inhibitory effects and killing of Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) and Salmonella paratyphi-A serotype (gram-negative bacteria), and also improved corrosion resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Sheydaei
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz P.O. Box 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Milad Edraki
- Polymer Department, Technical Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box 19585-466, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Radeghi Mehrjou
- Department of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Technical and Vocational University of Iran [Guilan, Rasht (Chamran)], Tehran 1435661137, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jang NS, Noh CH, Kim YH, Yang HJ, Lee HG, Oh H. Evaluation of a Hydrophobic Coating Agent Based on Cellulose Nanofiber and Alkyl Ketone Dimer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4216. [PMID: 37374400 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the development and testing of hydrophobic coatings using cellulose fibers. The developed hydrophobic coating agent secured hydrophobic performance over 120°. In addition, a pencil hardness test, rapid chloride ion penetration test, and carbonation test were conducted, and it was confirmed that concrete durability could be improved. We believe that this study will promote the research and development of hydrophobic coatings in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nag-Seop Jang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Noh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Bricon Lab Inc., Advanced Construction Materials Testing Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Yang
- Bricon Lab Inc., Advanced Construction Materials Testing Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gi Lee
- Bricon Lab Inc., Advanced Construction Materials Testing Center, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - HongSeob Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao X, Yang K, Yuan Y, Zhang D, Lu L. Investigating Different Local Polyurethane Coatings Degradation Effects and Corrosion Behaivors by Talaromyces funiculosus via Wire Beam Electrodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1402. [PMID: 36837032 PMCID: PMC9964212 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The degradation effect of mold on the coating in a hot and humid environment is one of the important factors that cause layer failure. Combined with the wire beam electrode (WBE) and the traditional surface analysis technique, the local biodegradation of the coatings and the corrosion behaviors of metal substrates can be characterized accurately by a WBE. Herein, a WBE was used to study the degradation impact of Talaromyces funiculosus (T. funiculosus) isolated from a tropical rainforest environment on the corrosion of polyurethane (PU) coating. After immersion for 14 days, the local current density distribution of the WBE surface can reach ~10-3 A/cm2 in the fungal liquid mediums but maintains ~10-7 A/cm2 in sterile liquid mediums. The |Z|0.01Hz value of the high current densities area (#85 electrode) was 1.06 × 109 Ω cm2 in a fungal liquid medium after 14 days of immersion. After being attacked by T. funiculosus, the degradation of the PU was more severe, and there were wrinkles, cracks, blisters, and even micro-holes distributed randomly on the surface of electrodes. This resulted from the self-corrosion caused by the T. funiculosus degradation of the coating; the corrosion caused by the electric coupling effect of the coating was introduced. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectra results showed that the corrosion products were flakey and globular, which consisted of γ-FeOOH, γ-Fe2O3, and α-FeOOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Hao
- National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- BRI Southeast Asia Network for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovationation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiding Yuan
- National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- BRI Southeast Asia Network for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovationation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stojanović I, Cindrić I, Turkalj L, Kurtela M, Rakela-Ristevski D. Durability and Corrosion Properties of Waterborne Coating Systems on Mild Steel Dried under Atmospheric Conditions and by Infrared Radiation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8001. [PMID: 36431486 PMCID: PMC9696771 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention is given to waterborne coatings for corrosion protection due to the lower ecological impact on the environment. It has been found that by using waterborne coatings, the emission of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is reduced by more than 50 g/L. However, they require longer drying time, their anti-corrosion performance is not as good as solvent-borne coatings and they still have not been developed for all corrosion environments. Another way to reduce VOCs is by using infrared (IR) drying technology. With catalytic infrared radiation, it is possible to cure all surfaces at notably reduced costs compared to traditional systems and in total respect for the environment, thanks to significant energy savings and minimal CO2 emissions. The aim of this paper was to evaluate corrosion protective properties of waterborne coatings which were dried with traditional and accelerated drying techniques, i.e., under atmospheric conditions and by using IR technology. Two different coating systems were applied, with and without Zn in the primer. To achieve this goal, the test samples were subjected to electrochemical, corrosion, and physical tests. It was shown that infrared technology does not affect the quality of the coating and it drastically reduces the intercoating interval. A coating system with zinc in the primer showed better overall protection properties after being subjected to impedance and salt spray testing, but generally, solvent-borne coatings still have higher durability than waterborne in extreme marine conditions according to recent research. Microstructure and porosity remained intact and the atomic force microscope confirmed that the flash-off was conducted correctly since there were no pinholes and blisters detected on the coating's surface. This study can serve as a foundation for further investigations of IC-dried waterborne coatings because there are not many at the moment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Stojanović
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Cindrić
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovro Turkalj
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kurtela
- Chair of Materials Protection, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yin X, Li L, Pang H, Luo Y, Zhang B. Halogen-free instinct flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes: composition, performance, and application. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14509-14520. [PMID: 35702241 PMCID: PMC9102897 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal halogen-free instinct flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes have high flame-retardant efficiency, environmental friendliness, fine compatibility, and good thermostability. Phosphorus flame-retardants are currently widely used in halogen-free instinct flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes (HIFWPU), especially those with phosphorous-nitrogen co-structures. Phosphorous-nitrogen HIFWPU have become a hotspot because their co-structures provide higher flame-retardance as compared to waterborne polyurethanes. This review introduces three main types of HIFWPU based on composition, performance and application. HIFWPU not only have improved flame-retardance but also satisfy the various requirements for functionality. HIFWPU have been widely developed in textile, furniture, automobile, and aerospace applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Liqi Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Haosheng Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pigareva VA, Senchikhin IN, Bolshakova AV, Sybachin AV. Modification of Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride with Sodium Polystyrenesulfonate Dramatically Changes the Resistance of Polymer-Based Coatings towards Wash-Off from Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061247. [PMID: 35335577 PMCID: PMC8955630 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer coatings based on polycations represent a perspective class of protective antimicrobial coatings. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and its water-soluble complexes with sodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) were studied by means of dynamic light-scattering, laser microelectrophoresis and turbidimetry. It was shown that addition of six mol.% of polyanion to polycation results in formation of interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) that was stable towards phase separation in water-salt media with a concentration of salts (NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4) up to 0.5 M. Most of the polyelectrolyte coatings are made by layer-by-layer deposition. The utilization of water-soluble IPEC for the direct deposition on the surface was studied. The coatings from the PDADMAC and the PSS/PDADMAC complex were formed on the surfaces of hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic polyvinylchloride. It was found that formation IPEC allows one to increase the stability of the coating towards wash-off with water in comparison to individual PDADMAC coating on both types of substrates. The visualization of the coatings was performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislava A. Pigareva
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.P.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Ivan N. Senchikhin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Bolshakova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.P.); (A.V.B.)
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Sybachin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.P.); (A.V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4959393114
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Performance Assessment of Differently Dried Coating Systems for Potential Application in the Power Transformer Industry. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many companies in the power transformer industry are striving to speed up the drying process of coatings, which is why alternative drying methods are constantly being explored while maintaining the same coating protection properties. The infrared (IR) drying of protective coatings is a potential solution for their higher productivity, but has not yet been extensively investigated. In this paper, two solvent-borne coating systems, with and without zinc in the primer, from two different manufacturers, dried by infrared radiation and under atmospheric conditions, were studied. The coating systems consisted of epoxy primer, epoxy intermediate coat, and polyurethane topcoat. Anti-corrosion performance of the coatings was characterized using a salt spray chamber, pull-off adhesion testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigation, and open circuit potential (OCP) measurement. All samples were analyzed using stereo microscope. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for detailed study and chemical composition determination was used. The results showed that infrared technology notably reduced coating drying times while maintaining or improving anticorrosion performance properties compared to the coatings dried under atmospheric conditions.
Collapse
|
17
|
Verification of the Influence of Particle Shape on the Chemical Resistance of Epoxy Coating and Use of Waste Glass as the Filler. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of suitable secondary raw materials as fillers in progressive, protective agents primarily intended for horizontal concrete construction is very effective not only from the ecological but also from the economic point of view. The impact of using various types of waste glass as fillers on the mechanical parameters of epoxy coatings was experimentally verified. Assessing the dependency of the coating’s chemical resistance on the shape of the used filler’s particles was the main aim of the performed research. A solvent-free epoxy suitable for a chemically aggressive environment was selected for the experiment. These were epoxy coatings filled with a micro filler based on raw materials such as glass flakes and silica flour. Three tested formulations containing fillers with different particle shapes and characteristics were exposed to H2SO4, HCl, CH2O2 and NaOH at concentrations of 5% and 30% and evaluated after 60, 90 and 120 days. The chemical resistance assessment was carried out not only visually but also using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thanks to the use of the waste glass as a coating filler, tensile properties and hardness improved, and its use did not negatively affect the chemical resistance and adhesion of the epoxy coatings. It was found that the shape of the filler particles influences the resistance of the coating against a chemically aggressive environment. The epoxy coating containing pre-treated waste windshield glass (shards) showed even better properties than the reference coating.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie K, Tang D, Zhang G. A Non‐isocyanate Strategy towards Polyurethane Vitrimers from Alkylene Bisurea and Epoxide through Eutectic‐Assisted Melting. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhou Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Donglin Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South, China University of Technology) Guangzhou 510640 PR China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Komartin RS, Balanuca B, Necolau MI, Cojocaru A, Stan R. Composite Materials from Renewable Resources as Sustainable Corrosion Protection Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213792. [PMID: 34771350 PMCID: PMC8588247 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and kraft lignin (LnK) were used to obtain new sustainable composites as corrosion protection layers through a double-curing procedure involving UV radiation and thermal curing to ensure homogeneous distribution of the filler. The crosslinked structures were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), by comparative monitorization of the absorption band at 825 cm-1, attributed to the stretching vibration of epoxy rings. Thermal degradation behavior under N2 gas indicates that the higher LnK content, the better thermal stability of the composites (over 30 °C of Td10% for ELO + 15% LnK), while for the experiment under air-oxidant atmosphere, the lower LnK content (5%) conducted to the more thermo-stable material. Dynamic-mechanic behavior and water affinity of the new materials were also investigated. The increase of the Tg values with the increase of the LnK content (20 °C for the composite with 15% LnK) denote the reinforcement effect of the LnK, while the surface and bulk water affinity were not dramatically affected. All the obtained composites were tested as carbon steel corrosion protection coatings, resulting in significant increase of corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of 140-380%, highlighting the great potential of the bio-based ELO-LnK composites as a future perspective for industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Sanda Komartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry “C. Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (R.S.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Brindusa Balanuca
- Department of Organic Chemistry “C. Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (R.S.K.); (B.B.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Madalina Ioana Necolau
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Cojocaru
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Stan
- Department of Organic Chemistry “C. Nenitescu”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (R.S.K.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|