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Lu S, Zou W, Chen X, Sun G, Cidan Y, Almutairi MH, Dunzhu L, Nazar M, Mehmood K, Zhu Y, Basang W, Li K. Effects of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on intestinal fungal microbiota in yaks (Bos grunniens). Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106322. [PMID: 37633503 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, researchers had started to focus on the relationship between intestinal parasitic infection and variation of intestinal microflora. Cryptosporidium is a widely known opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen. Several studies have shown that Cryptosporidium infection has impact to alter the gut microflora. However, there are only few studies referring to the fungal microflora changes in response to Cryptosporidium infection in highland ruminants. Therefore, the present study was performed for exploring the alternations of intestinal fungal microbiota in yaks after exposure to Cryptosporidium infection. In present study, Amplicon sequencing of ITS regions was used to study the variations of fungal microflora in yaks. After filtering the raw data, over 45 000 and 62 000 clean data were obtained in uninfected and infected yaks, respectively. By using alpha diversity analysis, it was found that there is no significant difference in the richness and evenness when positive samples were compared with negative ones, whereas intestinal fungal communities in different taxa in yaks were changed. The results of present study depicted that 2-phyla and 21-genera in the infected animals had significantly (P < 0.05) changed. These genera were Septoria, Coniothyrium, Cleistothelebolus, Bensingtonia, Cystobasidium, Filobasidium, Coprotus, Carex, Blumeria, Coprinellus, Leucosporidium, Phialophora, Isolepis, Ascobolus, Thecaphora, Mortierella, Urocystis, Symmetrospora and Lasiobolus. In addition, we found variations in 28 enzymes suggesting that the function of microbiota was also affected. It is concluded that there are drastic changes in the fungal microflora and microbiota functions after exposure to Cryptosporidium infection in yak. Our results help to focus on the prompt way for the development of new therapies to control Cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wen Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiushuang Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, China
| | - Yangji Cidan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, China
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luosang Dunzhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, China
| | - Mudassar Nazar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus, Burewala, 61010, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, China.
| | - Wangdui Basang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Elmahallawy EK, Köster PC, Dashti A, Alghamdi SQ, Saleh A, Gareh A, Alrashdi BM, Hernández-Castro C, Bailo B, Lokman MS, Hassanen EAA, González-Barrio D, Carmena D. Molecular detection and characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections in dromedary camels ( Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1139388. [PMID: 37152690 PMCID: PMC10157078 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1139388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have investigated the occurrence of microeukaryotic gut parasites in dromedary camels in Egypt, and the majority of these investigations are based on microscopic analysis of fecal material. Methods Herein, we assessed the occurrence, molecular diversity, and zoonotic potential of protozoan (Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis) and microsporidian (Enterocytozoon bieneusi) pathogens in individual fecal samples (n = 102) of dromedary camels with (n = 26) and without (n = 76) diarrhea from Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. Other factors possibly associated with an increased risk of infection (geographical origin, sex, age, and physical condition) were also analyzed. The SSU rRNA or ITS genes were targeted by molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) techniques for pathogen detection and species identification. Results and discussion The most abundant species detected was G. duodenalis (3.9%, 4/102; 95% CI: 1.1-9.7), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (2.9%, 3/102; 95% CI: 0.6-8.4). All samples tested negative for the presence of E. bieneusi. Sequence analysis data confirmed the presence of zoonotic C. parvum (66.7%, 2/3) and cattle-adapted C. bovis (33.3%, 1/3). These Cryptosporidium isolates, as well as the four Giardia-positive isolates, were unable to be amplified at adequate genotyping markers (Cryptosporidium: gp60; Giardia: gdh, bg, and tpi). Camels younger than 2 years old were significantly more likely to harbor Cryptosporidium infections. This connection was not statistically significant, although two of the three cryptosporidiosis cases were detected in camels with diarrhea. The spread of G. duodenalis infections was unaffected by any risk variables studied. This is the first report of C. parvum and C. bovis in Egyptian camels. The finding of zoonotic C. parvum has public health implications since camels may function as sources of oocyst pollution in the environment and potentially infect livestock and humans. Although preliminary, this study provides useful baseline data on the epidemiology of diarrhea-causing microeukaryotic parasites in Egypt. Further research is required to confirm and expand our findings in other animal populations and geographical regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Pamela C. Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dashti
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samia Qasem Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq, Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Saleh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gareh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Barakat M. Alrashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carolina Hernández-Castro
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
- Parasitology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Corporation for the Study of Tropical Pathologies, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Begoña Bailo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maha S. Lokman
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A. A. Hassanen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - David González-Barrio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Li B, Hao W, Yin W, Ai S, Han J, Wang R, Duan Z. Depicting Fecal Microbiota Characteristic in Yak, Cattle, Yak-Cattle Hybrid and Tibetan Sheep in Different Eco-Regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0002122. [PMID: 35863031 PMCID: PMC9430443 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00021-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely associated with the health and production performance of livestock. Partial studies on ruminant microbiota are already in progress in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) in China, but large-scale and representative profiles for the QTPA are still lacking. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze 340 samples from yak, cattle, yak-cattle hybrids, and Tibetan sheep, which lived in a shared environment from 4 eco-regions of the QTPA during the same season, and aimed to investigate the fecal microbiota community composition, diversity, and potential function. All samples were clustered into 2 enterotypes, which were derived from the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and Acinetobacter, respectively. Environment, human activity, species, and parasitization all affected the fecal microbiota. By assessing the relationship between the fecal microbiota and the above variables, we identified a scattered pattern of fecal microbiota dissimilarity based more significantly on diet over other factors. Additionally, gastrointestinal nematode infection could reduce the capacity of the bacterial community for biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Ultimately, this study provided a fecal microbiota profile for ruminants living in 4 eco-regions of the QTPA and its potential future applications in developing animal husbandry regimes. IMPORTANCE Cattle, yak, and sheep reside as the main ruminants distributed throughout most regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) in China. However, there is a lack of large-scale research in the QTPA on their fecal microbiota, which can regulate and reflect host health as an internalized "microbial organ." Our study depicted the fecal microbiota community composition and diversity of yak, cattle, yak-cattle hybrids, and Tibetan sheep from 4 eco-regions of the QTPA. Additionally, our results demonstrated here that the ruminant samples could be clustered into 2 enterotypes and that diet outweighed other factors in shaping fecal microbiota in the QTPA. This study provided a basis for understanding the microbiota characteristic of ruminants and its possible applications for livestock production in the QTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwen Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Ai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyuan Duan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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