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Jurado-Contreras S, Navas-Martos FJ, García-Ruiz Á, Rodríguez-Liébana JA, La Rubia MD. Obtaining Cellulose Nanocrystals from Olive Tree Pruning Waste and Evaluation of Their Influence as a Reinforcement on Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4251. [PMID: 37959931 PMCID: PMC10647253 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to improve the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) previously obtained from a cellulose pulp extracted from olive tree pruning (OTP) waste. Composites were manufactured by melt processing and injection moulding to evaluate the effect of the introduction of CNC with conventional manufacturing methods. This OTP-cellulose pulp was subjected to a further purification process by bleaching, thus bringing the cellulose content up to 86.1%wt. This highly purified cellulose was hydrolysed with sulfuric acid to obtain CNCs with an average length of 267 nm and a degradation temperature of 300 °C. The CNCs obtained were used in different percentages (1, 3, and 5%wt.) as reinforcement in the manufacture of PLA-based composites. The effect of incorporating CNC into PLA matrix on the mechanical, water absorption, thermal, structural, and morphological properties was studied. Maximum tensile stress and Young's modulus improved by 87 and 58%, respectively, by incorporating 3 and 5%wt. CNC. Charpy impact strength increased by 21% with 3%wt. These results were attributed to the good dispersion of CNCs in the matrix, which was corroborated by SEM images. Crystallinity index, glass transition, and melting temperatures were maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Jurado-Contreras
- Andaltec Technological Centre, Ampliación Polígono Industrial Cañada de la Fuente, C/Vilches 34, Martos, 23600 Jaén, Spain; (S.J.-C.); (F.J.N.-M.); (J.A.R.-L.)
| | - Francisco J. Navas-Martos
- Andaltec Technological Centre, Ampliación Polígono Industrial Cañada de la Fuente, C/Vilches 34, Martos, 23600 Jaén, Spain; (S.J.-C.); (F.J.N.-M.); (J.A.R.-L.)
| | - Ángeles García-Ruiz
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - José A. Rodríguez-Liébana
- Andaltec Technological Centre, Ampliación Polígono Industrial Cañada de la Fuente, C/Vilches 34, Martos, 23600 Jaén, Spain; (S.J.-C.); (F.J.N.-M.); (J.A.R.-L.)
| | - M. Dolores La Rubia
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
- University Institute for Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Schwarze FWMR, Gholam Z, Nyström G, Heeb M. Microfibrillated cellulose as growth media for cultivation and maintenance of wood decay fungi. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 203:106615. [PMID: 36356691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Newly enforced trade restrictions on seaweed, have resulted in short supply of technical agar with potential consequences for research, public health, and clinical labs. Here we show that microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), with and without an additional carbon source, can be used as an inexpensive growth media for cultivating and maintaining wood decay fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zennat Gholam
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Heeb
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Selim S, Albqmi M, Al-Sanea MM, Alnusaire TS, Almuhayawi MS, AbdElgawad H, Al Jaouni SK, Elkelish A, Hussein S, Warrad M, El-Saadony MT. Valorizing the usage of olive leaves, bioactive compounds, biological activities, and food applications: A comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008349. [PMID: 36424930 PMCID: PMC9678927 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil production is a significant source of economic profit for Mediterranean nations, accounting for around 98 percent of global output. Olive oil usage has increased dramatically in recent years, owing to its organoleptic characteristics and rising knowledge of its health advantages. The culture of olive trees and the manufacture of industrial and table olive oil produces enormous volumes of solid waste and dark liquid effluents, involving olive leaves, pomace, and olive oil mill wastewaters. These by-products cause an economic issue for manufacturers and pose major environmental concerns. As a result, partial reuse, like other agronomical production wastes, is a goal to be achieved. Because these by-products are high in bioactive chemicals, which, if isolated, might denote components with significant added value for the food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical sectors, indeed, they include significant amounts of beneficial organic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and phenolic materials, which are distributed differently between the various wastes depending on the olive oil production method and table olive agronomical techniques. However, the extraction and recovery of bioactive materials from chosen by-products is a significant problem of their reasonable value, and rigorous detection and quantification are required. The primary aims of this review in this context are to outline the vital bioactive chemicals in olive by-products, evaluate the main developments in extraction, purification, and identification, and study their uses in food packaging systems and safety problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Olive Research Center, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Samy Selim,
| | - Mha Albqmi
- Olive Research Center, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Al Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony,
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García-Fuentevilla L, Rubio-Valle JF, Martín-Sampedro R, Valencia C, Eugenio ME, Ibarra D. Different Kraft lignin sources for electrospun nanostructures production: Influence of chemical structure and composition. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:554-567. [PMID: 35752340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This work focuses on the structural features and physicochemical properties of different Kraft lignins and how they can influence the electrospinning process to obtain nanostructures. Structural features of Kraft lignins were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Size Exclusion Chromatography, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, whereas chemical composition was analyzed by standard method. The addition of cellulose acetate (CA) improves the electrospinning process of Kraft lignins (KL). Thus, solutions of KL/CA at 30 wt% with a KL:CA weight ratio of 70:30 were prepared and then physicochemical and rheologically characterized. The morphology of electrospun nanostructures depends on the intrinsic properties of the solutions and the chemical structure and composition of Kraft lignins. Then, surface tension, electrical conductivity and viscosity of eucalypt/CA and poplar/CA solutions were suitable to obtain electrospun nanostructures based on uniform cross-linked nanofibers with a few beaded fibers. It could be related with the higher purity and higher linear structure, phenolic content and S/G ratios of lignin samples. However, the higher values of electrical conductivity and viscosity of OTP/CA solutions resulted in electrospun nanostructure with micro-sized particles connected by thin fibers, due to a lower purity, S/G ratio and phenolic content and higher branched structure in OTP lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Rubio-Valle
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Centre, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSI, Campus de "El Carmen", Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Concepción Valencia
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Centre, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSI, Campus de "El Carmen", Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - María E Eugenio
- Forest Research Center, INIA-CSIC, Ctra. de la Coruña, km 7.5., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Ibarra
- Forest Research Center, INIA-CSIC, Ctra. de la Coruña, km 7.5., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Khwaldia K, Attour N, Matthes J, Beck L, Schmid M. Olive byproducts and their bioactive compounds as a valuable source for food packaging applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1218-1253. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico‐chimique (INRAP) BiotechPole Sidi Thabet Ariana Tunisia
| | - Nouha Attour
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico‐chimique (INRAP) BiotechPole Sidi Thabet Ariana Tunisia
| | - Julia Matthes
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albstadt‐Sigmaringen University Sigmaringen Germany
| | - Luisa Beck
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albstadt‐Sigmaringen University Sigmaringen Germany
| | - Markus Schmid
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albstadt‐Sigmaringen University Sigmaringen Germany
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Ibarra D, Martín-Sampedro R, Wicklein B, Borrero-López AM, Valencia C, Valdehíta A, Navas JM, Eugenio ME. Populus alba L., an Autochthonous Species of Spain: A Source for Cellulose Nanofibers by Chemical Pretreatment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010068. [PMID: 35012091 PMCID: PMC8747510 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify new sustainable sources for producing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), fast-growing poplar (Populus alba L.) wood was evaluated herein. For that purpose, bleached poplar kraft pulp was produced and submitted to TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) mediated oxidation (TEMPO-ox) chemical pretreatment followed by microfluidization. The resulting CNFs were thoroughly characterized, including a rheological study at different pH values. Poplar CNFs showed properties comparable to eucalypt CNFs (reference material for CNFs production), showing high carboxylate content (1048 ± 128 µmol g−1), fibrillation yield (87.3% ± 8.1%), optical transmittance (83% at 700 nm) and thermal stability (up to more than 200 °C). Regarding the rheological study, whereas pH from 4 to 10 did not produce significant changes in rheological behavior, a reduction of pH down to 1 led to an order-of-magnitude increase on the viscoelastic functions. Therefore, poplar CNF shows potential in the pH-sensitive hydrogels application field. Finally, the possible ecotoxicity of poplar CNF was assessed. The decrease in cell viability was very low so that only concentrations causing a 10% cytotoxicity could be calculated for the assay detecting alterations in cell metabolism (10 µg mL−1) and plasma membrane integrity (60 µg mL−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ibarra
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.I.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.I.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - Bernd Wicklein
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio M. Borrero-López
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Centre, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSI, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (C.V.)
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Centre, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSI, Campus de “El Carmen”, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (A.M.B.-L.); (C.V.)
| | - Ana Valdehíta
- Environment and Agronomy Department (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.V.); (J.M.N.)
| | - José M. Navas
- Environment and Agronomy Department (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.V.); (J.M.N.)
| | - María E. Eugenio
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.I.); (R.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913473948
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