1
|
Aiello F, Caputo P, Oliviero Rossi C, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG. Formulation of Antioxidant Gummies Based on Gelatin Enriched with Citrus Fruit Peels Extract. Foods 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38275689 PMCID: PMC10815181 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the peels of red and blonde oranges as well as lemons were efficiently (5.75-9.65% yield) extracted by hydroalcoholic solution with ultrasound assistance and employed as active molecule sources in the preparation of functional gummies. Antioxidant performances of the hydroalcoholic extracts were characterized by colorimetric assays, whereas LC-HRMS analyses identified the main bioactive compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids). The highest scavenging activity was recorded for lemon extract in an aqueous environment (IC50 = 0.081 mg mL-1). An ecofriendly grafting procedure was performed to anchor polyphenols to gelatin chains, providing macromolecular systems characterized by thermal analysis and antioxidant properties. Scavenger abilities (IC50 = 0.201-0.454 mg mL-1) allowed the employment of the conjugates as functional ingredients in the preparation of gummies with remarkable antioxidant and rheological properties over time (14 days). These findings confirmed the possible employment of highly polluting wastes as valuable sources of bioactive compounds for functional gummies preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.A.); (D.R.)
| | - Paolino Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies & UdR INSTM, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.C.); (C.O.R.)
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies & UdR INSTM, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.C.); (C.O.R.)
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.A.); (D.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loise V, Calandra P, Policicchio A, Madeo L, Oliviero Rossi C, Porto M, Abe A, Agostino RG, Caputo P. The efficiency of bio-char as bitumen modifier. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23192. [PMID: 38205314 PMCID: PMC10777419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving the mechanical properties of bitumen is an important goal for road pavements design. For this reason, new compounds are now being sought for testing as bitumen modifiers. In this work, the authors studied the effect that two different chars have on two 50/70 bitumens with different chemical and physical characteristics. A complete morphological, surface and bulk characterization of the two additives was carried out. In addition, rheology, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the effect that the two additives exert on the properties of the bitumens. According to the results, the char sample with high porosity could be used as a modifier of mechanical properties, while no rejuvenation effects were observed for either of the two additives tested. In addition, the two additives do not give rise to segregation phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Loise
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Pietro Calandra
- National Research Council, CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Stazione, RM, Italy
| | - Alfonso Policicchio
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- CNISM - National Interuniversity Consortium for the Physical Sciences of Matter, Via della Vasca Navale, 84, 00146, Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, c/o Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Luigi Madeo
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Michele Porto
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Abraham Abe
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Raffaele G. Agostino
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- CNISM - National Interuniversity Consortium for the Physical Sciences of Matter, Via della Vasca Navale, 84, 00146, Rome, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, c/o Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Paolino Caputo
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colella MF, Marino N, Oliviero Rossi C, Seta L, Caputo P, De Luca G. Triacylglycerol Composition and Chemical-Physical Properties of Cocoa Butter and Its Derivatives: NMR, DSC, X-ray, Rheological Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032090. [PMID: 36768417 PMCID: PMC9916945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the food industry has become increasingly involved in researching vegetable fats and oils with appropriate mechanical properties (ease of transport, processing, and storage) and a specific lipidic composition to ensure healthy products for consumers. The chemical-physical behavior of these matrices depends on their composition in terms of single fatty acids (FA). However, as we demonstrate in this work, these properties, as well as the absorption, digestion and uptake in humans of specific FAs, are also largely determined by their regiosomerism within the TriAcylGlycerols (TAG) moieties (sn-1,2,3 positions). The goal of this work is to study for the first time vegetable fats obtained directly from a sample of natural cocoa butter (CB) through a process that manipulates the distribution of FAs but not their nature. Even if the initial percentage of each FA in the mixture remains the same, CB derivatives seem to show improved chemical-physical features. In order to understand which factors account for their physical and chemical characteristics, and to check whether or not the obtained new matrices could be considered as valid alternatives to other vegetable fats (e.g., palm oil (PO)), we carried out an experimental investigation at both the macroscopic and molecular level including: (i) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses to examine thermal features; (ii) rheological testing to explore mechanical properties; (iii) powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to evaluate the solid-state phases of the obtained fats; and (iv) 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR, 1D and 2D) spectroscopy to rapidly analyze fatty acid composition including regioisomeric distribution on the glycerol backbone. These last results open up the possibility of using NMR spectroscopy as an alternative to the chromatographic techniques routinely employed for the investigation of similar matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Colella
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Nadia Marino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Lucia Seta
- Reolì S.r.l., Zona Industriale, Settore 3, 87064 Corigliano-Rossano, Italy
| | - Paolino Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppina De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies (CTC), University of Calabria—UNICAL, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (G.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|