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Chiang YR, Lin HT, Chang CW, Lin SM, Lin JHY. Dynamic expression of cathepsin L in the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) gut during Escherichia coli challenge. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298338. [PMID: 38451906 PMCID: PMC10919656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for waste bioconversion due to the ability of the larvae to thrive in a microbial-rich environment. Being an ecological decomposer, the survival of BSF larvae (BSFL) relies on developing an efficient defense system. Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a cysteine protease that plays roles in physiological and pathological processes. In this study, the full-length of CTSL was obtained from BSF. The 1,020-bp open reading frame encoded a preprotein of 339 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 32 kDa. The pro-domain contained the conserved ERFNIN, GNYD, and GCNGG motifs, which are all characteristic of CTSL. Homology revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of BSF CTSL shared 74.22-72.99% identity with Diptera flies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed the CTSL was predominantly localized in the gut, especially in the midgut. The mRNA expression of CTSL in different larval stages was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), which revealed that CTSL was expressed in the second to sixth instar, with the highest expression in the fifth instar. Following an immune challenge in vivo using Escherichia coli (E. coli), CTSL mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 6 h post-stimulation. The Z-Phe-Arg-AMC was gradually cleaved by the BSFL extract after 3 h post-stimulation. These results shed light on the potential role of CTSL in the defense mechanism that helps BSFL to survive against pathogens in a microbial-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ru Chiang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tso Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - John Han-You Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Nakagawa A, Sakamoto T, Kanost MR, Tabunoki H. The Development of New Methods to Stimulate the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15765. [PMID: 37958748 PMCID: PMC10647447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) The global population is projected to reach a staggering 9.8 billion people by the year 2050, leading to major concerns about food security. The necessity to increase livestock production is inevitable. The black soldier fly (BSF) is known for its ability to consume a wide range of organic waste, and BSF larvae have already been used as a partial substitute for fishmeal. In contrast, the use of antibiotics in livestock feed for growth promotion and prophylaxis poses a severe threat to global health owing to antimicrobial resistance. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown the potential to rapidly disrupt target bacterial membranes, making bacterial resistance to AMPs a less likely concern. (2) In this study, we explored various methods for stimulating AMP synthesis in BSF larvae and found that thermal injury effectively induced the production of various AMP types. Additionally, we investigated the activation of innate immune response pathways that lead to AMP production following thermal injury. (3) Interestingly, thermal injury treatment, although not involving bacteria, exhibited a similar response to that observed following Gram-positive bacterial infection in eliciting the expression of AMP genes. (4) Our findings offer support for the industrial use of BSF to enhance livestock production and promote environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Future Tech Laboratory, Corporate Research & Development, UBE Corporation, 8-1 Goi-Minamikaigan, Chiba 290-0045, Japan;
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takuma Sakamoto
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Michael R. Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-3702, USA;
| | - Hiroko Tabunoki
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
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3
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Patyra E, Kwiatek K. Insect Meals and Insect Antimicrobial Peptides as an Alternative for Antibiotics and Growth Promoters in Livestock Production. Pathogens 2023; 12:854. [PMID: 37375544 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in animal production has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the search for alternative antimicrobial agents in animal production. One such compound may be antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are characterized by, among others, a wide range of biocidal activity. According to scientific data, insects produce the largest number of antimicrobial peptides, and the changing EU legislation has allowed processed animal protein derived from insects to be used in feed for farm animals, which, in addition to a protein supplement, may prove to be an alternative to antibiotics and antibiotic growth promoters due to their documented beneficial impact on livestock health. In animals that were fed feeds with the addition of insect meals, changes in their intestinal microbiota, strengthened immunity, and increased antibacterial activity were confirmed to be positive effects obtained thanks to the insect diet. This paper reviews the literature on sources of antibacterial peptides and the mechanism of action of these compounds, with particular emphasis on insect antibacterial peptides and their potential impact on animal health, and legal regulations related to the use of insect meals in animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Patyra
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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4
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Dho M, Candian V, Tedeschi R. Insect Antimicrobial Peptides: Advancements, Enhancements and New Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:952. [PMID: 37370271 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several insects are known as vectors of a wide range of animal and human pathogens causing various diseases. However, they are also a source of different substances, such as the Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), which can be employed in the development of natural bioactive compounds for medical, veterinary and agricultural applications. It is well known that AMP activity, in contrast to most classical antibiotics, does not lead to the development of natural bacterial resistance, or at least the frequency of resistance is considered to be low. Therefore, there is a strong interest in assessing the efficacy of the various peptides known to date, identifying new compounds and evaluating possible solutions in order to increase their production. Moreover, implementing AMP modulation in insect rearing could preserve insect health in large-scale production. This review describes the current knowledge on insect AMPs, presenting the validated ones for the different insect orders. A brief description of their mechanism of action is reported with focus on proposed applications. The possible effects of insect diet on AMP translation and synthesis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dho
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Valentina Candian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosemarie Tedeschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Scieuzo C, Giglio F, Rinaldi R, Lekka ME, Cozzolino F, Monaco V, Monti M, Salvia R, Falabella P. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Peptide Fractions Extracted from the Hemolymph of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050464. [PMID: 37233092 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a chemically and structurally heterogeneous family of molecules produced by a large variety of living organisms, whose expression is predominant in the sites most exposed to microbial invasion. One of the richest natural sources of AMPs is insects which, over the course of their very long evolutionary history, have adapted to numerous and different habitats by developing a powerful innate immune system that has allowed them to survive but also to assert themselves in the new environment. Recently, due to the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, interest in AMPs has risen. In this work, we detected AMPs in the hemolymph of Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) larvae, following infection with Escherichia coli (Gram negative) or Micrococcus flavus (Gram positive) and from uninfected larvae. Peptide component, isolated via organic solvent precipitation, was analyzed by microbiological techniques. Subsequent mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to specifically identify peptides expressed in basal condition and peptides differentially expressed after bacterial challenge. We identified 33 AMPs in all the analyzed samples, of which 13 are specifically stimulated by Gram negative and/or Gram positive bacterial challenge. AMPs mostly expressed after bacterial challenge could be responsible for a more specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabiana Giglio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marilena E Lekka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Fu Y, Yang D, Chen Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Hao Y, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Zhang J. MOF-Based Active Packaging Materials for Extending Post-Harvest Shelf-Life of Fruits and Vegetables. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093406. [PMID: 37176288 PMCID: PMC10180191 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Active packaging that can extend the shelf-life of fresh fruits and vegetables after picking can assure food quality and avoid food waste. Such packaging can prevent the growth of microbial and bacterial pathogens or delay the production of ethylene, which accelerates the ripening of fruits and vegetables after harvesting. Proposed technologies include packaging that enables the degradation of ethylene, modified atmosphere packaging, and bioactive packaging. Packaging that can efficiently adsorb/desorb ethylene, and thus control its concentration, is particularly promising. However, there are still large challenges around toxicity, low selectivity, and consumer acceptability. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are porous, have a specific surface area, and have excellent gas adsorption/desorption performance. They can encapsulate and release ethylene and are thus good candidates for use in ethylene-adjusting packaging. This review focuses on MOF-based active-packaging materials and their applications in post-harvest fruit and vegetable packaging. The fabrication and characterization of MOF-based materials and the ethylene adsorption/desorption mechanism of MOF-based packaging and its role in fruit and vegetable preservation are described. The design of MOF-based packaging and its applications are reviewed. Finally, the potential future uses of MOF-based active materials in fresh food packaging are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jiazi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xinlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuwei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yunjin Sun
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
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7
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Kamal I, Ashfaq UA, Hayat S, Aslam B, Sarfraz MH, Yaseen H, Rajoka MSR, Shah AA, Khurshid M. Prospects of antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to chemical preservatives for food safety. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:137-162. [PMID: 36504266 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential alternative to antimicrobial agents that have got considerable research interest owing to their significant role in the inhibition of bacterial pathogens. These AMPs can essentially inhibit the growth and multiplication of microbes through multiple mechanisms including disruption of cellular membranes, inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis, or affecting intracellular components and cell division. Moreover, AMPs are biocompatible and biodegradable therefore, they can be a good alternative to antimicrobial agents and chemical preservatives. A few of their features for example thermostability and high selectivity are quite appealing for their potential use in the food industry for food preservation to prevent the spoilage caused by microorganisms and foodborne pathogens. Despite these advantages, very few AMPs are being used at an industrial scale for food preservation as these peptides are quite vulnerable to external environmental factors which deter their practical applications and commercialization. The review aims to provide an outline of the mechanism of action of AMPs and their prospects as an alternative to chemical preservatives in the food industry. Further studies related to the structure-activity relationship of AMPs will help to expand the understanding of their mechanism of action and to determine specific conditions to increase their stability and applicability in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Kamal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hamna Yaseen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Asad Ali Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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8
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Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Mikołajczak Z, Homska N, Jankowski J, Ognik K, Józefiak A, Mazurkiewicz J, Józefiak D. Available for millions of years but discovered through the last decade: Insects as a source of nutrients and energy in animal diets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:60-79. [PMID: 36101841 PMCID: PMC9442335 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present and discuss the most recent literature about the processing of insect biomass and its impact on nutritive value, further implementation of meals and fats derived from invertebrates to livestock (poultry and swine), aquaculture (salmonids), and companion animal diets and their impact on growth performance, metabolic response, and gastrointestinal microbiota shifts. Additionally, the most important barriers to obtaining unified products in terms of their nutritive value are considered, i.e., to define insects' nutrient requirements, including various technological groups and further biomass processing (slaughtering, drying, and storage). Due to the current limitation in the insect production process consisting of the lack of infrastructure, there is stress on the relatively small amount of insect products added to the animal diets as a functional feed additive. Currently, only in the case of pet nutrition may insects be considered a full replacement for commonly used environmentally harmful and allergenic products. Simultaneously, the least information has been published on this topic. Thus, more scientific data are needed, particularly when the pet food branch and insect-based diets are rapidly growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rawski
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Mikołajczak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Homska
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Józefiak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Mazurkiewicz
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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9
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Jin N, Liu Y, Zhang S, Sun S, Wu M, Dong X, Tong H, Xu J, Zhou H, Guan S, Xu W. C/N-Dependent Element Bioconversion Efficiency and Antimicrobial Protein Expression in Food Waste Treatment by Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095036. [PMID: 35563424 PMCID: PMC9104233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has emerged as a promising species for waste bioconversion and source of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, there is a scarcity of research on the element transformation efficiency and molecular characterization of AMPs derived from waste management. Here, food waste treatment was performed using BSF larvae (BSFL) in a C/N ratio of 21:1−10:1, with a focus on the C/N-dependent element bioconversion, AMP antimicrobial activity, and transcriptome profiling. The C-larvae transformation rates were found to be similar among C/Ns (27.0−35.5%, p = 0.109), while the N-larvae rates were different (p = 0.001), with C/N 21:1−16:1 (63.5−75.0%) being higher than C/N 14:1−10:1 (35.0−45.7%). The C/N ratio did not alter the antimicrobial spectrum of AMPs, but did affect the activities, with C/N 21:1 being significantly lower than C/N 18:1−10:1. The lysozyme genes were found to be significantly more highly expressed than the cecropin, defensin, and attacin genes in the AMP gene family. Out of 51 lysozyme genes, C/N 18:1 and C/N 16:1 up-regulated (p < 0.05) 14 and 12 genes compared with C/N 21:1, respectively, corresponding to the higher activity of AMPs. Overall, the element bioconversion efficiency and AMP expression can be enhanced through C/N ratio manipulation, and the C/N-dependent transcriptome regulation is the driving force of the AMP difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shouyu Zhang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Minghuo Wu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiyan Tong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide-Overexpressed Tenebrio molitor Larvae Extract as a Natural Preservative for Korean Traditional Sauces. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040381. [PMID: 35447823 PMCID: PMC9027733 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to produce a natural food preservative using a crude extract from edible, immunized Tenebrio molitor larvae (iTME), injected with edible bacteria using an edible solvent. Results showed that iTME had concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against food-poisoning bacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as against harmful fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Pichia anomala. Moreover, iTME showed antimicrobial activity against beneficial microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, but not Lactobacillus acidophilus. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration of iTME against E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus was 1 mg/mL, and iTME did not lose its inhibitory activity when treated at varying temperature, pH, and salinity. In addition, the antibacterial activity was lost after reacting the iTME with trypsin and chymotrypsin. The addition of iTME to Ganjang inoculated with harmful bacteria inhibited bacterial growth. Therefore, we propose that iTME can be used as a safe natural preservative to prolong food shelf life by inhibiting the growth of food-poisoning bacteria in a variety of foods, including traditional sauces.
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11
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Inhibition of Zoonotic Pathogens Naturally Found in Pig Manure by Black Soldier Fly Larvae and Their Intestine Bacteria. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010066. [PMID: 35055911 PMCID: PMC8779730 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With the rapid development of the economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, people need to rear a lot of livestock to meet demand for proteins. This also involves an increase in the production of livestock manure. The expanding rate of livestock manure has become a thorny issue, owing to characteristics such as plentiful nitrogen and abundant zoonotic pathogens. The saprophagous larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF) are often associated with animal manure and can significantly reduce the populations of different zoonotic pathogens in livestock manure. However, reports about the mechanisms of this phenomenon are scarce. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of BSF larvae in reducing the zoonotic pathogens naturally found in pig manure. The results clearly showed that zoonotic pathogens in pig manure were significantly decreased after being treated with BSF larvae, and also suggested that the antimicrobial peptides produced by the BSF larvae and gut-associated bacteria are able to antagonize the zoonotic pathogens. This study will contribute to reveal the potential antagonistic mechanisms of BSF larvae against zoonotic pathogens and improve the safety of organic waste conversion by BSF larvae. Abstract Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae are often exposed to organic waste which harbors abundant zoonotic pathogens. We investigated the ability of BSF larvae to inhibit the zoonotic pathogens naturally found in pig manure. The zoonotic pathogens populations were detected by using selective medium during the conversion. Results showed that the viability of the zoonotic pathogens in pig manure was significantly affected. After eight days of conversion, the Coliform populations were undetected, and Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. decreased significantly on the eighth day. Antimicrobial assays of the purified recombinant defensin-like peptide 4 (DLP4) showed that this peptide exhibits inhibitory activity against S. aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and Escherichia coli in vitro. Bacteria BSF-CL and BSF-F were isolated from the larvae gut, and both inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, but Salmonella spp. was sensitive to the BSF-CL strain (but not to the BSF-F strain). The results from our experiments indicate that BSF larvae are capable of functionally inhibiting potential zoonotic pathogens in pig manure through a variety of mechanisms including antimicrobial peptides expression and the gut associate microorganisms. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on the combined mechanism of BSF larvae immunity and its gut microbes against the zoonotic pathogens in pig manure.
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Sultana A, Kathuria A, Gaikwad KK. Metal-organic frameworks for active food packaging. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:1479-1495. [PMID: 35035339 PMCID: PMC8748186 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Food wastage is a major concern for sustainable health and agriculture. To reduce food waste, classical preservation techniques such as drying, pasteurization, freeze-drying, fermentation, and microwave are available. Nonetheless, these techniques display shortcomings such as alteration of food and taste. Such shortcomings may be solved by active food packaging, which involves the incorporation of active agents into the packaging material. Recently, metal-organic frameworks, a class of porous hybrid supramolecular materials, have been developed as an active agent to extend food shelf life and maintain safety. Here, we review metal-organic frameworks in active packaging as oxygen scavengers, antimicrobials, moisture absorbers, and ethylene scavengers. We present methods of incorporation of metal-organic frameworks into packaging materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Sultana
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Ajay Kathuria
- Industrial of Technology and Packaging, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA
| | - Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667 India
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