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Terpiłowski K, Chodkowski M, Pakhlov E, Pasieczna-Patkowska S, Kuśmierz M, Azat S, Pérez-Huertas S. Hydrophobization of Cold Plasma Activated Glass Surfaces by Hexamethyldisilazane Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:2645. [PMID: 38893520 PMCID: PMC11173631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the modification of glass surfaces by the synergistic combination of cold plasma and chemical surface modification techniques. Glass surface hydrophobicity was obtained as a result of various plasma and deposition operational conditions. The mechanisms governing the hydrophobization process were also studied. Glass plates were activated with plasma using different gases (oxygen and argon) at different treatment times, ranging from 30 to 1800 s. Then, the plasma-treated surfaces were exposed to hexamethyldisilazane vapors at different temperatures, i.e., 25, 60, and 100 °C. Complete characterization, including contact angle measurements, surface free energy calculations, 3D profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, was accomplished. It was found that the extent of the hydrophobicity effect depends on both the plasma pre-treatment and the specific conditions of the hexamethyldisilazane deposition process. Plasma activation led to the formation of active sites on the glass surface, which promoted the adsorption and reaction of hexamethyldisilazane species, thereby inducing surface chemical modification. Longer plasma pre-treatment resulted in stronger modification on the glass surface, resulting in changes in the surface roughness. The largest water contact angle of ≈100° was obtained for the surface activated by argon plasma for 1800 s and exposed to hexamethyldisilazane vapors at 25 °C. The changes in the surface properties were caused by the introduction of the hydrophobic trimethylsilyl groups onto the glass surface as well as roughness development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Terpiłowski
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Michał Chodkowski
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Evgeniy Pakhlov
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (E.P.)
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sylwia Pasieczna-Patkowska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kuśmierz
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Seitkhan Azat
- Satbayev University, 22a Satbayev Str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan;
| | - Salvador Pérez-Huertas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Av. de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Bradford JP, Hernandez-Moreno G, Pillai RR, Hernandez-Nichols AL, Thomas V. Low-Temperature Plasmas Improving Chemical and Cellular Properties of Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) Biomaterial for Biomineralization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:171. [PMID: 38204023 PMCID: PMC10780010 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteoblastic and chemical responses to Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) material have been improved using a variety of low-temperature plasmas (LTPs). Surface chemical properties are modified, and can be used, using low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatments which change surface functional groups. These functional groups increase biomineralization, in simulated body fluid conditions, and cellular viability. PEEK scaffolds were treated, with a variety of LTPs, incubated in simulated body fluids, and then analyzed using multiple techniques. First, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed morphological changes in the biomineralization for all samples. Calcein staining, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that all low-temperature plasma-treated groups showed higher levels of biomineralization than the control group. MTT cell viability assays showed LTP-treated groups had increased cell viability in comparison to non-LTP-treated controls. PEEK treated with triethyl phosphate plasma (TEP) showed higher levels of cellular viability at 82.91% ± 5.00 (n = 6) and mineralization. These were significantly different to both the methyl methacrylate (MMA) 77.38% ± 1.27, ethylene diamine (EDA) 64.75% ± 6.43 plasma-treated PEEK groups, and the control, non-plasma-treated group 58.80 ± 2.84. FTIR showed higher levels of carbonate and phosphate formation on the TEP-treated PEEK than the other samples; however, calcein staining fluorescence of MMA and TEP-treated PEEK had the highest levels of biomineralization measured by pixel intensity quantification of 101.17 ± 4.63 and 96.35 ± 3.58, respectively, while EDA and control PEEK samples were 89.53 ± 1.74 and 90.49 ± 2.33, respectively. Comparing different LTPs, we showed that modified surface chemistry has quantitatively measurable effects that are favorable to the cellular, biomineralization, and chemical properties of PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Bradford
- Polymer and Healthcare Material/Devices, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.P.B.); (G.H.-M.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Moreno
- Polymer and Healthcare Material/Devices, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.P.B.); (G.H.-M.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Renjith R. Pillai
- Polymer and Healthcare Material/Devices, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.P.B.); (G.H.-M.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Alexandria L. Hernandez-Nichols
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Center for Free Radical Biology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Polymer and Healthcare Material/Devices, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.P.B.); (G.H.-M.); (R.R.P.)
- Department of Physics, Center for Nanoscale Materials and Bio-Integration (CNMB), The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Grządka E, Godek E, Maciołek U, Słowik G, Kwiatkowski M, Terebun P, Zarzeczny D, Pawłat J. Processes occurring in the NaCMC/glauconite suspension under the cold plasma treatment. Influence of plasma on adsorptive and stabilizing properties of the system. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121158. [PMID: 37567687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the studies on the processes at the interface of the colloidal suspensions composed of clay mineral - glauconite (GT) and polysaccharide - sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) with the cold plasma treatment (CPT). The surface composition and chemical binding in NaCMC and GT changes are determined by means of FTIR and XPS (both methods detected the incorporation of oxygen-related functional groups). Moreover, the additional information about both the textural properties and morphological changes on the surfaces before and after CPT are studied using the BET, CHN, SEM HRTEM and STEM-EDS methods. The elemental mapping and scanning electron microscope imaging confirmed the NaCMC adsorption on GT (carbon mapping) and proved the GT surface lost its "house of card structure" after the CPT. As follows the CPT causes the protonation of NaCMC and the polymer cross-linking whereas the GT sample is more oxidized. Moreover, it was found that a significant improvement in the GT/NaCMC system stability and the NaCMC adsorption on the GT surface were a result of the CPT. The obtained data could be used for the colloidal stability of polymer/solid suspensions, thus providing new opportunities for the chemical industry; particularly for preparation of new functionalized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grządka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - E Godek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - U Maciołek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - G Słowik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Skłodowskiej Curie 3 Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - M Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - P Terebun
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - D Zarzeczny
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - J Pawłat
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38a, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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