1
|
Yari A, Fasih P, Goodarzi A, Nouralishahi A, Nikeghbal D. The effect of augmented reality book on the proficiency of local anesthesia administration of the inferior alveolar nerve. J Dent Educ 2024; 88:1000-1008. [PMID: 38551219 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Advancements in augmented reality (AR) technology enable developers to create augmented reality books (AR Books). AR Books can show interactive 3D objects and multimedia content to the user. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a developed AR Book on the theoretical and practical abilities in the administration of local anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve block. METHODS An exclusive AR Book was developed based on Chapter 14, Handbook of Local Anesthesia, seventh edition, Stanley F. Malamed, which enabled students to use their book (printed or electronic) as an AR Book. Forty dental students were randomly divided into control and study groups. In the control group, students were asked to use regular books, while in the study group, students were instructed to use interactive AR Books. All students took the written exam, scoring 0 to 10. Also, the administration of mandibular local anesthesia was evaluated in students. The level of concentration during the study, the written exam score, the practical score, the success rate of local anesthesia, and the needed time for injection were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the level of concentration during the study (p < 0.001), practical skill score (p = 0.037), and needed time for injection (p = 0.040) between the two groups. Conversely, the success rate of local anesthesia was almost similar (p = 0.705). Although the written exam score was higher in the study group than in the control group, the difference was not significant (p = 0.414). CONCLUSION Using AR Books can engage students and help them to remain focused during the study. AR Books may be beneficial in enhancing the practical abilities of dental students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Paniz Fasih
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Goodarzi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atieh Nouralishahi
- Sub-Department of Operations and Analytics, Department of Management, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Dorsa Nikeghbal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kihara T, Keller A, Ogawa T, Armand M, Martin-Gomez A. Evaluating the feasibility of using augmented reality for tooth preparation. J Dent 2024; 148:105217. [PMID: 38944264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tooth preparation is complicated because it requires the preparation of an abutment while simultaneously predicting the ideal shape of the tooth. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a system using augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) that provide dynamic navigation capabilities for tooth preparation. METHODS The proposed system utilizes optical see-through HMDs to overlay digital information onto the real world and enrich the user's environment. By integrating tracking algorithms and three-dimensional modeling, the system provides real-time visualization and navigation capabilities during tooth preparation by using two different visualization techniques. The experimental setup involved a comprehensive analysis of the distance to the surface and cross-sectional angles between the ideal and prepared teeth using three scenarios: traditional (without AR), overlay (AR-assisted visualization of the ideal prepared tooth), and cross-sectional (AR-assisted visualization with cross-sectional views and angular displays). RESULTS A user study (N = 24) revealed that the cross-sectional approach was more effective for angle adjustment and reduced the occurrence of over-reduction. Additional questionnaires revealed that the AR-assisted approaches were perceived as less difficult, with the cross-sectional approach excelling in terms of performance. CONCLUSIONS Visualization and navigation using cross-sectional approaches have the potential to support safer tooth preparation with less overreduction than traditional and overlay approaches do. The angular displays provided by the cross-sectional approach are considered helpful for tooth preparation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The AR navigation system can assist dentists during tooth preparation and has the potential to enhance the accuracy and safety of prosthodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kihara
- Biomechanical- and Image-Guided Surgical Systems (BIGSS), Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Hackerman Hall, 3400N, Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 734-8501, Japan.
| | - Andreas Keller
- Biomechanical- and Image-Guided Surgical Systems (BIGSS), Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Hackerman Hall, 3400N, Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 734-8501, Japan
| | - Mehran Armand
- Biomechanical- and Image-Guided Surgical Systems (BIGSS), Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Hackerman Hall, 3400N, Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro Martin-Gomez
- Biomechanical- and Image-Guided Surgical Systems (BIGSS), Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Hackerman Hall, 3400N, Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gurbuz E, Gurbuz AA. Investigation of the effect of virtual reality distraction in patients undergoing mandibular periodontal surgery: A randomized controlled study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:813-822. [PMID: 38314536 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR) technology on anxiety and pain levels in patients undergoing gingivectomy and gingivoplasty procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients were randomized into test (surgery with VR glasses) and control (surgery without VR glasses) groups. Before the surgery, the anxiety level was measured using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), and anticipated pain (AP) was measured by a visual analog scale (VAS). Immediately after the surgery, the pain and discomfort associated with the surgery (VASP), procedure time (T), and time perception (TP) were evaluated. The patients in the test group were requested to assess the immersion (VASI), satisfaction (VASS), perception of reduced anxiety (VASA), and perceived control (VASC). One week after surgery, MDAS was applied to all patients. RESULTS This trial was conducted with 41 female and 17 male subjects with a mean age of 29.69 ± 12.32. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, preoperative MDAS, or AP. After surgery, MDAS, VASP, T, and TP failed to differ significantly between the groups. The subject age was positively correlated with VASI, VASS, VASA, and VASC (r = 0.60, p = 0.00; r = 0.44, p = 0.02; r = 0.46, p = 0.02; r = 0.50, p = 0.01, respectively) and negatively correlated with VASP (r = 0.47, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS VR application did not affect anxiety and pain levels in patients undergoing periodontal surgery. More studies are needed to evaluate VR distraction in periodontal surgeries with diverse age samples and video options. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE VR does not affect anxiety and pain levels during gingivectomy and gingivoplasty surgeries in the young adult population. It should be evaluated in older age groups. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06092177.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Gurbuz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Ali Aycan Gurbuz
- Department of Cartoon/Animation, Faculty of Fine Arts, Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thorat V, Rao P, Joshi N, Talreja P, Shetty AR. Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Patient Education and Communication in Dentistry. Cureus 2024; 16:e59799. [PMID: 38846249 PMCID: PMC11155216 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective patient education and communication are integral components of quality dental care, contributing to informed decision-making, treatment compliance, and positive clinical outcomes. However, traditional methods face challenges such as language barriers, anxiety, and information retention issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents innovative solutions to enhance patient engagement and communication in dentistry. This review explores the transformative role of AI in redefining patient education and communication strategies, focusing on applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions. A literature search identified articles from 2018 to 2024, encompassing empirical evidence and conceptual frameworks related to AI in dental patient engagement and communication. Key findings reveal AI's potential to offer personalized educational materials, virtual consultations, language translation tools, and virtual reality simulations, improving patient understanding and experience. Despite advancements, concerns about overreliance, accuracy, implementation costs, patient acceptance, privacy, and regulatory compliance persist. Future implications suggest AI's ability to track patient progress, analyze feedback, streamline administrative processes, and provide ongoing support, enhancing oral health outcomes. However, ethical, regulatory, and equity considerations require attention for responsible AI deployment and widespread adoption. Overall, AI holds promise for revolutionizing dental patient education, communication, and care delivery, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to address emerging challenges and maximize benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Thorat
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Prajakta Rao
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Nilesh Joshi
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Prakash Talreja
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Anupa R Shetty
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mai HN, Ngo HC, Cho SH, Duong CP, Mai HY, Lee DH. Effectiveness of virtual reality interactive simulation practice in prosthodontic education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024. [PMID: 38433575 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virtual reality-based interactive simulation (VRIS) provides a safe and controlled environment for dental students and professionals to develop skills and knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using the VRIS for prosthodontic practice and to explore the trends, application areas, and users' attitudes towards VRIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for searching studies published until 21 March 2023 that reported quantitative or qualitative learning outcomes related to the use of VRIS for dental prosthodontic practice and clinical training. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education (NOS-E) tools. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the intervention group (utilizing VRIS) and the control group (employing conventional prosthodontic training methods) based on performance skill scores and task completion time, with a significance level set at <.05. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed that the utilization of VRIS generally improves students' performance scores (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI, -0.35 to 2.44; I2 > 50%; p = .13) and reduces task completion time (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI, 1.39-7.72; I2 > 50%; p = .93). Notably, using VRIS significantly enhanced the performance scores in implant surgery practice (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.42; p < .05). Additionally, the VRIS method significantly reduced task completion time in the cavity restorative preparation task (SMD = -1.19; 95% CI, -1.85 to -0.53; p < .05). CONCLUSION Engaging in practice with VRIS has the potential to enhance learning proficiency in prosthodontic education. The advantages associated with VRIS encompass the provision of immediate feedback, decreased task completion time, heightened confidence and motivation, accelerated skill acquisition, improved performance scores, and increased learning engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Nga Mai
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Dental School of Hanoi University of Business and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hien Chi Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seok-Hwan Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chau Pham Duong
- Dental School of Hanoi University of Business and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Yen Mai
- School of Dentistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Du-Hyeong Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hsu MC, Lin CC, Hsu JT, Yu JH, Huang HL. Effects of an augmented reality aided system on the placement precision of orthodontic miniscrews: A pilot study. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:100-108. [PMID: 38303815 PMCID: PMC10829748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Augmented reality (AR) is gaining popularity in medical applications, which may aid clinicians in achieving improved clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the positional and angle errors of orthodontic miniscrew placement by using a self-developed AR aided system. Materials and methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and patient printed models were used in in vitro experiments. The participants were divided into a control group and an AR group, in which traditional orthodontic methods and the AR-aided system were used respectively. After the information obtained from the CBCT images and navigation system was combined on the display device, the AR-aided system indicated the planned miniscrew position to guide the clinicians during the placement of miniscrews. Both methods were compared by a senior and a junior dentist, and the position and angle of miniscrew placement were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results When the AR-aided system was used, the accuracy of miniscrew placement in the mesiodistal position considerably increased (83%) when the procedure was performed by a senior clinician. In addition, the accuracy of miniscrew placement in the mesiodistal position and the angle of miniscrew placement considerably increased by approximately 67% and 72%, respectively, when the procedure was performed by a junior clinician. The position error of miniscrew placement was smaller for the junior clinician when the AR-aided system was used than for the senior clinician. Conclusion The AR-aided system improved the accuracy of miniscrew placement regardless of the clinician's level of experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chu Hsu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Lin
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Remschmidt B, Rieder M, Gsaxner C, Gaessler J, Payer M, Wallner J. Augmented Reality-Guided Apicoectomy Based on Maxillofacial CBCT Scans. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3037. [PMID: 37835780 PMCID: PMC10572956 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of augmented reality (AR) image guidance systems using preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in apicoectomies promises to help surgeons overcome iatrogenic complications associated with this procedure. This study aims to evaluate the intraoperative feasibility and usability of HoloLens 2, an established AR image guidance device, in the context of apicoectomies. Three experienced surgeons carried out four AR-guided apicoectomies each on human cadaver head specimens. Preparation and operating times of each procedure, as well as the subjective usability of HoloLens for AR image guidance in apicoectomies using the System Usability Scale (SUS), were measured. In total, twelve AR-guided apicoectomies on six human cadaver head specimens were performed (n = 12). The average preparation time amounted to 162 (±34) s. The surgical procedure itself took on average 9 (±2) min. There was no statistically significant difference between the three surgeons. Quantification of the usability of HoloLens revealed a mean SUS score of 80.4 (±6.8), indicating an "excellent" usability level. In conclusion, this study implies the suitability, practicality, and simplicity of AR image guidance systems such as the HoloLens in apicoectomies and advocates their routine implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Remschmidt
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Rieder
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Gsaxner
- Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Gaessler
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Payer
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Juergen Wallner
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singhal I, Kaur G, Neefs D, Pathak A. A Literature Review of the Future of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery in the Hands of Technology. Cureus 2023; 15:e45804. [PMID: 37876387 PMCID: PMC10591112 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the realm of dentistry, a myriad of technological advancements, including teledentistry, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and three-dimensional printing, have been extensively embraced and rigorously evaluated, consistently demonstrating their remarkable effectiveness. These innovations have ushered in a transformative era in dentistry, impacting every facet of the field. They encompass activities ranging from the diagnosis and exploration of oral health conditions to the formulation of treatment plans, execution of surgical procedures, fabrication of prosthetics, and even assistance in patient distraction, prognosis, and disease prevention. Despite the significant strides already taken, the relentless pursuit of new horizons fueled by human curiosity remains unabated. The future landscape of dentistry holds the promise of sweeping changes, notably characterized by enhanced accessibility to dental care and reduced treatment durations. In this comprehensive review article, we delve into the pivotal roles played by AI, VR, augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality within the realm of dentistry, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oral medicine, oral radiology, oral surgery, and oral pathology. These technologies represent just a fraction of the technological arsenal currently harnessed in the field of dentistry. A thorough comprehension of their advantages and limitations is imperative for informed decision-making in their utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Singhal
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram, IND
| | - Geetpriya Kaur
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Paradise Diagnostics, New Delhi, IND
| | - Dirk Neefs
- Dentistry, Dierick Dental Care, Antwerp, BEL
| | - Aparna Pathak
- Oral Pathology, Paradise Diagnostics, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim EJ, Kim YS, Im JE, Lee JG. Mobile educational tool based on augmented reality technology for tooth carving: results of a prospective cohort study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 37344879 PMCID: PMC10286372 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmented reality (AR) technology has been shown to be effective in displaying information and presenting three-dimensional objects. Although AR applications are commonly used by learners via mobile devices, plastic models or two-dimensional images are still commonly used in tooth carving practice. Learners practicing tooth carving face a challenge due to the three-dimensional features of teeth as there is a lack of tools available that provide sequential guidance. In this study, we developed an AR-based tooth carving practice tool (AR-TCPT) and compared it to a plastic model to evaluate its potential as a practice tool as well as its user experience. METHODS To model tooth carving, we created a three-dimensional object from sequential steps that included the maxillary canines and maxillary first premolars (16 steps), mandibular first premolars (13 steps), and mandibular first molars (14 steps). Image markers, created using Photoshop software, were assigned to each tooth. An AR-based mobile application was developed using the Unity engine. For tooth carving, 52 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 26; using a plastic tooth model) or an experimental group (n = 26; using the AR-TCPT). User experience was evaluated using a 22-item questionnaire. Data were comparatively analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test via the SPSS program. RESULTS The AR-TCPT detects image markers with the mobile device camera and displays three-dimensional objects for tooth fragmentation. Users can manipulate the device to view each step or examine the shape of a tooth. The results of the user experience survey revealed that the AR-TCPT experimental group scored significantly higher in tooth carving experience compared with the control group that used the plastic model. CONCLUSION Compared with the conventional plastic model, the AR-TCPT provided a better user experience for tooth carving. The tool is highly accessible as it is designed to be used on mobile devices by users. Further studies are required to determine the educational impact of the AR-TCTP on quantitative scoring of carved teeth as well as individual user's carving abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Seoyeong University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seul Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Im
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gi Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Health care, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fatima A, Shafi I, Afzal H, Díez IDLT, Lourdes DRSM, Breñosa J, Espinosa JCM, Ashraf I. Advancements in Dentistry with Artificial Intelligence: Current Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2188. [PMID: 36360529 PMCID: PMC9690084 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence has been widely used in the field of dentistry in recent years. The present study highlights current advances and limitations in integrating artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning in subfields of dentistry including periodontology, endodontics, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, and oral pathology. This article aims to provide a systematic review of current clinical applications of artificial intelligence within different fields of dentistry. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) statement was used as a formal guideline for data collection. Data was obtained from research studies for 2009-2022. The analysis included a total of 55 papers from Google Scholar, IEEE, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results show that artificial intelligence has the potential to improve dental care, disease diagnosis and prognosis, treatment planning, and risk assessment. Finally, this study highlights the limitations of the analyzed studies and provides future directions to improve dental care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anum Fatima
- National Centre for Robotics, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shafi
- College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Afzal
- Military College of Signals (MCS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Isabel De La Torre Díez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematic Engineering, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Del Rio-Solá M. Lourdes
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Breñosa
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR 00613, USA
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Estrada Nacional 250, Bairro Kaluapanda Cuito- Bié, Angola
| | - Julio César Martínez Espinosa
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia, Calle 39A #19-18 Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Imran Ashraf
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Analysis of Deep Learning Techniques for Dental Informatics: A Systematic Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101892. [PMID: 36292339 PMCID: PMC9602147 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the ever-growing healthcare industry, dental informatics is a burgeoning field of study. One of the major obstacles to the health care system’s transformation is obtaining knowledge and insightful data from complex, high-dimensional, and diverse sources. Modern biomedical research, for instance, has seen an increase in the use of complex, heterogeneous, poorly documented, and generally unstructured electronic health records, imaging, sensor data, and text. There were still certain restrictions even after many current techniques were used to extract more robust and useful elements from the data for analysis. New effective paradigms for building end-to-end learning models from complex data are provided by the most recent deep learning technology breakthroughs. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the most recent research on the use of deep learning techniques for dental informatics problems and recommend creating comprehensive and meaningful interpretable structures that might benefit the healthcare industry. We also draw attention to some drawbacks and the need for better technique development and provide new perspectives about this exciting new development in the field.
Collapse
|
12
|
Faus-Matoses V, Faus-Llácer V, Moradian T, Riad Deglow E, Ruiz-Sánchez C, Hamoud-Kharrat N, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Faus-Matoses I. Accuracy of Endodontic Access Cavities Performed Using an Augmented Reality Appliance: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11167. [PMID: 36141439 PMCID: PMC9517686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the accuracy of endodontic access cavities created using an augmented reality appliance to those performed using the conventional technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 single-rooted anterior teeth were chosen for study and randomly divided between two study groups: Group A-endodontic access cavities created using an augmented reality appliance as a guide (n = 30) (AR); and Group B-endodontic access cavities performed with the manual (freehand) technique (n = 30) (MN). A 3D implant planning software was used to plan the endodontic access cavities for the AR group, with a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D intraoral surface scan taken preoperatively and subsequently transferred to the augmented reality device. A second CBCT scan was taken after performing the endodontic access cavities to compare the planned and performed endodontic access for accuracy. Therapeutic planning software and Student's t-test were used to analyze the cavities at the apical, coronal, and angular levels. The repeatability and reproducibility of the digital measurement technique were analyzed using Gage R&R statistical analysis. RESULTS The paired t-test found statistically significant differences between the study groups at the coronal (p = 0.0029) and apical (p = 0.0063) levels; no statistically significant differences were found between the AR and MN groups at the angular (p = 0.6596) level. CONCLUSIONS Augmented reality devices enable the safer and more accurate performance of endodontic access cavities when compared with the conventional freehand technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Faus-Llácer
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Tanaz Moradian
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Riad Deglow
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Ruiz-Sánchez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nirmine Hamoud-Kharrat
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rapp L, Madden S, Rode AV, Walsh LJ, Spallek H, Nguyen Q, Dau V, Woodfield P, Dao D, Zuaiter O, Habeb A, Hirst TR. Anesthetic-, irrigation- and pain-free dentistry? The case for a femtosecond laser enabled intraoral robotic device. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.976097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By leveraging ultrashort pulse laser and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, we are developing a miniaturized intraoral dental robotic device that clamps onto teeth, is remotely controlled, and equipped with a focusing and scanning system to perform efficient, fast, and ultra-precise laser treatments of teeth and dental restorative materials. The device will be supported by a real-time monitoring system for visualization and diagnostic analysis with appropriate digital controls. It will liberate dentists from repetitive manual operations, physical strain and proximity to the patient's oro-pharyngal area that potentially contains infectious agents. The technology will provide patients with high-accuracy, minimally invasive and pain-free treatment. Unlike conventional lasers, femtosecond lasers can ablate all materials without generating heat, thus negating the need for water irrigation, allowing for a clear field of view, and lowering cross-infection hazards. Additionally, dentists can check, analyze, and perform precise cutting of tooth structure with automatic correction, reducing human error. Performing early-stage diagnosis and intervention remotely will be possible through units installed at schools, rural health centers and aged care facilities. Not only can the combination of femtosecond lasers, robotics and MEMS provide practical solutions to dentistry's enduring issues by allowing more precise, efficient, and predictable treatment, but it will also lead to improving the overall access to oral healthcare for communities at large.
Collapse
|