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Grebowski J, Litwinienko G. Metallofullerenols in biomedical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114481. [PMID: 35665690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metallofullerenols (MFs) are functionalized endohedral fullerenes connecting at least three levels of organization of matter: atomic, molecular, and supramolecular, resulting in their unique activity at the nanoscale. Biomedical applications of MFs started from gadolinium-containing contrasting agents, but today their potential medical applications go far beyond diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging. In many cases, preclinical studies have shown a great therapeutic value of MFs, and here we provide an overview of interactions of MFs with high-energy radiation and with reactive oxygen species generated during radiation as a ground for potential applications in modern therapy of cancer patients. We also present the current knowledge on interactions of MFs with proteins and with other components of cells and tissues. Due to their antioxidant properties, as well as their ability to regulate the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and stimulation of the immune response, MFs can contribute to inhibition of tumor growth and protection of normal cells. MFs with enclosed gadolinium act as inhibitors of tumor growth in targeted therapy along with imaging techniques, but we hope that the data gathered in this review will help to accelerate further progress in the implementation of MFs, also the ones containing rare earth metals other than gadolinium, in a broad range of bioapplications covering not only diagnostics and bioimaging but also radiation therapy and cancer treatment by not-cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646, Lodz, Poland.
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2
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Xiao L, Huang R, Sulimai N, Yao R, Manley B, Xu P, Felder R, Jin L, Dorn HC, Li X. Amine Functionalized Trimetallic Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes: A Class of Nanoparticle to Tackle Low Back/Leg Pain. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2943-2955. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Nurul Sulimai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ricky Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Brock Manley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Robin Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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3
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Chen M, Guan R, Li B, Yang L, Niu C, Jin P, Wang G, Yang S. Anomalous
Cis
‐Conformation Regioselectivity of Heterocycle‐Fused Sc
3
N@
D
3
h
‐C
78
Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Materials Science and Engineering Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Materials Science and Engineering Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Guan‐Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Materials Science and Engineering Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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4
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Chen M, Guan R, Li B, Yang L, Niu C, Jin P, Wang GW, Yang S. Anomalous Cis-Conformation Regioselectivity of Heterocycle-Fused Sc 3 N@D 3h -C 78 Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7880-7886. [PMID: 33373072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral clusterfullerenes exhibit unique chemical properties due to intramolecular electron transfer of the encaged metal cluster to the outer fullerene cages. We report the synthesis of two Sc3 N@D3h -C78 monoadducts 2 a and 2 b through the 1,3-dipolar reaction of Sc3 N@D3h -C78 with carbonyl ylide bearing anomalous cis-conformation regioselectivity. The molecular structures of these monoadducts are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, revealing that both 2 a and 2 b have cis-conformations with the furan moiety grafted via [6,6]-closed addition patterns. Under the same conditions, the control reaction of C60 with carbonyl ylide affords two monoadducts 3 a and 3 b, which exhibit cis- and trans-conformations, respectively, with [6,6]-closed addition patterns. According to theoretical calculations, the exclusive formation of the cis-only Sc3 N@D3h -C78 monoadducts is a consequence of conjunct effects of thermodynamic stability of adducts, the reactivity of the addition site, and the cis-dipole intermediate from trans 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Chuang Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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5
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Rodríguez-Galván A, Rivera M, García-López P, Medina LA, Basiuk VA. Gadolinium-containing carbon nanomaterials for magnetic resonance imaging: Trends and challenges. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3779-3794. [PMID: 32154648 PMCID: PMC7171414 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-containing carbon nanomaterials are a new class of contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. They are characterized by a superior proton relaxivity to any current commercial gadolinium contrast agent and offer the possibility to design multifunctional contrasts. Intense efforts have been made to develop these nanomaterials because of their potential for better results than the available gadolinium contrast agents. The aim of the present work is to provide a review of the advances in research on gadolinium-containing carbon nanomaterials and their advantages over conventional gadolinium contrast agents. Due to their enhanced proton relaxivity, they can provide a reliable imaging contrast for cells, tissues or organs with much smaller doses than currently used in clinical practice, thus leading to reduced toxicity (as shown by cytotoxicity and biodistribution studies). Their active targeting capability allows for improved MRI of molecular or cellular targets, overcoming the limited labelling capability of available contrast agents (restricted to physiological irregularities during pathological conditions). Their potential of multifunctionality encompasses multimodal imaging and the combination of imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Galván
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Méxi, Mexico.,Carrera de Biología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia García-López
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A Medina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Méxi, Mexico.,Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vladimir A Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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6
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Ni D, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Multimodality Imaging Agents with PET as the Fundamental Pillar. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2570-2579. [PMID: 29968300 PMCID: PMC6314921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) provides quantitative information in vivo with ultra-high sensitivity but is limited by its relatively low spatial resolution. Therefore, PET has been combined with other imaging modalities, and commercial systems such as PET/computed tomography (CT) and PET/magnetic resonance (MR) have become available. Inspired by the emerging field of nanomedicine, many PET-based multimodality nanoparticle imaging agents have been developed in recent years. This Minireview highlights recent progress in the design of PET-based multimodality imaging nanoprobes with an aim to overview the major advances and key challenges in this field and substantially improve our knowledge of this fertile research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Ni
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin
– Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin
– Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin
– Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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7
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Ni D, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Multimodale Kontrastmittel für die kombinierte Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Ni
- Departments of Radiology and Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Departments of Radiology and Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical PhysicsUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA
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8
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Mosayebi J, Kiyasatfar M, Laurent S. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28990364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non-invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state-of-the-art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half-life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio-nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi-modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mosayebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Mehdi Kiyasatfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
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9
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Li T, Dorn HC. Biomedical Applications of Metal-Encapsulated Fullerene Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603152. [PMID: 28026111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The carbonaceous nanomaterials known as metallofullerenes have attracted considerable attention due to their attractive properties. The robust nature of the "Trojan Horse" fullerene cage provides an important structural component, which isolates the metal cluster from the bioenvironment. The large carbon surface area is ideally suited for multiple exo-functionalization approaches to modify the hydrophobic cage for a more hydrophilic bioenvironment. Additionally, peptides and other agents are readily covalently attached to this nanoprobe for targeting applications. The recent progress in developing metallofullerenes for next-generation biomedical applications is described. Of special interest are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Several recent studies reported cumulative gadolinium deposition in the brain and bones of individuals using commercial clinical MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium-based metallofullerenes provide 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in MRI relaxivity and potentially lower clinical levels of toxic Gd3+ ions deposited. Other potential biomedical applications are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, United States
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10
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Lu W, Hong H, Cai W. Radio-nanomaterials for biomedical applications: state of the art. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2016; 8:151-170. [PMID: 27482194 PMCID: PMC4963156 DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of radioactive isotope(s) into conventional nanomaterials can bring extra properties which are not possessed by original materials. The resulting radioactive nanomaterials (radio-nanomaterials), with added physical/chemical properties, can be used as important tools for different biomedical applications. In this review, our goal is to provide an up-to-date overview on these applications using radio-nanomaterials. The first section illustrates the utilization of radionanomaterials for understanding of in vivo kinetics of their parent nano-materials. In the second section, we focus on two primary applications of radio-nanomaterials: imaging and therapeutic delivery. With various methods being used to form radio-nanomaterials, they can be used for positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and multimodal imaging. Therapeutic isotopes-loading radio-nanomaterials can possess selective killing efficacy of diseased cells (e.g. tumor cells) and can provide promises for certain isotopes which are not able to be used in a conventional manner. The successful and versatile biomedical applications of radio-nanomaterials warrants further investigations of those materials and their optimizations can pave the way to future imaging guidable, personalized treatments in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; and College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA, , ,
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA, , ,
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11
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Zhao Y, Liang M, Li X, Fan K, Xiao J, Li Y, Shi H, Wang F, Choi HS, Cheng D, Yan X. Bioengineered Magnetoferritin Nanoprobes for Single-Dose Nuclear-Magnetic Resonance Tumor Imaging. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4184-4191. [PMID: 26959856 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite all the advances in multimodal imaging, it remains a significant challenge to acquire both magnetic resonance and nuclear imaging in a single dose because of the enormous difference in sensitivity. Indeed, nuclear imaging is almost 10(6)-fold more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); thus, repeated injections are generally required to obtain sufficient MR signals after nuclear imaging. Here, we show that strategically engineered magnetoferritin nanoprobes can image tumors with high sensitivity and specificity using SPECT and MRI in living mice after a single intravenous injection. The magnetoferritin nanoprobes composed of (125)I radionuclide-conjugated human H-ferritin iron nanocages ((125)I-M-HFn) internalize robustly into cancer cells via a novel tumor-specific HFn-TfR1 pathway. In particular, the endocytic recycling characteristic of TfR1 transporters solves the nuclear signal blocking issue caused by the high dose nanoprobes injected for MRI, thus enabling simultaneous functional and morphological tumor imaging without reliance on multi-injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minmin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical/Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology/Beijing Translational Engineering Center of Biomacromolecular Drugs, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical/Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology/Beijing Translational Engineering Center of Biomacromolecular Drugs, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical/Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology/Beijing Translational Engineering Center of Biomacromolecular Drugs, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical/Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology/Beijing Translational Engineering Center of Biomacromolecular Drugs, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Abstract
The integration of PET and MRI modalities into a single hybrid imaging system has been demonstrated to synergistically compensate for the limitations of each modality, with the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve development of therapeutics. To take advantage of the progress of the hybrid PET/MRI hardware, nanoparticle-based probes are being developed for multimodal applications. In this paper, recent advances in the development of nanoparticle-based, multimodal PET/MRI probes are reviewed. Common MRI contrast agents, PET tracers and chelators and surface functionality that comprised PET/MRI nanoprobes reported in the last 10 years are summarized, followed by a description of the physical properties of these probes and their imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kiani A, Esquevin A, Lepareur N, Bourguet P, Le Jeune F, Gauvrit J. Main applications of hybrid PET-MRI contrast agents: a review. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:92-8. [PMID: 26632007 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In medical imaging, the continuous quest to improve diagnostic performance and optimize treatment strategies has led to the use of combined imaging modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) is a hybrid imaging existing already for many years. The high spatial and contrast resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the high sensitivity and molecular information from PET imaging are leading to the development of this new hybrid imaging along with hybrid contrast agents. To create a hybrid contrast agent for PET-MRI device, a PET radiotracer needs to be combined with an MRI contrast agent. The most common approach is to add a radioactive isotope to the surface of a small superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particle. The resulting agents offer a wide range of applications, such as pH variation monitoring, non-invasive angiography and early imaging diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Oncology is the most promising field with the detection of sentinel lymph nodes and the targeting of tumor neoangiogenesis. Oncology and cardiovascular imaging are thus major areas of development for hybrid PET-MRI imaging systems and hybrid contrast agents. The aim is to combine high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, morphological and functional information. Future prospects include the use of specific antibodies and hybrid multimodal PET-MRI-ultrasound-fluorescence imaging with the potential to provide overall pre-, intra- and postoperative patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiani
- Neurofacial Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - A Esquevin
- Neurofacial Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.,VisAGeS U746 Unit/Project, INSERM/INRIA, IRISA, UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes 1, Beaulieu Campus, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - N Lepareur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eugène Marquis Center, avenue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France.,INSERM UMR-S 991 Unit "Liver, Metabolisms and Cancer", University of Rennes 1, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - P Bourguet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eugène Marquis Center, avenue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - F Le Jeune
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eugène Marquis Center, avenue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France.,EA 4712, "Behavior and Basal Ganglia", University of Rennes 1, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Jy Gauvrit
- Neurofacial Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.,VisAGeS U746 Unit/Project, INSERM/INRIA, IRISA, UMR CNRS 6074, University of Rennes 1, Beaulieu Campus, 35042, Rennes, France
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14
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Kako M, Miyabe K, Sato K, Suzuki M, Mizorogi N, Wang WW, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Preparation, Structural Determination, and Characterization of Electronic Properties of Bis-silylated and Bis-germylated Lu3 N@Ih -C80. Chemistry 2015; 21:16411-20. [PMID: 26439980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bis-silylated and bis-germylated derivatives of Lu3 N@Ih -C80 (3, 4, 5) were successfully synthesized by the photochemical addition of disiliranes 1 a, 1 b or digermirane 2, and fully characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical studies. Interestingly, digermirane 2 reacts more efficiently than disiliranes 1 a and 1 b because of its good electron-donor properties and lower steric hindrance around the Ge-Ge bond. The 1,4-adduct structures of 3, 4, 5 were unequivocally established by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses. The electrochemical and theoretical studies reveal that the energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the 1,4-adducts are remarkably smaller than those of Lu3 N@Ih -C80 , because the electron-donating groups effectively raise the HOMO levels. It is also observed that germyl groups are slightly more electron-donating than the silyl groups on the basis of the redox properties and the HOMO-LUMO energies of 4 and 5. Bis-silylation and bis-germylation are effective and versatile methods for tuning the electronic characteristics of endohedral metallofullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585 (Japan).
| | - Kyosuke Miyabe
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585 (Japan)
| | - Kumiko Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan)
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan).,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan)
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan)
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103 (Japan)
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan)
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan)
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (USA).
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (USA).
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103 (Japan).
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan). .,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan). .,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki 305-0821 (Japan). .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (P.R. China).
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15
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Cisneros BT, Law JJ, Matson ML, Azhdarinia A, Sevick-Muraca EM, Wilson LJ. Stable confinement of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance agents within carbon nanotubes for bimodal imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:2499-509. [PMID: 24628687 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Simultaneous positron emission tomography/MRI has recently been introduced to the clinic and dual positron emission tomography/MRI probes are rare and of growing interest. We have developed a strategy for producing multimodal probes based on a carbon nanotube platform without the use of chelating ligands. MATERIALS & METHODS Gd(3+) and (64)Cu(2+) ions were loaded into ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotubes by sonication. Normal, tumor-free athymic nude mice were injected intravenously with the probe and imaged over 48 h. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The probe was stable for up to 24 h when challenged with phosphate-buffered saline and mouse serum. Positron emission tomography imaging also confirmed the stability of the probe in vivo for up to 48 h. The probe was quickly cleared from circulation, with enhanced accumulation in the lungs. Stable encapsulation of contrast agents within ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotubes represents a new strategy for the design of advanced imaging probes with variable multimodal imaging capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry & Richard E Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, 1900 Rice Blvd, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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16
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Gao X, Li C. Nanoprobes visualizing gliomas by crossing the blood brain tumor barrier. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:426-440. [PMID: 24106064 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty in delineating the glioma margins in brain is a major obstacle for its completed resection, which leads to the disproportionately high recurrence and mortality. Besides the fast exertion rate, inadequate sensitivity and non-targeting specificity, the main reason leading to failure of small molecular probes to define gliomas is their incapability to efficiently cross the blood brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Nanoprobes (NPs) show promise to precisely delineate the geographically irregular tumor margins due to their tunable size/circulation lifetime that maximize their passive intratumoral accumulation and their convenience for surface modification that increases the BBTB transcytosis efficacy, imaging sensitivity and receptor targeting specificity. In this work, the characteristics of the BBTB are addressed from biological and physiological perspectives, strategies are presented to deliver NPs across the BBTB, recent developments of NPs are reviewed for glioma visualization and finally the difficulty and promise for clinical translation of NPs are described. Overall, NPs hold great potential for glioma imaging and treatment by pre-surgically delineating tumor margins and intra-operatively guiding tumor excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
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17
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Fatouros PP, Shultz MD. Metallofullerenes: a new class of MRI agents and more? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1853-64. [PMID: 24156489 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallofullerenes have incited research endeavors across many disciplines owing to their wide range of properties obtainable by altering the metal component inside the fullerene cage or by a variety of surface functionalities. With a metal component of gadolinium, gadofullerenes have particularly shown promise in MRI applications owing to their high proton relaxivity and isolation of the metal from the biological environment. This article aims to give a perspective on the development of metallofullerenes as MRI contrast agents and further applications that distinguish them as a new class of imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos P Fatouros
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Michael D Shultz
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research & Development, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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