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Wackett LP. Nothing lasts forever: understanding microbial biodegradation of polyfluorinated compounds and perfluorinated alkyl substances. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:773-792. [PMID: 34570953 PMCID: PMC8913905 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly- and perfluorinated chemicals, including perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), are pervasive in today's society, with a negative impact on human and ecosystem health continually emerging. These chemicals are now subject to strict government regulations, leading to costly environmental remediation efforts. Commercial polyfluorinated compounds have been called 'forever chemicals' due to their strong resistance to biological and chemical degradation. Environmental cleanup by bioremediation is not considered practical currently. Implementation of bioremediation will require uncovering and understanding the rare microbial successes in degrading these compounds. This review discusses the underlying reasons why microbial degradation of heavily fluorinated compounds is rare. Fluorinated and chlorinated compounds are very different with respect to chemistry and microbial physiology. Moreover, the end product of biodegradation, fluoride, is much more toxic than chloride. It is imperative to understand these limitations, and elucidate physiological mechanisms of defluorination, in order to better discover, study, and engineer bacteria that can efficiently degrade polyfluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P. Wackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN55108USA
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2
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Gu Q, Vessally E. N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide: a useful and versatile reagent for the direct fluorination and amination of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16756-16768. [PMID: 35498838 PMCID: PMC9053168 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review updates recent advances and developments in the direct fluorination and amination of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds utilizing N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide, classified according to the type of catalyst. This review updates recent advances and developments in the direct fluorination and amination of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds utilizing N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide, classified according to the type of catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gu
- The School of Architecture
- Yantai University
- Yantai City
- China
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3
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Sudileti M, Nagaripati S, Gundluru M, Chintha V, Aita S, Wudayagiri R, Chamarthi N, Cirandur SR. rGO‐SO 3H Catalysed Green Synthesis of Fluoro‐Substituted Aminomethylene Bisphosphonates and their Anticancer, Molecular Docking studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Sudileti
- Department of ChemistrySri Venkateswara University Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | | | - Mohan Gundluru
- Department of ChemistrySri Venkateswara University Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
- DST-PURSE CentreSri Venkateswara University Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Venkataramaiah Chintha
- Department of ZoologySri Venkateswara University Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Saikiran Aita
- Department of ChemistrySri Venkateswara University Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Rajendra Wudayagiri
- Department of ZoologySri Venkateswara University Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Nagaraju Chamarthi
- Department of ChemistrySri Venkateswara University Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Suresh Reddy Cirandur
- Department of ChemistrySri Venkateswara University Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh India
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable AgricultureUniversiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli Locked Bag 100 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Malaysia
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4
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Raghu MS, Pradeep Kumar CB, Yogesh Kumar K, Prashanth MK, Jayanna BK. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 3‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐(substituted)quinazolin‐4(3
H
)‐one Derivatives as Multi‐target Anti‐inflammatory Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Raghu
- Department of ChemistryNew Horizon College of Engineering Bangalore 560 103 India
| | | | - K. Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and TechnologyJain University Ramanagara 562 112 India
| | - M. K. Prashanth
- Department of ChemistryB N M Institute of Technology Bangalore 560 070 India
| | - B. K. Jayanna
- Department of ChemistryB N M Institute of Technology Bangalore 560 070 India
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5
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Mishra SK, Suryaprakash N. Orchestrated approaches using pure shift NMR: Extraction of spectral parameters, ultra-high resolution, and sensitivity enhancement. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:893-909. [PMID: 29230870 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The limited chemical shift range of protons and pairwise interaction among all the abundant nuclear spins of a molecule makes 1 H spectrum too complicated. As a consequence, the straightforward analysis and the accurate extraction of their interaction strengths from the 1 H spectrum of a complex spin system are formidably difficult or often impossible. This problem persists in the determination of scalar couplings be it between two abundant homonuclear spins or between 1 H and an abundant heteronuclear spin (viz., 19 F and 31 P). Such problems are encountered in many situations where the determination of homonuclear and heteronuclear couplings is challenging. The several pure shift based one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR strategies recently developed in our laboratory for the straightforward extraction of homonuclear and heteronuclear interaction parameters in diverse situations are discussed. Initially, the unique application of pure shift technique that paves the way for easy and straightforward extraction of magnitudes of heteronuclear couplings, namely, n JHX (where X stands for 19 F, 31 P, etc.), is discussed. Subsequently, several pure shift edited one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR strategies that are developed for the direct extraction of homonuclear and heteronuclear couplings and for achieving ultra-high-resolved 1 H spectra with complete eradication of zero frequency peaks and the evolution of unwanted couplings. The enhancement in the sensitivity has also been achieved in the slice-selective pure shift experiments by the rapid acquisition of proton spectrum where the polarization from the adjacent protons is transferred to the selectively excited proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- NMR Research Centre, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - N Suryaprakash
- NMR Research Centre, Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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6
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Staicu T, Iliş M, Cîrcu V, Micutz M. Influence of hydrocarbon moieties of partially fluorinated N -benzoyl thiourea compounds on their gelation properties. A detailed rheological study of complex viscoelastic behavior of decanol/ N -benzoyl thiourea mixtures. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Qin G, Zhu Z, Li S, McDermott AM, Cai C. Development of ciprofloxacin-loaded contact lenses using fluorous chemistry. Biomaterials 2017; 124:55-64. [PMID: 28188995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a simple method to load drugs into commercially available contact lenses utilizing fluorous chemistry. We demonstrated this method using model compounds including fluorous-tagged fluorescein and antibiotic ciprofloxacin. We showed that fluorous interactions facilitated the loading of model molecules into fluorocarbon-containing contact lenses, and that the release profiles exhibited sustained release. Contact lenses loaded with fluorous-tagged ciprofloxacin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro, while no cytotoxicity towards human corneal epithelial cells was observed. To mimic the tear turnover, we designed a porcine eye infection model under flow conditions. Significantly, the modified lenses also exhibited antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ex vivo infection model. Overall, utilizing fluorous chemistry, we can construct a drug delivery system that exhibits high drug loading capacity, sustained drug release, and robust biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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8
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Wang P, Su J, Shen M, Ruths M, Sun H. Detection of Liquid Penetration of a Micropillar Surface Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:638-644. [PMID: 27973850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative characterization of the wetting states of droplets on hydrophobic textured surfaces requires direct measurement of the liquid penetration into surface cavities, which is challenging. Here, the use of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology is reported for the characterization of the liquid penetration depth on a micropillar-patterned surface. The actual liquid-air interface of the droplet was established by freezing the droplet and characterizing it using a cryogenically focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (cryo FIB-SEM) technique. It was found that a direct correlation exists between the liquid penetration depth and the responses of the QCM. A very small frequency shift of the QCM (1.5%) was recorded when the droplet was in the Cassie state, whereas a significant frequency shift was observed when the wetting state changed to the Wenzel state (where full liquid penetration occurs). Furthermore, a transition from the Cassie to the Wenzel state can be captured by the QCM technique. An acoustic-structure-interaction based numerical model was developed to further understand the effect of penetration. The numerical model was validated by experimentally measured responses of micropillar-patterned QCMs. The results also show a nonlinear response of the QCM to the increasing liquid penetration depth. This research provides a solid foundation for utilizing QCM sensors for liquid penetration and surface wettability characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Junwei Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mengyan Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Marina Ruths
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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10
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Makki MST, Alfooty KO, Abdel-Rahman RM, El-Shahawi MS. Synthesis, Voltammetric and Analytical Applications of Some Fluorine Substituted Spirosteroidalthiazolidin-4-one Derivatives of Sulfa Drugs. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Lokesh N, Sachin S, Mishra SK, Suryaprakash N. Quick measurement of 1H–19F scalar couplings from the complex NMR spectra by real-time spin edition. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Liu S, Zhao J, Zhang G. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of functionalized allylic fluorides via palladium-catalyzed three-component tandem carbofluorination of allenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Since its first use in the steroid field in the late 1950s, the use of fluorine in medicinal chemistry has become commonplace, with the small electronegative fluorine atom being a key part of the medicinal chemist's repertoire of substitutions used to modulate all aspects of molecular properties including potency, physical chemistry and pharmacokinetics. This review will highlight the special nature of fluorine, drawing from a survey of marketed fluorinated pharmaceuticals and the medicinal chemistry literature, to illustrate key concepts exploited by medicinal chemists in their attempts to optimize drug molecules. Some of the potential pitfalls in the use of fluorine will also be highlighted.
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14
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Sletten E, Swager TM. Fluorofluorophores: fluorescent fluorous chemical tools spanning the visible spectrum. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13574-7. [PMID: 25229987 PMCID: PMC4577963 DOI: 10.1021/ja507848f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
"Fluoro" refers to both fluorescent and fluorinated compounds. Despite the shared prefix, there are very few fluorescent molecules that are soluble in perfluorinated solvents. This paucity is surprising, given that optical microscopy is a ubiquitous technique throughout the physical sciences and the orthogonality of fluorous materials is a commonly exploited strategy in synthetic chemistry, materials science, and chemical biology. We have addressed this shortage by synthesizing a panel of "fluorofluorophores," fluorescent molecules containing high weight percent fluorine with optical properties spanning the visible spectrum. We demonstrate the utility of these fluorofluorophores by preparing fluorescent perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen
M. Sletten
- Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Liu L, Jalili N, Baergen A, Ng S, Bailey J, Derda R, Klassen JS. Fluorine bonding enhances the energetics of protein-lipid binding in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:751-757. [PMID: 24658801 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the first experimental study of the energies of noncovalent fluorine bonding in a protein-ligand complex in the absence of solvent. Arrhenius parameters were measured for the dissociation of gaseous deprotonated ions of complexes of bovine β-lactoglobulin (Lg), a model lipid-binding protein, and four fluorinated analogs of stearic acid (SA), which contained (X =) 13, 15, 17, or 21 fluorine atoms. In all cases, the activation energies (E(a)) measured for the loss of neutral XF-SA from the (Lg + XF-SA)⁷⁻ ions are larger than for SA. From the kinetic data, the average contribution of each > CF₂ group to E(a) was found to be ~1.1 kcal mol⁻¹, which is larger than the ~0.8 kcal mol⁻¹ value reported for > CH₂ groups. Based on these results, it is proposed that fluorocarbon–protein interactions are inherently stronger (enthalpically) than the corresponding hydrocarbon interactions.
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16
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Abdel-Rahman RM, Makki MST, Al-Romaizan AN. Synthesis of Novel Fluorine Substituted Isolated and Fused Heterobicyclic Nitrogen Systems Bearing 6-(2’-Phosphorylanilido)-1,2,4-Triazin-5-One Moiety as Potential Inhibitor towards HIV-1 Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2014.44028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Bartusik D, Tomanek B. Detection of (19)F-labeled biopharmaceuticals in cell cultures with magnetic resonance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1056-64. [PMID: 23603212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) studies of the therapeutic efficacy of fluorinated drugs have recently become possible due to improvements in detection including the application of very strong magnetic fields up to 9.4Tesla (T). These advances allow tracking, identification, and quantification of (19)F-labeled biopharmaceuticals using (19)F MR imaging ((19)F MRI) and spectroscopy ((19)F MRS). Both techniques are noninvasive, are nondestructive, and enable serial measurements. They also allow for controlled and systematic studies of cellular metabolism in cancerous tissue in vivo (small animals and humans) and in vitro (body fluids, cells culture, tissue extracts and isolated tissues). Here we provide an overview of the (19)F MRI and (19)F MRS techniques used for tracking (19)F labeled anticancer chemotherapeutics and antibodies which allow quantification of drug uptake in cancer cells in vitro.
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