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Tamura K, Hashimoto KY, Okawa S. Thermoelastic wave generation and its longitudinal wave propagation measurement by a microscopic optical interferometer. ULTRASONICS 2024; 141:107319. [PMID: 38688112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Laser ultrasonics is a noncontact measurement method that uses a laser-induced elastic wave source in combination with an optical surface displacement-tracking system. This study compared the performances of two optical interferometers with different characteristics when applied to measurement of pulsed thermoelastic waves. The surface displacement-tracking system was designed to measure the center of the microscopic view. A pulsed laser beam irradiated a black ink layer to generate the thermoelastic waves. The out-of-plane displacement on the axially opposite side was then measured using either a Michelson interferometer or a Sagnac interferometer. The objective lens of the system was of a type commonly used in biological observations. The Michelson interferometer estimated a maximum displacement of 0.43 nm and a maximum sound pressure of 24.7 kPa. The signal-to-noise ratios from 16 averages were 14.9 dB (Michelson interferometer) and 19.2 dB (Sagnac interferometer). Furthermore, this paper compares the performance of the numerically estimated Sagnac interferometer outputs calculated from the measured Michelson interferometer outputs with the experimentally obtained Sagnac interferometer outputs. The numerically estimated Sagnac interferometer's output was shown to be identical to the experimentally acquired output. The Michelson interferometer requires a higher average operating frequency (i.e., it needs a longer data acquisition time), although this interferometer does offer superior displacement output linearity. This property enables calculation of the sound pressure from the displacement amplitude. These findings indicated that combination of the measurement points of the Sagnac interferometer with those of the sparsely distributed Michelson interferometer reduced the measurement time when compared with a single use of the Michelson interferometer while also maintaining the data acquisition quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tamura
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ya Hashimoto
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Ave., West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu-city, Sichuan 611731, PR China
| | - Shinpei Okawa
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Zhou S, Zhou C, Tian J, Yao Y. Multipoint Energy-Balanced Laser-Ultrasonic Transducer Based on a Thin-Cladding Fiber. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1491. [PMID: 38475027 DOI: 10.3390/s24051491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a novel multipoint transducer system by utilizing the single-mode-multimode-thin-cladding fiber (SMTC) structure. This structure leverages the disparity in mode field diameter between the multimode fiber (MMF) and thin-cladding fiber (TCF) to generate high-amplitude ultrasonic signals safely and efficiently. The fabricated transducer exhibits signal amplitudes 2-3-fold higher compared to conventional laser-ultrasonic transducers. Simulation analysis investigates the impact of the length of the MMF and the diameter of the TCF on coupling efficiency. The coupling efficiency of individual transducer units can be accurately controlled by adjusting the length of the MMF. A three-point energy-balanced laser-ultrasonic transducer system was achieved, with improved energy conversion efficiencies, and the optimal thickness of candle soot nanoparticles (CSNPs) is experimentally determined. Additionally, we carried out experiments to compare the performance of the proposed SMTC-based transducer system under different material conditions using two different photoacoustic materials: graphite-epoxy resin and candle soot nanoparticle-polydimethylsiloxane (CSNP-PDMS) composite. CSNPs, as a cost-effective and easy-to-prepare composite material, exhibit higher photoacoustic conversion efficiency compared to graphite-epoxy resin. The proposed system demonstrates the potential for applications in non-destructive testing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiajun Tian
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Na H, Park J, Jeong KH. Plasmon-enhanced optoacoustic transducer with Ecoflex thin film for broadband ultrasound generation using overdriven pulsed laser diode. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:125005. [PMID: 38144698 PMCID: PMC10739335 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.12.125005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Significance Ultrasonic transducers facilitate noninvasive biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications. Optoacoustic generation using nanoplasmonic structures provides a technical solution for highly efficient broadband ultrasonic transducer. However, bulky and high-cost nanosecond lasers as conventional excitation sources hinder a compact configuration of transducer. Aim Here, we report a plasmon-enhanced optoacoustic transducer (PEAT) for broadband ultrasound generation, featuring an overdriven pulsed laser diode (LD) and an Ecoflex thin film. The PEAT module consists of an LD, a collimating lens, a focusing lens, and an Ecoflex-coated 3D nanoplasmonic substrate (NPS). Approach The LD is overdriven above its nominal current and precisely modulated to achieve nanosecond pulsed beam with high optical peak power. The focused laser beam is injected on the NPS with high-density electromagnetic hotspots, which allows for the efficient plasmonic photothermal effect. The thermal expansion of Ecoflex finally generates broadband ultrasound. Results The overdriven pulsed LD achieves a maximum optical peak power of 40 W, exceeding the average optical power of 3 W. The 22 μ m thick Ecoflex-coated NPS exhibits an eightfold optoacoustic enhancement with a fractional - 6 dB bandwidth higher than 160% and a peak frequency of 2.5 MHz. In addition, the optoacoustic amplitude is precisely controlled by the optical peak power or the laser pulse width. The PEAT-integrated microfluidic chip clearly demonstrates acoustic atomization by generating aerosol droplets at the air-liquid interface. Conclusions Plasmon-enhanced optoacoustic generation using PEAT can provide an approach for compact and on-demand biomedical applications, such as ultrasound imaging and lab-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Na
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeok Park
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Howe GA, Tang MX, Rowlands CJ. Tailored photoacoustic apertures with superimposed optical holograms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6361-6380. [PMID: 38420325 PMCID: PMC10898579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A new method of generating potentially arbitrary photoacoustic wavefronts with optical holograms is presented. This method uses nanosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm that are split into four time-delayed components by means of a configurable multipass optical delay apparatus, which serves to map the pulses onto phase-delayed regions of a given acoustic wavefront. A single spatial light modulator generates separate holograms for each component, which are imaged onto a photoacoustic transducer comprised of a thermoelastic polymer. As a proof of concept of the broader arbitrary wavefront construction technique, the spatially- and temporally-modulated holograms in this study produce a phased array effect that enables beam steering of the resulting acoustic pulse. For a first experimental demonstration of the method, as verified by simulation, the acoustic beam is steered in four directions by around 5 degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Howe
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Christopher J Rowlands
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Zheng B, Huo Y, Fan Y, Ma D, Gu Y, Wang P. Ultrawide-bandwidth high-resolution all-optical intravascular ultrasound using miniaturized photoacoustic transducer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8600. [PMID: 37294755 PMCID: PMC10256152 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) uses piezoelectric transducers to electrically generate and receive ultrasound. However, it remains a challenge to achieve large bandwidth for high resolution without compromising imaging depth. We report an all-optical IVUS (AO-IVUS) imaging system using picosecond laser pulse-pumped carbon composite for ultrasound excitation and π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings for ultrasound detection. Using this all-optical technique, we achieved ultrawide-bandwidth (147%) and high-resolution (18.6 micrometers) IVUS imaging, which is unattainable by conventional technique. Imaging performance has been characterized in phantoms, presenting 18.6-micrometer axial resolution, 124-micrometer lateral resolution, and 7-millimeter imaging depth. Rotational pullback imaging scans are performed in rabbit iliac artery, porcine coronary artery, and rabbit arteries with drug-eluting metal stents, in parallel with commercial intravenous ultrasound scans as reference. Results demonstrated the advantages of high-resolution AO-IVUS in delineating details in vascular structures, showing great potential in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dinglong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Medical Photonics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Rajagopal S, Allen T, Berendt M, Lin D, Alam SU, Richardson DJ, Cox BT. The effect of source backing materials and excitation pulse durations on laser-generated ultrasound waveforms. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:2649. [PMID: 37129678 DOI: 10.1121/10.0019306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, it is shown experimentally that a planar laser-generated ultrasound source with a hard reflective backing will generate higher acoustic pressures than a comparable source with an acoustically matched backing when the stress confinement condition is not met. Furthermore, while the source with an acoustically matched backing will have a broader bandwidth when the laser pulse is short enough to ensure stress confinement, the bandwidths of both source types will converge as the laser pulse duration increases beyond stress confinement. The explanation of the results is supported by numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Rajagopal
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Allen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Berendt
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Di Lin
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shaif-Ul Alam
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Richardson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben T Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Spytek J, Ambrozinski L, Pelivanov I. Non-contact detection of ultrasound with light - Review of recent progress. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100440. [PMID: 36582843 PMCID: PMC9792891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present an overview of recent progress in non-contact remote optical detection of ultrasound in application to nondestructive testing and evaluation of materials. The focus of the review is on the latest advances in optical detection that offer mature and robust field-applicable solutions for diagnostics and imaging of engineered structures. We provide a detailed description of these solutions, including their operation principles, their evolution from the previously known designs to commercial devices, and their contribution to solving the most important problems associated with non-contact optical detection of ultrasound. Several application examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of optical detection and provide ideas to a reader on how it can be used in practice. We also discuss the main challenges of modern non-contact detectors which have not yet been addressed, as well as the directions and prospects for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Spytek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Ambrozinski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, United States
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Barbosa RCS, Mendes PM. A Comprehensive Review on Photoacoustic-Based Devices for Biomedical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9541. [PMID: 36502258 PMCID: PMC9736954 DOI: 10.3390/s22239541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic effect is an emerging technology that has sparked significant interest in the research field since an acoustic wave can be produced simply by the incidence of light on a material or tissue. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated, not only to perform photoacoustic imaging but also to develop highly miniaturized ultrasound probes that can provide biologically meaningful information. Therefore, this review aims to outline the materials and their fabrication process that can be employed as photoacoustic targets, both biological and non-biological, and report the main components' features to achieve a certain performance. When designing a device, it is of utmost importance to model it at an early stage for a deeper understanding and to ease the optimization process. As such, throughout this article, the different methods already implemented to model the photoacoustic effect are introduced, as well as the advantages and drawbacks inherent in each approach. However, some remaining challenges are still faced when developing such a system regarding its fabrication, modeling, and characterization, which are also discussed.
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9
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Zhang G, Li X, Zhang S, Kundu T. Sideband peak count-index technique for monitoring multiple cracks in plate structures using ordinary state-based peri-ultrasound theory. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:3035. [PMID: 36456255 DOI: 10.1121/10.0015242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a peri-ultrasound theory based on ordinary state-based peridynamics for modeling elastic waves propagating in three-dimensional (3-D) plate structures and interacting with multiple cracks. A recently developed nonlinear ultrasonic technique called sideband peak count-index (or SPC-I) is adopted for monitoring one or more cracks with thickness values equal to 0 mm (crack-free), 1, 2, and 4 mm. Three separate scenarios-one crack, two cracks, and four cracks in 3-D plate structures-are investigated. These cracks can be classified as thin and thick cracks depending on the horizon size, which is mentioned in peri-ultrasound theory. Computed results for all three cases show larger SPC-I values for thin cracks than for thick cracks and the case of no cracks. This observation is in line with the previously reported results in the literature and proves that the state-based peri-ultrasound theory can capture the expected nonlinear response of elastic waves interacting with multiple cracks without changing the cracks' surface locations artificially, and this is always needed in most of the other numerical methods. The proposed state-based peri-ultrasound theory is more flexible and reliable for solving 3-D problems, and the out-of-plane wave field can be obtained for engineering analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Zhang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410075, China
| | - Xiongbing Li
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410075, China
| | - Shuzeng Zhang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410075, China
| | - Tribikram Kundu
- Department of Civil and Architecture Engineering and Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Shi M, Bodian S, West SJ, Sathasivam S, Gordon RJ, Collier P, Vercauteren T, Desjardins AE, Noimark S, Xia W. Enhanced Photoacoustic Visualisation of Clinical Needles by Combining Interstitial and Extracorporeal Illumination of Elastomeric Nanocomposite Coatings. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6417. [PMID: 36080876 PMCID: PMC9460224 DOI: 10.3390/s22176417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) image guidance is widely used for minimally invasive procedures, but the invasive medical devices (such as metallic needles), especially their tips, can be poorly visualised in US images, leading to significant complications. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is promising for visualising invasive devices and peripheral tissue targets. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) acting as PA excitation sources facilitate the clinical translation of PA imaging, but the image quality is degraded due to the low pulse energy leading to insufficient contrast with needles at deep locations. In this paper, photoacoustic visualisation of clinical needles was enhanced by elastomeric nanocomposite coatings with superficial and interstitial illumination. Candle soot nanoparticle-polydimethylsiloxane (CSNP-PDMS) composites with high optical absorption and large thermal expansion coefficients were applied onto the needle exterior and the end-face of an optical fibre placed in the needle lumen. The excitation light was delivered at the surface by LED arrays and through the embedded optical fibre by a pulsed diode laser to improve the visibility of the needle tip. The performance was validated using an ex-vivo tissue model. An LED-based PA/US imaging system was used for imaging the needle out-of-plane and in-plane insertions over approach angles of 20 deg to 55 deg. The CSNP-PDMS composite conferred substantial visual enhancements on both the needle shaft and the tip, with an average of 1.7- and 1.6-fold improvements in signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), respectively. With the extended light field involving extracorporeal and interstitial illumination and the highly absorbing coatings, enhanced visualisation of the needle shaft and needle tip was achieved with PA imaging, which could be helpful in current US-guided minimally invasive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Semyon Bodian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Simeon J. West
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Sanjayan Sathasivam
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK or
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | | | - Paul Collier
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Reading RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Li J, Ma Y, Zhang T, Shung KK, Zhu B. Recent Advancements in Ultrasound Transducer: From Material Strategies to Biomedical Applications. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9764501. [PMID: 37850168 PMCID: PMC10521713 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9764501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is extensively studied for biomedical engineering applications. As the core part of the ultrasonic system, the ultrasound transducer plays a significant role. For the purpose of meeting the requirement of precision medicine, the main challenge for the development of ultrasound transducer is to further enhance its performance. In this article, an overview of recent developments in ultrasound transducer technologies that use a variety of material strategies and device designs based on both the piezoelectric and photoacoustic mechanisms is provided. Practical applications are also presented, including ultrasound imaging, ultrasound therapy, particle/cell manipulation, drug delivery, and nerve stimulation. Finally, perspectives and opportunities are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapu Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430074
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - Tao Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430074
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Benpeng Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430074
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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12
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Thompson D, Nagel J, Gasteau D, Manohar S. Laser-induced ultrasound transmitters for large-volume ultrasound tomography. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 25:100312. [PMID: 34868873 PMCID: PMC8626690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a protocol for the design, fabrication and characterisation of laser-induced ultrasound transmitters with a specific, user-defined frequency response for the purpose of ultrasound tomography of large-volume biomedical samples. Using an analytic solution to the photoacoustic equation and measurements of the optical and acoustic properties of the materials used in the transmitters, we arrive at a required mixture of carbon black and polydimethylsiloxane to achieve the desired frequency response. After an in-depth explanation of the fabrication and characterisation approaches we show the performance of the fabricated transmitter, which has a centre frequency of 0.9 MHz, 200% bandwidth and 45.8 ∘ opening angle, multi-kPa pressures over a large depth range in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thompson
- Correspondence to: University of Twente, Technical Medical centre, Enschede, Netherlands.
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Bodian S, Colchester RJ, Macdonald TJ, Ambroz F, Briceno de Gutierrez M, Mathews SJ, Fong YMM, Maneas E, Welsby KA, Gordon RJ, Collier P, Zhang EZ, Beard PC, Parkin IP, Desjardins AE, Noimark S. CuInS 2 Quantum Dot and Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites for All-Optical Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021; 8:2100518. [PMID: 34777946 PMCID: PMC8573612 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dual-modality imaging employing complementary modalities, such as all-optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, is emerging as a well-suited technique for guiding minimally invasive surgical procedures. Quantum dots are a promising material for use in these dual-modality imaging devices as they can provide wavelength-selective optical absorption. The first quantum dot nanocomposite engineered for co-registered laser-generated ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging is presented. The nanocomposites developed, comprising CuInS2 quantum dots and medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane (CIS-PDMS), are applied onto the distal ends of miniature optical fibers. The films exhibit wavelength-selective optical properties, with high optical absorption (> 90%) at 532 nm for ultrasound generation, and low optical absorption (< 5%) at near-infrared wavelengths greater than 700 nm. Under pulsed laser irradiation, the CIS-PDMS films generate ultrasound with pressures exceeding 3.5 MPa, with a corresponding bandwidth of 18 MHz. An ultrasound transducer is fabricated by pairing the coated optical fiber with a Fabry-Pérot (FP) fiber optic sensor. The wavelength-selective nature of the film is exploited to enable co-registered all-optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of an ink-filled tube phantom. This work demonstrates the potential for quantum dots as wavelength-selective absorbers for all-optical ultrasound generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semyon Bodian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Richard J. Colchester
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Sunish J. Mathews
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Yu Man Mandy Fong
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Efthymios Maneas
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Kathryn A. Welsby
- Central Laser FacilityHarwell Science and Innovation CampusChiltonDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Ross J. Gordon
- Johnson Matthey Technology CentreSonning CommonReadingRG4 9NHUK
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson Matthey Technology CentreSonning CommonReadingRG4 9NHUK
| | - Edward Z. Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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14
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Singh R, Kumar B, Sahu RK, Kumari S, Jha CB, Singh N, Mathur R, Hedau ST. Development of a pH-sensitive functionalized metal organic framework: in vitro study for simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in breast cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33723-33733. [PMID: 35497517 PMCID: PMC9042314 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of an efficient dual-drug based nanocarrier with high drug loading capacity, specific targeting properties, and long-term stability is highly desirable in cancer therapy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be a promising class of drug carriers due to their high porosity, crystalline properties with defined structure information, and their potential for further functionalization. To enhance the drug efficacy as well as to overcome the burst effect of drugs, here we synthesized a pH responsive folic acid (FA) and graphene oxide (GO) decorated zeolitical imidazolate frameworks-8 (GO-FA/ZIF-8), for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CP), simultaneously. In this system, DOX molecules were encapsulated in the pores of ZIF-8 during in situ synthesis of ZIF-8 and CP molecules have been captured by the GO surface via hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions as well. Furthermore, the resulting pH-responsive nanocarrier (DOX@ZIF-8/GO-FA/CP) showed in vitro sustained release characteristics (76% of DOX and 80% of CP) by cleavage of chemical bonding and disruption of the MOFs structure under acidic condition (at pH 5.6). Moreover, DOX@ZIF-8/GO-FA/CP has synergistic cytotoxic effects as compared to the combination of both the drugs without ZIF-8/GO-FA when treating MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines (with a combination index of 0.29 and 0.75 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell-lines, respectively). Hence this system can be applied as an effective platform for smart dual drug delivery in breast cancer treatment through its remarkable manageable multidrug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar Noida-201301 U.P. India +91-0120-2446909
| | - Binayak Kumar
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar Noida-201301 U.P. India +91-0120-2446909
| | - Ram Krishna Sahu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar Noida-201301 U.P. India +91-0120-2446909
| | - Soni Kumari
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar Noida-201301 U.P. India +91-0120-2446909
| | - Chandan Bhogendra Jha
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg Delhi 110054 India
| | - Nahar Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Rashi Mathur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Marg Delhi 110054 India
| | - Suresh T Hedau
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research I-7, Sector 39, Gautam Buddha Nagar Noida-201301 U.P. India +91-0120-2446909
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15
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Pechprasarn S, Sukkasem C, Suvarnaphaet P. Analysis of Dielectric Waveguide Grating and Fabry-Perot Modes in Elastic Grating in Optical Detection of Ultrasound. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4081. [PMID: 34198475 PMCID: PMC8231970 DOI: 10.3390/s21124081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In our previous work, we have demonstrated that dielectric elastic grating can support Fabry-Perot modes and provide embedded optical interferometry to measure ultrasonic pressure. The Fabry-Perot modes inside the grating provide an enhancement in sensitivity and figure of merit compared to thin film-based Fabry-Perot structures. Here, in this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to explain that the elastic grating also supports dielectric waveguide grating mode, in which optical grating parameters control the excitation of the two modes. The optical properties of the two modes, including coupling conditions and loss mechanisms, are discussed. The proposed grating has the grating period in micron scale, which is shorter than the wavelength of the incident ultrasound leading to an ultrasonic scattering. The gap regions in the grating allow the elastic grating thickness to be compressed by the incident ultrasound and coupled to a surface acoustic wave mode. The thickness compression can be measured using an embedded interferometer through one of the optical guided modes. The dielectric waveguide grating is a narrow bandpass optical filter enabling an ultrasensitive mode to sense changes in optical displacement. This enhancement in mechanical and optical properties gives rise to a broader detectable pressure range and figure of merit in ultrasonic detection; the detectable pressure range and figure of merit can be enhanced by 2.7 times and 23 times, respectively, compared to conventional Fabry-Perot structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phitsini Suvarnaphaet
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand; (S.P.); (C.S.)
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16
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Hass K, Insabella RM, González MG, Riobó L, Veiras FE. A method for the calibration of wideband ultrasonic sensors for optoacoustics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:064904. [PMID: 34243561 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A method for calibration of ultrasonic sensors for optoacoustics that provides both frequency response and sensitivity is presented. In order to obtain the bandwidth and the frequency response of an uncalibrated sensor, a point source with broadband spectra generated by a laser-induced bubble on a copper wire submerged in water is employed. On the other hand, the sensitivity measurement relies on the spatial symmetry of the pressure pulse and on a calibrated transducer. Therefore, two sensors are employed to detect the pressure pulse at the same distance from the source. The symmetry of the acoustic field that arrives at both transducers is adjusted and verified by means of an optical interferometer that provides a null signal when the copper wire is placed at the right position. The method is tested on the characterization of a thin-film polymeric piezoelectric transducer with a cylindrical focused shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hass
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, GLOmAe, Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R M Insabella
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, GLOmAe, Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, GLOmAe, Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Riobó
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, GLOmAe, Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F E Veiras
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, GLOmAe, Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Goldfain AM, Yung CS, Briggman KA, Hwang J. Optical phase contrast imaging for absolute, quantitative measurements of ultrasonic fields with frequencies up to 20 MHz. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:4620. [PMID: 34241467 PMCID: PMC9889099 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The technique of phase contrast imaging, combined with tomographic reconstructions, can rapidly measure ultrasonic fields propagating in water, including ultrasonic fields with complex wavefront shapes, which are difficult to characterize with standard hydrophone measurements. Furthermore, the technique can measure the absolute pressure amplitudes of ultrasonic fields without requiring a pressure calibration. Absolute pressure measurements have been previously demonstrated using optical imaging methods for ultrasonic frequencies below 2.5 MHz. The present work demonstrates that phase contrast imaging can accurately measure ultrasonic fields with frequencies up to 20 MHz and pressure amplitudes near 10 kPa. Accurate measurements at high ultrasonic frequencies are performed by tailoring the measurement conditions to limit optical diffraction as guided by a simple dimensionless parameter. In some situations, differences between high frequency measurements made with the phase contrast method and a calibrated hydrophone become apparent, and the reasons for these differences are discussed. Extending optical imaging measurements to high ultrasonic frequencies could facilitate quantitative applications of ultrasound measurements in nondestructive testing and medical therapeutics and diagnostics such as photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Goldfain
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Christopher S Yung
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Kimberly A Briggman
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jeeseong Hwang
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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18
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Pham K, Noimark S, Huynh N, Zhang E, Kuklis F, Jaros J, Desjardins A, Cox B, Beard P. Broadband All-Optical Plane-Wave Ultrasound Imaging System Based on a Fabry-Perot Scanner. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1007-1016. [PMID: 33035154 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3028749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A broadband all-optical plane-wave ultrasound imaging system for high-resolution 3-D imaging of biological tissues is presented. The system is based on a planar Fabry-Perot (FP) scanner for ultrasound detection and the photoacoustic generation of ultrasound in a carbon-nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane (CNT-PDMS) composite film. The FP sensor head was coated with the CNT-PDMS film which acts as an ultrasound transmitting layer for pulse-echo imaging. Exciting the CNT-PDMS coating with nanosecond laser pulses generated monopolar plane-wave ultrasound pulses with MPa-range peak pressures and a -6-dB bandwidth of 22 MHz, which were transmitted into the target. The resulting scattered acoustic field was detected across a 15 mm ×15 mm scan area with a step size of 100 [Formula: see text] and an optically defined element size of [Formula: see text]. The -3-dB bandwidth of the sensor was 30 MHz. A 3-D image of the scatterer distribution was then recovered using a k -space reconstruction algorithm. To obtain a measure of spatial resolution, the instrument line-spread function (LSF) was measured as a function of position. At the center of the scan area, the depth-dependent lateral LSF ranged from 46 to 65 [Formula: see text] for depths between 1 and 12 mm. The vertical LSF was independent of position and measured to be [Formula: see text] over the entire field of view. To demonstrate the ability of the system to provide high-resolution 3-D images, phantoms with well-defined scattering structures of arbitrary geometry were imaged. To demonstrate its suitability for imaging biological tissues, phantoms with similar impedance mismatches, sound speed and scattering properties to those present in the tissue, and ex vivo tissue samples were imaged. Compared with conventional piezoelectric-based ultrasound scanners, this approach offers the potential for improved image quality and higher resolution for superficial tissue imaging. Since the FP scanner is capable of high-resolution 3-D photoacoustic imaging of in vivo biological tissues, the system could ultimately be developed into an instrument for dual-mode all-optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.
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19
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Review recent developments in photoacoustic imaging and sensing for nondestructive testing and evaluation. Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art 2021; 4:6. [PMID: 33740149 PMCID: PMC7979856 DOI: 10.1186/s42492-021-00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been widely used in biomedical research and preclinical studies during the past two decades. It has also been explored for nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT/E) and for industrial applications. This paper describes the basic principles of PA technology for NDT/E and its applications in recent years. PA technology for NDT/E includes the use of a modulated continuous-wave laser and a pulsed laser for PA wave excitation, PA-generated ultrasonic waves, and all-optical PA wave excitation and detection. PA technology for NDT/E has demonstrated broad applications, including the imaging of railway cracks and defects, the imaging of Li metal batteries, the measurements of the porosity and Young’s modulus, the detection of defects and damage in silicon wafers, and a visualization of underdrawings in paintings.
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20
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Rajagopal S, Cox BT. Modelling laser ultrasound waveforms: The effect of varying pulse duration and material properties. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2040. [PMID: 33765774 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical generation of ultrasound using nanosecond duration laser pulses has generated great interest both in industrial and biomedical applications. The availability of portable laser devices using semiconductor technology and optical fibres, as well as numerous source material types based on nanocomposites, has proliferated the applications of laser ultrasound. The nanocomposites can be deposited on the tip of optical fibres as well as planar hard and soft backing materials using various fabrication techniques, making devices suitable for a variety of applications. The ability to choose the acoustic material properties and the laser pulse duration gives considerable control over the ultrasound output. Here, an analytical time-domain solution is derived for the acoustic pressure waveform generated by a planar optical ultrasound source consisting of an optically absorbing layer on a backing. It is shown that by varying the optical attenuation coefficient, the thickness of the absorbing layer, the acoustic properties of the materials, and the laser pulse duration, a wide variety of pulse shapes and trains can be generated. It is shown that a source with a reflecting backing can generate pulses with higher amplitude than a source with an acoustically-matched backing in the same circumstances when stress-confinement has not been satisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Rajagopal
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Ben T Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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21
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Delamination Detection in Bimetallic Composite Using Laser Ultrasonic Bulk Waves. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method based on laser ultrasonic bulk waves is used to detect delamination in a bimetallic composite. For this purpose, several artificial delamination defects were created in a copper-aluminum sample using wire-electrode cutting. The research includes numerical simulation and experimental analysis. The propagation process of laser ultrasonic in Cu/Al bimetallic compo-site, the interaction between bulk waves and composite interface, and the effect of delamination defects on the ultrasound field were studied by numerical simulation. Suitable parameters and features were determined by numerical simulation, which provided a basis for the parameter se-lection of experimental research. The reflected shear waves from the composite interface can act as a sensitive feature to detect the delamination in Cu/Al bimetallic composites. The distance between the detection point and the excitation point was set to 2 mm to take into account the detection resolution and efficiency. The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results, and the C-scan image can intuitively show the location and size of delamination defects. The detection method based on laser ultrasonic bulk waves can effectively detect the delamination in Cu/Al bimetallic composite, which is suitable for the on-line detection of the rolling composite process.
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22
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Hosseinaee Z, Le M, Bell K, Reza PH. Towards non-contact photoacoustic imaging [review]. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100207. [PMID: 33024694 PMCID: PMC7530308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) takes advantage of both optical and ultrasound imaging properties to visualize optical absorption with high resolution and contrast. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is usually categorized with all-optical microscopy techniques such as optical coherence tomography or confocal microscopes. Despite offering high sensitivity, novel imaging contrast, and high resolution, PAM is not generally an all-optical imaging method unlike the other microscopy techniques. One of the significant limitations of photoacoustic microscopes arises from their need to be in physical contact with the sample through a coupling media. This physical contact, coupling, or immersion of the sample is undesirable or impractical for many clinical and pre-clinical applications. This also limits the flexibility of photoacoustic techniques to be integrated with other all-optical imaging microscopes for providing complementary imaging contrast. To overcome these limitations, several non-contact photoacoustic signal detection approaches have been proposed. This paper presents a brief overview of current non-contact photoacoustic detection techniques with an emphasis on all-optical detection methods and their associated physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hosseinaee
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martin Le
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevan Bell
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- IllumiSonics Inc., Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Parsin Haji Reza
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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23
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Rajagopal S, Cox BT. 100 MHz bandwidth planar laser-generated ultrasound source for hydrophone calibration. ULTRASONICS 2020; 108:106218. [PMID: 32721650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency calibration of hydrophones is becoming increasingly important, both for clinical and scientific applications of ultrasound, and user safety. At present, the calibrations available routinely to the user community extend to 60 MHz. However, hydrophones that can measure beyond this are available, and ultrasonic fields often contain energy at higher frequencies, e.g., generated through nonlinear propagation of high-amplitude ultrasound used for therapeutic applications, and the increasing use of higher frequencies in imaging. Therefore, there is a need for calibrations up to at least 100 MHz, to allow ultrasonic fields to be accurately characterized, and the risk of harmful bioeffects to be properly assessed. Currently, sets of focused piezoelectric transducers are used to meet the pressure amplitude and bandwidth requirements of Primary Standard calibration facilities. However, when the frequency is high enough such that the size of the ultrasound focus becomes less than the hydrophone element's diameter, the uncertainty due to spatial averaging becomes significant, and can be as high as 20% at 100 MHz. As an alternate to piezoelectric transducers, a laser-generated ultrasound calibration source was designed, fabricated, and characterized. The source consists of an optically absorbing carbon-polymer nanocomposite excited by a large-diameter 1064 nm laser pulse of 2.6 ns duration. Peak pressure amplitudes of several Mega-Pascal were readily achievable, and the signal contained measurable frequency components up to 100 MHz. The variation in the pressure amplitudes was less than 2% from its mean over a three-hour test period. The ultrasound beam was sufficiently broad that the uncertainties due to spatial averaging were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Rajagopal
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Ben T Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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24
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Silva AD, Henriques CA, Malva DV, Calvete MJF, Pereira MM, Serpa C, Arnaut LG. Photoacoustic generation of intense and broadband ultrasound pulses with functionalized carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20831-20839. [PMID: 33043332 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04986g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) functionalized with siloxane groups were dissolved in polystyrene/tetrahydrofuran to produce thin films that generate broadband and intense ultrasound pulses when excited by pulsed lasers. These films absorb >99% of light in the visible and near-infrared and show no signs of fatigue after thousands of laser pulses. Picosecond laser pulses with fluences of 50 mJ cm-2 generate photoacoustic waves with exceptionally wide bandwidths (170 MHz at -6 dB) and peak pressures >1 MPa several millimeters away from the source. The ability to generate such broadband ultrasound pulses is assigned to the ultrafast dissipation of heat by CNT-siloxanes, and to the formation of very thin photoacoustic sources thanks to the high speed of sound of polystyrene. The wide bandwidths achieved allow for axial resolutions of 8 μm at depths less than 1 mm, similar to the resolution of histology but based on real-time non-invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre D Silva
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - César A Henriques
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniel V Malva
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mario J F Calvete
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Choi WY, Kwon SW, Kim YH, Kang KC, Park KK. Single-Shot Near-Field Volumetric Imaging System for Optical Ultrasound and Photoacoustics Using Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Without Transmission Mode. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1151-1158. [PMID: 31976884 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.2965600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a single-shot dual-mode imaging system that uses optical ultrasound (US) as an ultrasonic pulser without a transmission circuit. The ultrasonic pulse-echo system comprises an optical US pulser generated by carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which generate a high-power photoacoustic (PA) signal and a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) receiver. By fabricating a thin CNT-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite capable of semiabsorption of the laser, a single-shot imaging system was developed. By transmitting a semipenetration light to the object, US and PA imaging were performed in a single shot. A CNT thickness of [Formula: see text] produced a maximum pressure of 154 kPa, and US was received by CMUT with a 2-MHz center frequency in PDMS. Additionally, a low-profile and near-depth imaging system was constructed with an intermediate layer of the 6-mm PDMS for the dry contact method. We performed a single-shot dual-mode imaging experiment on point and line phantoms, as well as the particle spread in the soft tissue. Thus, we examined the feasibility of the near-depth and single-shot dual-mode (US and PA) imaging system capable of a dry contact.
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26
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Alles EJ, Desjardins AE. Source Density Apodization: Image Artifact Suppression Through Source Pitch Nonuniformity. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:497-504. [PMID: 31603778 PMCID: PMC7049469 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2945636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional ultrasound imaging probes typically comprise finite-sized arrays of periodically spaced transducer elements which, in the case of phased arrays, can result in severe grating and sidelobe artifacts. Whereas side lobes can be effectively suppressed through amplitude apodization ("AmpA"), grating lobes arising from periodicity in transducer placement can only be suppressed by decreasing the element pitch, which is technologically challenging and costly. In this work, we present source density apodization ("SDA") as an alternative apodization scheme, where the spatial source density (and, hence, the element pitch) is varied across the imaging aperture. Using an all-optical ultrasound imaging setup capable of video-rate 2-D imaging as well as dynamic and arbitrary reconfiguration of the source array geometry, we show both numerically and experimentally how SDA and AmpA are equivalent for large numbers of sources. For low numbers of sources, SDA is shown to yield superior image quality as both side and grating lobes are effectively suppressed. In addition, we demonstrate how asymmetric SDA schemes can be used to locally and dynamically improve the image quality. Finally, we demonstrate how a nonsmoothly varying spatial source density (such as that obtained for randomized arrays or in the presence of source positioning uncertainty or inaccuracy) can yield severe image artifacts. The application of SDA can, thus, yield high image quality even for low channel counts, which can ultimately result in higher imaging frame rates using acquisition systems of reduced complexity.
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Detection of Internal Holes in Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Part Using Laser Ultrasonic Testing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For a non-contact, non-destructive quality evaluation, laser ultrasonic testing (LUT) has received increasing attention in complex manufacturing processes, such as additive manufacturing (AM). This work assessed the LUT method for the inspection of internal hole defects in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V part. A Q-switched pulsed laser was utilized to generate ultrasound waves on the top surface of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy part, and a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) was utilized to detect the ultrasound waves. Sub-millimeter (0.8 mm diameter) internal hole defect was successfully detected by using the established LUT system in pulse-echo mode. The method achieved a relatively high resolution, suggesting significant application prospects in the non-destructive evaluation of AM part. The relationship between the diameter of the hole defects and the amplitude of the laser-generated Rayleigh waves was studied. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was conducted to validate the results obtained from the LUT system.
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28
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Zhao T, Desjardins AE, Ourselin S, Vercauteren T, Xia W. Minimally invasive photoacoustic imaging: Current status and future perspectives. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 16:100146. [PMID: 31871889 PMCID: PMC6909166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that is based on optical absorption contrast, capable of revealing distinct spectroscopic signatures of tissue at high spatial resolution and large imaging depths. However, clinical applications of conventional non-invasive PAI systems have been restricted to examinations of tissues at depths less than a few cm due to strong light attenuation. Minimally invasive photoacoustic imaging (miPAI) has greatly extended the landscape of PAI by delivering excitation light within tissue through miniature fibre-optic probes. In the past decade, various miPAI systems have been developed with demonstrated applicability in several clinical fields. In this article, we present an overview of the current status of miPAI and our thoughts on future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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29
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Schoustra SM, Piras D, Huijink R, op ‘t Root TJPM, Alink L, Kobold WM, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope 2: system overview and three-dimensional vascular network images in healthy breasts. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 31650741 PMCID: PMC7005569 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope 2, a photoacoustic breast imaging system employing a tomographic configuration. It images one breast pendant inside an imaging tank filled with water while a woman lies prone on a bed. A dual-head laser (755 and 1064 nm) illuminates the breast with one beam directed at the nipple and nine beams directed at the sides. Ultrasound signals are detected using 12 arc-shaped arrays, each curving along the pendant breast. Each array comprises 32 piezocomposite elements each with a center frequency of 1 MHz. The imaging tank and the ultrasound arrays rotate around the breast in steps to obtain additional multiple projections. Three-dimensional images are reconstructed using a filtered backprojection algorithm. The system is described in detail, and measurements on a test object are presented. As part of a preliminary study to assess the system's in vivo performance, the breasts of two healthy volunteers were imaged. These images show the breast contour, the nipple, and the vascular anatomy within the breast. In the nipple of one case, multiple high-intensity "hot spots" are observed, which we suspect are associated with the lactiferous ducts terminating in the nipple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje M. Schoustra
- University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Piras
- University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Wiendelt Steenbergen
- University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Srirang Manohar
- University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, Technical Medical Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Srirang Manohar, E-mail:
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30
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Kim J, Kim H, Chang WY, Huang W, Jiang X, Dayton PA. Candle Soot Carbon Nanoparticles in Photoacoustics: Advantages and Challenges for Laser Ultrasound Transmitters. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019; 13:13-28. [PMID: 31178946 DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2904773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript provides a review of candle-soot nanoparticle (CSNP) composite laser ultrasound transmitters (LUT), and compares and contrasts this technology to other carboncomposite designs. Among many carbon-based composite LUTs, a CSNP composite has shown its advantages of maximum energy conversion and fabrication simplicity for developing highly efficient ultrasound transmitters. This review focuses on the advantages and challenges of the CSNP-composite transmitter in the aspects of nanostructure design, fabrication procedure, and promising applications. Included are a brief description of the basic principles of the laser ultrasound transmitter, a review of general properties of CSNPs, as well as details on the fabrication method, photoacoustic performance, and design factors. A comparison of the CSNP-nanocomposite to other carbon-nanocomposites is provided. Lastly, representative applications of carbon-nanocomposite transmitters and future perspectives on CSNP-composite transmitters are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Kim
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Howuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Wei-Yi Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Wenbin Huang
- State Key Lab of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh
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31
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Colchester RJ, Little C, Dwyer G, Noimark S, Alles EJ, Zhang EZ, Loder CD, Parkin IP, Papakonstantinou I, Beard PC, Finlay MC, Rakhit RD, Desjardins AE. All-Optical Rotational Ultrasound Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5576. [PMID: 30944379 PMCID: PMC6447544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniaturised high-resolution imaging devices are valuable for guiding minimally invasive procedures such as vascular stent placements. Here, we present all-optical rotational B-mode pulse-echo ultrasound imaging. With this device, ultrasound transmission and reception are performed with light. The all-optical transducer in the probe comprised an optical fibre that delivered pulsed excitation light to an optical head at the distal end with a multi-walled carbon nanotube and polydimethylsiloxane composite coating. This coating was photoacoustically excited to generate a highly directional ultrasound beam perpendicular to the optical fibre axis. A concave Fabry-Pérot cavity at the distal end of an optical fibre, which was interrogated with a tuneable continuous-wave laser, served as an omnidirectional ultrasound receiver. The transmitted ultrasound had a -6 dB bandwidth of 31.3 MHz and a peak-to-peak pressure of 1.87 MPa, as measured at 1.5 mm from the probe. The receiver had a noise equivalent pressure <100 Pa over a 20 MHz bandwidth. With a maximum outer probe diameter of 1.25 mm, the probe provided imaging with an axial resolution better than 50 µm, and a real-time imaging rate of 5 frames per second. To investigate the capabilities of the probe, intraluminal imaging was performed in healthy swine carotid arteries. The results demonstrate that the all-optical probe is viable for clinical rotational ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Colchester
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK.
| | - Callum Little
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - George Dwyer
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Erwin J Alles
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Edward Z Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher D Loder
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Paul C Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Malcolm C Finlay
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
- William Harvey Cardiovascular Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts Health Centre, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Roby D Rakhit
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrien E Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London, W1W 7EJ, UK
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5-Fluorouracil and curcumin co-encapsulated chitosan/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites against human colon cancer cell lines. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li Y, Tian J, Ji S, Zhou C, Sun Y, Yao Y. Fiber-optic multipoint laser-ultrasonic excitation transducer using coreless fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6116-6128. [PMID: 30876205 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic ultrasound excitation has great potential in structural nondestructive testing and applications for medical treatments as a promising alternative to electrical ultrasound. This study proposes and demonstrates a multipoint optical fiber laser-ultrasonic transducer system, wherein the fiber-optic ultrasonic transducer is fabricated by a coreless fiber segment's fusion with single-mode fibers at each end. Simulation and experiment results show that the transducer coupling ratio is dependent on the coreless fiber's length. The structure of such an ultrasonic transducer is easily manufactured. Thus, the structures of these optical fiber ultrasonic transducers with different coupling ratios are connected in the order of small to large coupling ratios. In this manner, multipoint ultrasonic excitation with equal intensities at each excitation point can be obtained using this simple and low-cost method. Using laser guidance through the optical fiber to generate ultrasound can efficiently solve some shortcomings of traditional ultrasonic transducers, such as large volume, small bandwidth, and electromagnetic interference. Moreover, this type of fiber-optic ultrasound transducer has higher mechanical strength than other fiber-optic ultrasound transducers and is expected to be useful in structural health-monitoring of buildings.
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34
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The Progress in Photoacoustic and Laser Ultrasonic Tomographic Imaging for Biomedicine and Industry: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current paper reviews a set of principles and applications of photoacoustic and laser ultrasonic imaging, developed in the Laser Optoacoustic Laboratories of ILIT RAS, NUST MISiS, and ILC MSU. These applications include combined photoacoustic and laser ultrasonic imaging for biological objects, and tomographic laser ultrasonic imaging of solids. Principles, algorithms, resolution of the developed methods, and related problems are discussed. The review is written in context of the current state-of-art of photoacoustic and laser ultrasonic imaging.
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35
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Li Y, Guo Z, Li G, Chen SL. Miniature fiber-optic high-intensity focused ultrasound device using a candle soot nanoparticles-polydimethylsiloxane composites-coated photoacoustic lens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21700-21711. [PMID: 30130872 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a miniature fiber-optic ultrasound transmitter for generating high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) based on photoacoustic transduction. The HIFU device consists of a fiber and a photoacoustic lens. We develop a simple fabrication procedure for making the photoacoustic lens, which is coated with candle soot nanoparticles-polydimethylsiloxane composites. The fiber is used to deliver pulsed laser for photoacoustic excitation, which facilitates the use of the HIFU device by eliminating the need of free-space optical alignment. The HIFU device (6.5 mm in diameter) produces focused acoustic pressures up to >30 MPa in peak positive with a tight -6-dB focal volume of ~100 μm and ~500 μm in the lateral and axial directions, respectively. Acoustic cavitation induced by the HIFU device is demonstrated. The miniature HIFU device facilitates handheld operation. It holds promise for clinical applications in intraoperative high-precision HIFU therapy. It can even be used for intracavitary therapy with further miniaturization.
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Rajagopal S, Sainsbury T, Treeby BE, Cox BT. Laser generated ultrasound sources using carbon-polymer nanocomposites for high frequency metrology. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:584. [PMID: 30180662 DOI: 10.1121/1.5048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of ultrasound fields generated by diagnostic and therapeutic equipment is an essential requirement for performance validation and to demonstrate compliance against established safety limits. This requires hydrophones calibrated to a traceable standard. Currently, the upper calibration frequency range available to the user community is limited to 60 MHz. However, high frequencies are increasingly being used for both imaging and therapy necessitating calibration frequencies up to 100 MHz. The precise calibration of hydrophones requires a source of high amplitude, broadband, quasi-planar, and stable ultrasound fields. There are challenges to using conventional piezoelectric sources, and laser generated ultrasound sources offer a promising solution. In this study, various nanocomposites consisting of a bulk polymer matrix and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were fabricated and tested using pulsed laser of a few nanoseconds for their suitability as a source for high frequency calibration of hydrophones. The pressure amplitude and bandwidths were measured using a broadband hydrophone from 27 different nanocomposite sources. The effect of nonlinear propagation of high amplitude laser generated ultrasound on bandwidth and the effect of bandlimited sensitivity response on the deconvolved pressure waveform were numerically investigated. The stability of the nanocomposite sources under sustained laser pulse excitation was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Rajagopal
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Sainsbury
- Composites, Adhesives and Polymeric Materials, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley E Treeby
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ben T Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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37
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Alles EJ, Noimark S, Maneas E, Zhang EZ, Parkin IP, Beard PC, Desjardins AE. Video-rate all-optical ultrasound imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3481-3494. [PMID: 30338133 PMCID: PMC6191631 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
All-optical ultrasound imaging, where ultrasound is generated and detected using light, has recently been demonstrated as a viable modality that is inherently insensitive to electromagnetic interference and exhibits wide bandwidths. High-quality 2D and 3D all-optical ultrasound images of tissues have previously been presented; however, to date, long acquisition times (ranging from minutes to hours) have hindered clinical application. Here, we present the first all-optical ultrasound imaging system capable of video-rate, real-time two-dimensional imaging of biological tissue. This was achieved using a spatially extended nano-composite optical ultrasound generator, a highly sensitive fibre-optic acoustic receiver, and eccentric illumination resulting in an acoustic source exhibiting optimal directivity. This source was scanned across a one-dimensional source aperture using a fast galvo mirror, thus enabling the dynamic synthesis of source arrays comprising spatially overlapping sources at non-uniform source separation distances. The resulting system achieved a sustained frame rate of 15 Hz, a dynamic range of 30 dB, a penetration depth of at least 6 mm, a resolution of 75 µm (axial) by 100 µm (lateral), and enabled the dynamics of a pulsating ex vivo carotid artery to be captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin J. Alles
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, UCL Department of Chemistry, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Efthymios Maneas
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
| | - Edward Z. Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, UCL Department of Chemistry, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
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38
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Li G, Guo Z, Chen SL. Miniature all-optical probe for large synthetic aperture photoacoustic-ultrasound imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25023-25035. [PMID: 29041174 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A miniature all-optical probe for high-resolution photoacoustic (PA)-ultrasound (US) imaging using a large synthetic aperture is developed. The probe consists of three optical fibers for PA excitation, US generation, and detection of acoustic waves, respectively. The fiber for PA excitation has a large numerical aperture (NA) for wide-angle laser illumination. On the other hand, the fiber with a carbon black-polydimethylsiloxane composite coated on the end face of the optical fiber is used for wide-angle US transmission through laser-US conversion. Both the excited PA and backscattered US signals are detected by a fiber-tip Fabry-Perot cavity for wide-angle acoustic detection. The probe outer diameter is only ~2 mm. The synergy of the three optical fibers makes a large-NA synthetic aperture focusing technique for high-resolution PA and US imaging possible. High PA lateral resolutions of 104-154 μm and high US lateral resolutions of 64-112 μm over a depth range of > 4 mm are obtained. Compared with other existing miniature PA-US probes, to our knowledge, our probe achieves by far the best performance in terms of lateral resolutions and imaging depth range. The constructed probe has potential for endoscopic and intravascular imaging applications that require PA and US contrasts with high resolutions over a large depth range.
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