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Gatsa O, Tahir S, Flimelová M, Riahi F, Doñate-Buendia C, Gökce B, Bulgakov AV. Unveiling Fundamentals of Multi-Beam Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids toward Scaling up Nanoparticle Production. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:365. [PMID: 38392738 PMCID: PMC10893437 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is a versatile technique to produce high-purity colloidal nanoparticles. Despite considerable recent progress in increasing the productivity of the technique, there is still significant demand for a practical, cost-effective method for upscaling PLAL synthesis. Here we employ and unveil the fundamentals of multi-beam (MB) PLAL. The MB-PLAL upscaling approach can bypass the cavitation bubble, the main limiting factor of PLAL efficiency, by splitting the laser beam into several beams using static diffractive optical elements (DOEs). A multimetallic high-entropy alloy CrFeCoNiMn was used as a model material and the productivity of its nanoparticles in the MB-PLAL setup was investigated and compared with that in the standard single-beam PLAL. We demonstrate that the proposed multi-beam method helps to bypass the cavitation bubble both temporally (lower pulse repetition rates can be used while keeping the optimum processing fluence) and spatially (lower beam scanning speeds are needed) and thus dramatically increases the nanoparticle yield. Time-resolved imaging of the cavitation bubble was performed to correlate the observed production efficiencies with the bubble bypassing. The results suggest that nanoparticle PLAL productivity at the level of g/h can be achieved by the proposed multi-beam strategy using compact kW-class lasers and simple inexpensive scanning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Gatsa
- HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 828, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic; (O.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Shabbir Tahir
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (S.T.); (F.R.); (C.D.-B.); (B.G.)
| | - Miroslava Flimelová
- HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 828, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic; (O.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Farbod Riahi
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (S.T.); (F.R.); (C.D.-B.); (B.G.)
| | - Carlos Doñate-Buendia
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (S.T.); (F.R.); (C.D.-B.); (B.G.)
- GROC·UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. De Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany; (S.T.); (F.R.); (C.D.-B.); (B.G.)
| | - Alexander V. Bulgakov
- HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 828, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic; (O.G.); (M.F.)
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Hauschwitz P, Martan J, Bičišťová R, Beltrami C, Moskal D, Brodsky A, Kaplan N, Mužík J, Štepánková D, Brajer J, Rostohar D, Kopeček J, Prokešová L, Honner M, Lang V, Smrž M, Mocek T. LIPSS-based functional surfaces produced by multi-beam nanostructuring with 2601 beams and real-time thermal processes measurement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22944. [PMID: 34824322 PMCID: PMC8617047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique combination of the ultrashort high-energy pulsed laser system with exceptional beam quality and a novel Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) enables simultaneous production of 2601 spots organized in the square-shaped 1 × 1 mm matrix in less than 0.01 ms. By adjusting the laser and processing parameters each spot can contain Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS, ripples), including high-spatial frequency LIPSS (HFSL) and low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL). DOE placed before galvanometric scanner allows easy integration and stitching of the pattern over larger areas. In addition, the LIPSS formation was monitored for the first time using fast infrared radiometry for verification of real-time quality control possibilities. During the LIPSS fabrication, solidification plateaus were observed after each laser pulse, which enables process control by monitoring heat accumulation or plateau length using a new signal derivation approach. Analysis of solidification plateaus after each laser pulse enabled dynamic calibration of the measurement. Heat accumulation temperatures from 200 to 1000 °C were observed from measurement and compared to the theoretical model. The temperature measurements revealed interesting changes in the physics of the laser ablation process. Moreover, the highest throughput on the area of 40 × 40 mm reached 1910 cm2/min, which is the highest demonstrated throughput of LIPSS nanostructuring, to the best of our knowledge. Thus, showing great potential for the efficient production of LIPSS-based functional surfaces which can be used to improve surface mechanical, biological or optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hauschwitz
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic.
| | - J Martan
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - R Bičišťová
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic
| | - C Beltrami
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - D Moskal
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - A Brodsky
- R&D Department, Holo/Or Ltd, Einstein 13b, 7403617, Ness Tziona, Israel
| | - N Kaplan
- R&D Department, Holo/Or Ltd, Einstein 13b, 7403617, Ness Tziona, Israel
| | - J Mužík
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Štepánková
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Brajer
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic
| | - D Rostohar
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic
| | - J Kopeček
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Prokešová
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - M Honner
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - V Lang
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - M Smrž
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic
| | - T Mocek
- Hilase Centre, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Za Radnici 828, Dolni Brezany, 25241, Czech Republic
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Large-Beam Picosecond Interference Patterning of Metallic Substrates. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204676. [PMID: 33092278 PMCID: PMC7590036 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a method to efficiently use a high-energy pulsed 1.7 ps HiLASE Perla laser system for two beam interference patterning. The newly developed method of large-beam interference patterning permits the production of micro and sub-micron sized features on a treated surface with increased processing throughputs by enlarging the interference area. The limits for beam enlarging are explained and calculated for the used laser source. The formation of a variety of surface micro and nanostructures and their combinations are reported on stainless steel, invar, and tungsten with the maximum fabrication speed of 206 cm2/min. The wettability of selected hierarchical structures combining interference patterns with 2.6 µm periodicity and the nanoscale surface structures on top were analyzed showing superhydrophobic behavior with contact angles of 164°, 156°, and 150° in the case of stainless steel, invar, and tungsten, respectively.
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Štěpánková D, Mužík J, Novák O, Roškot L, Smirnov V, Glebov L, Jelínek M, Smrž M, Lucianetti A, Mocek T. Experimental study on compression of 216-W laser pulses below 2 ps at 1030 nm with chirped volume Bragg grating. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7938-7944. [PMID: 32976468 DOI: 10.1364/ao.400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the characterization of a high-power, chirped volume Bragg grating (CVBG) pulse compressor. It includes measurements of the CVBG's diffraction efficiency, beam profile, beam quality (M2 parameter), pulse spectrum, the CVBG's temperature, and the thermal lens. These parameters were monitored for a wide range of input laser powers and with different clamping forces applied on the CVBG. This analysis was performed with a CPA-based Yb:YAG thin-disk laser system operating at a wavelength of 1030 nm, a 92 kHz repetition rate, 2 ps pulse duration, and an average output power after compression of 216 W (270 W uncompressed), which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported to date using this pulse compression technique.
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Turcicova H, Novak O, Roskot L, Smrz M, Muzik J, Chyla M, Endo A, Mocek T. New observations on DUV radiation at 257 nm and 206 nm produced by a picosecond diode pumped thin-disk laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:24286-24299. [PMID: 31510320 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report new observations on picosecond deep ultraviolet coherent beams generated in a CLBO as the fourth and fifth harmonics of a diode pumped high average power Yb:YAG thin disk laser operating at 77 kHz repetition rate at 1030 nm. The effects of the two-photon absorption were observed, e.g. the modification of phase matching conditions, lowering of the conversion efficiency. The fifth harmonic generation (4ω+1ω) was studied for different time delays between both pump beams and for the case of excess input power of the fundamental. The latter effect suggests a possibility of increasing DUV output at short crystals. The highest output power obtained at 257 nm was 7.6 W and 1 W at 206 nm. To our knowledge these DUV output powers rank among the highest for picosecond pulses at the repetition rate of the order of magnitude of 100 kHz.
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Vyvlečka M, Novák O, Smrž M, Mocek T. High power picosecond parametric mid-IR source tunable between 1.7 and 2.6 μm. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:8412-8417. [PMID: 30461796 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-average-power wavelength-tunable picosecond mid-IR source based on parametric downconversion has been developed. The conversion system consists of two stages, optical parametric generator and optical parametric amplifier (OPA), which are pumped by an Yb:YAG thin-disk laser operated at 77 kHz repetition rate, 1030 nm wavelength, and pulse duration down to 1.3 ps. The signal beam is amplified up to 9.2 W and the idler up to 5.4 W at OPA pumping of 43 W. Tunability between 1.70 and 1.95 μm for the signal and between 2.2 and 2.6 μm for the idler has been achieved. The system is rather simple and power scalable.
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