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Shah IA, Kavitake D, Tiwari S, Devi PB, Reddy GB, Jaiswal KK, Jaiswal AK, Shetty PH. Chemical modification of bacterial exopolysaccharides: Antioxidant properties and health potentials. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100824. [PMID: 39263207 PMCID: PMC11388717 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in the utilization of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) because of the added advantage of their renewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nature in addition to intended applications. The endowed properties of bacterial EPS make them valuable candidates for a wide array of industrial applications. Modification of native EPS is known to enhance various physico-chemical and functional properties. Various modifications such as physical, chemical, biological, and enzymatic modifications were practiced improving the bioactivity of EPS. This paper comprehensively aims to review the most recent chemical modification techniques employed to modify the physico-chemical and functional changes of bacterial EPS in comparison with the unmodified forms. Chemical modification entails strategic alterations to the structure and properties of EPS through various synthetic and semi-synthetic methodologies. Emphasis is given to the antioxidant potential and functional role of these EPS derivatives in human health. Antioxidant properties reveal a significant augmentation in activity compared to their native counterparts. Such enhancement holds a strong promise for potential benefits and therapeutic applications. Chemical derivatives of EPS with overwhelming functional benefits could surely encourage EPS application, particularly as potential hydrocolloids in industrial and biomedical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Digambar Kavitake
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Swati Tiwari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Palanisamy Bruntha Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland
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Jin H, Yao L, Wang S, Xia P, Hou T, Li B, Li J. Effects of KGM and Degradation Products on Appetite Regulation and Energy Expenditure in High-Fat-Diet Mice via the Adipocyte-Hypothalamus Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15765-15777. [PMID: 38970495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM), high-viscosity dietary fiber, is utilized in weight management. Previous investigations on the appetite-suppressing effects of KGM have centered on intestinal responses to nutrients and gastric emptying rates, with less focus on downstream hypothalamic neurons of satiety hormones. In our studies, the molecular mechanisms through which KGM and its degradation products influence energy homeostasis via the adipocyte-hypothalamic axis have been examined. It was found that high-viscosity KGM more effectively stimulates enteroendocrine cells to release glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces ghrelin production, thereby activating hypothalamic neurons and moderating short-term satiety. Conversely, low-viscosity DKGM has been shown to exhibit stronger anti-inflammatory properties in the hypothalamus, enhancing hormone sensitivity and lowering the satiety threshold. Notably, both KGM and DKGM significantly reduced leptin signaling and fatty acid signaling in adipose tissue and activated brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to suppress pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and activate agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression, thereby reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. Additionally, high-viscosity KGM has been found to activate the adipocyte-hypothalamus axis more effectively than DKGM, thereby promoting greater daily energy expenditure. These findings provide novel insights into the adipocyte-hypothalamic axis for KGM to suppress appetite and reduce weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lanlan Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenwan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Lin ZM, Wen JX, Lin DQ, Liu K, Chen YL, Miao S, Cao MJ, Sun LC. Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Degraded Konjac Gum by Abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai) Viscera Enzyme. Foods 2024; 13:2158. [PMID: 38998663 PMCID: PMC11241667 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new degraded konjac glucomannan (DKGM) was prepared using a crude enzyme from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera, and its physicochemical properties were investigated. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the viscosity of KGM obviously decreased from 15,500 mPa·s to 398 mPa·s. The rheological properties analysis of KGM and DKGMs revealed that they were pseudoplastic fluids, and pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, melting temperature, and gelling temperature significantly decreased after enzymatic hydrolysis, especially for KGM-180 and KGM-240. In addition, the molecular weight of KGM decreased from 1.80 × 106 Da, to 0.45 × 106 Da and the polydispersity index increased from 1.17 to 1.83 after 240 min of degradation time. Compared with natural KGM, the smaller particle size distribution of DKGM further suggests enzyme hydrolysis reduces the aggregation of molecular chains with low molecular weight. FT-IR and FESEM analyses showed that the fragmented KMG chain did not affect the structural characteristics of molecular monomers; however, the dense three-dimensional network microstructure formed by intermolecular interaction changed to fragment microstructure after enzyme hydrolysis. These results revealed that the viscosity and rheological properties of KGM could be controlled and effectively changed using crude enzymes from abalone viscera. This work provides theoretical guidance for the promising application of DKGM in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Duan-Quan Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu-Lei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Le-Chang Sun
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Z.-M.L.); (J.-X.W.); (D.-Q.L.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.C.); (M.-J.C.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Deep Processing Technology for Aquatic Products, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
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Xu C, Cheng K, Kang Y, Cheng C, Zhang C, Shang L. Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan with a Slower Hydration Rate Delays Rice Digestion and Weakens Appetite Response. Molecules 2024; 29:1681. [PMID: 38611960 PMCID: PMC11013606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical characteristics of chyme during gastrointestinal digestion are considered to significantly affect nutrient digestion and absorption (such as glucose diffusion), which has an impact on postprandial satiety. The present study aims to analyze the hydration rate (HR) and rheological properties of deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) at different degrees and then explore their effects on rice texture, digestive properties, and the subjects' post-meal appetite. The present results show that, as the deacetylation degree (DD) of KGM increased, the intersection point of the viscoelastic modulus shifted to a high shear rate frequency, and as the swelling time of the DKGM was prolonged, its HR decreased significantly. The results of the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion tests show that the hardness and chewability of the rice in the fast-hydration group (MK1) were remarkably reduced. In contrast, the slow-hydration group (MK5) exhibited an outstanding ability to resist digestion. The kinetics of starch hydrolysis revealed that the HR of the rice in the fast-hydration group was 1.8 times faster than that of the slow-hydration group. Moreover, it was found that the subjects' appetite after the meal was highly related to the HR of the MK. Their hunger (p < 0.001), desire to eat (p < 0.001), and prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) were significantly inhibited in the slow-hydration group (MK5) compared to the control. This study explored the nutritional effects of the hydration properties derived from the DKGM, which may contribute to modifying the high glycemic index food and provide ideas for the fabrication of food with enhanced satiating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China; (C.X.); (K.C.); (C.C.); (C.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
| | - Kaixuan Cheng
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China; (C.X.); (K.C.); (C.C.); (C.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China;
| | - Chao Cheng
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China; (C.X.); (K.C.); (C.C.); (C.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China; (C.X.); (K.C.); (C.C.); (C.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China; (C.X.); (K.C.); (C.C.); (C.Z.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Selenium Resource Research and Biological Application, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445002, China;
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Guo R, Sun X, Kou Y, Song H, Li X, Song L, Zhao T, Zhang H, Li D, Liu Y, Song Z, Wu J, Wu Y. Hydrophobic aggregation via partial Gal removal affects solution characteristics and fine structure of tamarind kernel polysaccharides. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Xiao H, Feng J, Peng J, Wu P, Chang Y, Li X, Wu J, Huang H, Deng H, Qiu M, Yang Y, Du B. Fuc-S-A New Ultrasonic Degraded Sulfated α-l-Fucooligosaccharide-Alleviates DSS-Inflicted Colitis through Reshaping Gut Microbiota and Modulating Host-Microbe Tryptophan Metabolism. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010016. [PMID: 36662189 PMCID: PMC9863236 DOI: 10.3390/md21010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SCOPE The dysbiosis of intestinal microecology plays an important pathogenic role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A polysaccharide named Fuc-S, with a molecular weight of 156 kDa, was prepared by the ultrasonic degradation of fucoidan. Monosaccharide composition, FTIR, methylation, and NMR spectral analysis indicated that Fuc-S may have a backbone consisting of →3)-α-L-Fucp-(1→, →4)-α-L-Fucp-(1→ and →3, 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. Moreover, male C57BL/6 mice were fed three cycles of 1.8% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and then water for 7 days to induce colitis. The longitudinal microbiome alterations were evaluated using 16S amplicon sequencing. In vivo assays showed that Fuc-S significantly improved clinical manifestations, colon shortening, colon injury, and colonic inflammatory cell infiltration associated with DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. Further studies revealed that these beneficial effects were associated with the inhibition of Akt, p-38, ERK, and JNK phosphorylation in the colon tissues, regulating the structure and abundance of the gut microbiota, and modulating the host-microbe tryptophan metabolism of the mice with chronic colitis. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed the presence of glucose in the backbone of fucoidan and provided useful information that Fuc-S can be applied as an effective functional food and pharmaceutical candidate for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinxiu Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jiao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Peigen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China
| | - Yaoyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xianqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Miao Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (B.D.); Tel.: +86-335-8077682 (B.D.)
| | - Bin Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Activity Components and Function, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (B.D.); Tel.: +86-335-8077682 (B.D.)
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Rudtanatip T, Somintara S, Sakaew W, El-Abid J, Cano ME, Jongsomchai K, Wongprasert K, Kovensky J. Sulfated Galactans from Gracilaria fisheri with Supplementation of Octanoyl Promote Wound Healing Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200172. [PMID: 36066490 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated galactans (SG) isolated from Gracilaria fisheri is partially degraded (DSG), and subsequentially supplemented with octanoyl (DSGO) and sulfate (DSGS) groups. The molecular weights of DSG, DSGO, and DSGS are 7.87, 152.79, and 97.07 kDa, respectively. The modification is confirmed using FTIR and NMR, while in vitro wound healing activity is assessed using scratched wound fibroblasts. The results reveal that DSGO exhibits highest percentage of wound closure in scratched fibroblast L929 cells. Furthermore, DSGO is able to promote proliferation and accelerate migration of scratched fibroblasts, which correspond to the regulation of proteins and mRNA (Ki67, p-FAK, vimentin, and E-cadherin) determined by Western blotting and qPCR analysis. The superior wound healing activity of DSGO is also confirmed in excision wound of rats. The results demonstrate that DSGO significantly enhances the percentage of wound closure, re-epithelialization, and collagen arrangement, increases α-smoth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression, and decreases that of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at the wound site. The results suggest that degraded SG supplemented with medium-chain fatty acids of octanoyl group may pass through the membrane, subsequently activating the mediators associated with proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, which can potentially lead to the promotion of wound healing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawut Rudtanatip
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somsuda Somintara
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Sakaew
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Mueang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jamal El-Abid
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) CNRS UMR 7378, Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Maria Emilia Cano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Kamonwan Jongsomchai
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A) CNRS UMR 7378, Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens, 80039, France
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Ye S, Zhu J, Shah BR, Abel Wend-Soo Z, Li J, Zhan F, Li B. Preparation and characterization of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and deacetylated KGM (Da-KGM) obtained by sonication. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4333-4344. [PMID: 35043977 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Konjac glucomannan (KGM) has been widely applied in the food industry as a thickening and gelation agent because of its unique colloidal properties of viscosity enhancement and gelling ability. The current study aimed to prepare and characterize KGM and deacetylated KGM (Da-KGM) samples obtained by sonication in neutral and alkali ethanol-water solutions. RESULTS The results showed that the deacetylation degree (DD) of Da-KGM increased exponentially with alkali concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry further confirmed the deacetylation reaction through the dramatic decrease in the acetyl group band at 1740 cm-1 . Besides, the high similarity among the tested groups in terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra implied a similar crystalline structure, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves revealed that the water binding capacity and decomposition temperature of KGM changed slightly with alkali and sonication treatment. The rheological profiles indicated that apparent viscosity (η0 ) of sonicated KGM samples was unchanged except for the T60 group (60 min sonication treatment). Particularly, ultrasonic treatment under high alkaline conditions (0.10 mol L-1 NaOH) was noted to promote the deacetylation reaction, and the obtained samples showed decreased apparent viscosity and weakened the gelation process in aqueous solution. Partial correction analysis indicated that alkali rather than ultrasonic treatment resulted in the change of DD and η0 in Da-KGM. Moreover, sonication contributed to off-white color by reducing the browning caused by alkali in Da-KGM products. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-mediated heterogeneous deacetylation reaction is a feasible way to prepare Da-KGM samples with lightened browning and controllable DD. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingsong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bakht Ramin Shah
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zongo Abel Wend-Soo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Silva do Nascimento C, Santos BN, Rodrigues S. High‐intensity ultrasound processed acerola juice containing oligosaccharides and dextran promotes
Lacticaseibacillus casei
NRRL B‐442 growth. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda N. Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department Federal University of Ceará Campus do Pici, Bloco 709 CEP 60440‐900 Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Food Engineering Department Federal University of Ceará Campus do Pici, Bloco 858 CEP 60440‐900 Fortaleza CE Brazil
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Wu DT, He Y, Fu MX, Gan RY, Hu YC, Peng LX, Zhao G, Zou L. Structural characteristics and biological activities of a pectic-polysaccharide from okra affected by ultrasound assisted metal-free Fenton reaction. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ye S, Zongo AWS, Shah BR, Li J, Li B. Konjac Glucomannan (KGM), Deacetylated KGM (Da-KGM), and Degraded KGM Derivatives: A Special Focus on Colloidal Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12921-12932. [PMID: 34713703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Konjac flour, mainly obtained and purified from the tubers ofAmorphophallus konjac C. Koch, yields a high molecular weight (Mw) and viscous hydrocolloidal polysaccharide: konjac glucomannan (KGM). KGM has been widely applied in the food industry as a thickening and gelation agent as a result of its unique colloidal properties of effective viscosity enhancement and thermal-irreversible gelling. This review first narrates the typical commercial KGM source species, the industrial production, and the purification process of KGM flour. The structural information on native KGM, gelation mechanisms of alkali-induced deacetylated KGM (Da-KGM) hydrogel, progress on degraded KGM derivatives, cryoprotection effect, and colloidal nutrition are highlighted. Finally, the regulatory requirements of konjac flour and KGM among different countries are briefly introduced. The fine structure and physicochemical properties of KGM can be regulated in a great range via the deacetylation or degradation reaction. Here, the relationship between the physicochemical properties, such as viscosity, solubility, gelation, and nutritional effects, of native KGM, Da-KGM, and degraded KGM derivatives was preliminary established, which would provide theoretical guidance for designing KGM-based products with certain nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bakht Ramin Shah
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yang W. Preparation of konjac oligoglucomannans with different molecular weights and their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. Open Life Sci 2021; 15:799-807. [PMID: 33817267 PMCID: PMC7747514 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, konjac oligoglucomannan (KOGM) was obtained with a hydrolysis rate of 56.24% by controlling the hydrolysis conditions. KOGM was passed through a 0.2 kDa dialysis bag, a 3 kDa ultrafiltration tube, and a 5 kDa ultrafiltration tube, creating samples with molecular weights of 0.2–3 kDa (IV), 3–5 kDa (III), and >5 kDa (II), respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the KOGM samples were tested by measuring their removal effects on ˙OH, O2−\documentclass[10pt]{article}\usepackage{wasysym}
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{\text{O}}_{2}^{-}
\end{document}, and DPPH˙. The in vivo antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed by measuring their impacts on the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity in mice. The results show that the KOGM samples in groups III and IV could effectively remove ˙OH, O2−\documentclass[10pt]{article}\usepackage{wasysym}
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{\text{O}}_{2}^{-}
\end{document}, and DPPH˙; the KOGM samples in all three groups could enhance the SOD and GSH-PX activities and reduce the MDA content in the liver tissues of mice; finally, the antioxidant activity of KOGM is negatively correlated with the molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
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13
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Nachtigall C, Rohm H, Jaros D. Degradation of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria by Thermal, Chemical, Enzymatic and Ultrasound Stresses. Foods 2021; 10:396. [PMID: 33670305 PMCID: PMC7917928 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
During isolation, exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria are subject of thermal, chemical, enzymatic or ultrasound stress of different intensity that may affect macromolecular properties, for instance molecular mass or (intrinsic) viscosity. These parameters are, however, crucial, as they are associated with the technofunctional potential of EPS replacing commercial thickeners in nonfermented products. The aim of this study was to systematically examine treatments EPS are usually exposed to during isolation and to investigate the underlying degradation mechanisms. Solutions (1.0 g/L) of EPS from Streptococcus thermophilus, isolated as gently as possible, and commercial dextran were analyzed for molecular mass distributions as representative measure of molecule alterations. Generally, acid, excessive heat and ultrasonication, intensified by simultaneous application, showed EPS degradation effects. Thus, recommendations are given for isolation protocols. Ultrasonic degradation at 114 W/cm² fitted into the random chain scission model and followed third- (S. thermophilus EPS) or second-order kinetics (dextran). The degradation rate constant reflects the sensitivity to external stresses and was DGCC7710 EPS > DGCC7919 EPS > dextran > ST143 EPS. Due to their exceptional structural heterogeneity, the differences could not be linked to individual features. The resulting molecular mass showed good correlation (r² = 0.99) with dynamic viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nachtigall
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Rohm
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Doris Jaros
- Chair of Food Engineering, Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Cui R, Zhu F. Ultrasound modified polysaccharides: A review of structure, physicochemical properties, biological activities and food applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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An efficient and simple approach for the controlled preparation of partially degraded konjac glucomannan. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Hypoglycemic effects and mechanism of different molecular weights of konjac glucomannans in type 2 diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2231-2243. [PMID: 33058981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a hypoglycemic polysaccharide with a wide range of molecular weights. But study on hypoglycemic effects of KGMs relate to molecular weight is limited. In this study, KGMs with high and medium molecular weights, and the degraded KGMs were analyzed with physicochemical properties, hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms. Results showed that as the molecular weight KGMs decreased, the viscosity decreased, molecular flexibility increased, while chemical groups, crystal structures and main chains showed little change. KGMs with medium molecular weights (KGM-M1, KGM-M2) showed better effects on increasing body weight, decreasing levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and enhancing integrity of pancreas and colon, than KGMs with high or low molecular weights (KGM-H, KGM-L) in type 2 diabetic rats. Mechanism analysis suggested that KGM-M1 and KGM-M2 had higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on elevating superoxide dismutase, decreasing malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Moreover, KGM-M1 and KGM-M2 increased gut microbiota diversity, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Muribaculaceae, decreased Romboutsia and Klebsiella, and improved 6 diabetic related metabolites. Combined, KGM-M1 and KGM-M2 showed higher hypoglycemic effects, due to regulatory activities of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, intestinal microbiota, and relieved metabolic disorders.
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17
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Yuan D, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X. Ultrasonic degradation effects on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of polysaccharide from Sargassum pallidum. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116230. [PMID: 32414439 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound degradation on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides (SpPS). The results indicated that the ultrasound irradiation could significantly decrease the average molecule weight (MW), and particle size (Zavg) of native SpPS. The degradation pattern of SpPS was closely fitted to the first-order polymer degradation (random chain scission). The primary structure of SpPS before and after ultrasound degradation was not changed, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of SpPS was different from those of the degraded SpPS fractions. Rheological analysis indicated that the degraded SpPS solutions exhibited lower apparent viscosities than native SpPS solution at the same concentration, while the elasticity of the degraded fractions at a certain extent was enhanced. Furthermore, appropriately degraded SpPS fractions exhibited stronger DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China.
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18
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Mao YH, Song AX, Li LQ, Yang Y, Yao ZP, Wu JY. A high-molecular weight exopolysaccharide from the Cs-HK1 fungus: Ultrasonic degradation, characterization and in vitro fecal fermentation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116636. [PMID: 32747271 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work was to examine the impact of power ultrasound (US) on the molecular properties of a high-molecular weight (MW) exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cs-HK1 medicinal fungus and the utilization, and prebiotic function of the US-treated EPS fractions in human fecal microflora in vitro. The US treatment caused notable reduction of intrinsic viscosity, average MW and aggregate size of EPS in water but no significant changes in the molecular structure. The US-treated EPS fractions were consumed more rapidly by the fecal microflora, resulting in a higher total level of short chain fatty acids. They also affected the relative abundance in the microflora more beneficially than the original EPS. The results suggest that power US is effective for modifying and improving the prebiotic properties of high-MW polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Mao
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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19
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Molecular properties and gut health benefits of enzyme-hydrolyzed konjac glucomannans. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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