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Shah SV, Lamba BY, Tiwari AK, Sharma R. Self-flocculation behaviour of cellulose-based bioflocculant synthesized from sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:725-736. [PMID: 38582779 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The global energy crisis has spurred a shift from conventional to clean and sustainable energy sources. Biomass derived from microalgae is emerging as an alternative energy source with diverse applications. Despite the numerous advantages of microalgae, large-scale biomass harvesting is not economical and convenient. Self-flocculation is considered an effective phenomenon facilitated by extracting the flocculating substances from microalgae that assist aggregation of algal cells into flocs. A novel cellulose-based bioflocculant has been synthesized from sewage water grown Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus abundans for harvesting application. The produced bioflocculant amounted to 38.5% and 19.38% of the dry weight of S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively. Analysis via FTIR, XRD, and FESEM-EDX revealed the presence of cellulose hydroxyapatite (HA) in algae-derived cellulose. Harvesting efficiencies of 95.3% and 89.16% were attained for S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively, at a dosage of 0.5 g/L. Furthermore, the bioflocculant was recovered, enabling its reuse with recovery efficiencies of 52% and 10% for S. abundans and C. sorokiniana, respectively. This simple and efficient approach has the potential to replace other harvesting methods, thereby contributing to the economic algal biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Vilas Shah
- School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawna Yadav Lamba
- School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
- Centre for Alternate Energy Research (CAER), UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Avanish K Tiwari
- Centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, VIKALP (Nai Dishayen), New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Zhang X, Lu Q. Cultivation of microalgae in food processing effluent for pollution attenuation and astaxanthin production: a review of technological innovation and downstream application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1365514. [PMID: 38572356 PMCID: PMC10987718 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1365514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Valorization of food processing effluent (FPE) by microalgae cultivation for astaxanthin production is regarded as a potential strategy to solve the environmental pollution of food processing industry and promote the development of eco-friendly agriculture. In this review paper, microalgal species which have the potential to be employed for astaxanthin in FPE were identified. Additionally, in terms of CO2 emission, the performances of microalgae cultivation and traditional methods for FPE remediation were compared. Thirdly, an in-depth discussion of some innovative technologies, which may be employed to lower the total cost, improve the nutrient profile of FPE, and enhance the astaxanthin synthesis, was provided. Finally, specific effects of dietary supplementation of algal astaxanthin on the growth rate, immune response, and pigmentation of animals were discussed. Based on the discussion of this work, the cultivation of microalgae in FPE for astaxanthin production is a value-adding process which can bring environmental benefits and ecological benefits to the food processing industry and agriculture. Particularly, technological innovations in recent years are promoting the shift of this new idea from academic research to practical application. In the coming future, with the reduction of the total cost of algal astaxanthin, policy support from the governments, and further improvement of the innovative technologies, the concept of growing microalgae in FPE for astaxanthin will be more applicable in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
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3
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Kong W, Kong J, Feng S, Yang T, Xu L, Shen B, Bi Y, Lyu H. Cultivation of microalgae-bacteria consortium by waste gas-waste water to achieve CO 2 fixation, wastewater purification and bioproducts production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 38360745 PMCID: PMC10870688 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The cultivation of microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia provide a potential efficient strategy to fix CO2 from waste gas, treat wastewater and produce value-added products subsequently. This paper reviews recent developments in CO2 fixation and wastewater treatment by single microalgae, mixed microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia, as well as compares and summarizes the differences in utilizing different microorganisms from different aspects. Compared to monoculture of microalgae, a mixed microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortium may mitigate environmental risk, obtain high biomass, and improve the efficiency of nutrient removal. The applied microalgae include Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Pediastrum sp., and Phormidium sp. among others, and most strains belong to Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. The bacteria in microalgae-bacteria consortia are mainly from activated sludge and specific sewage sources. Bioengineer in CBB cycle in microalgae cells provide effective strategy to achieve improvement of CO2 fixation or a high yield of high-value products. The mechanisms of CO2 fixation and nutrient removal by different microbial systems are also explored and concluded, the importance of microalgae in the technology is proven. After cultivation, microalgae biomass can be harvested through physical, chemical, biological and magnetic separation methods and used to produce high-value by-products, such as biofuel, feed, food, biochar, fertilizer, and pharmaceutical bio-compounds. Although this technology has brought many benefits, some challenging obstacles and limitation remain for industrialization and commercializing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - TianTian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianfei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Pollution Control in Power System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Woern C, Grossmann L. Microbial gas fermentation technology for sustainable food protein production. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108240. [PMID: 37647973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel, sustainable, and robust food production technologies represents one of the major pillars to address the most significant challenges humanity is going to face on earth in the upcoming decades - climate change, population growth, and resource depletion. The implementation of microfoods, i.e., foods formulated with ingredients from microbial cultivation, into the food supply chain has a huge potential to contribute towards energy-efficient and nutritious food manufacturing and represents a means to sustainably feed a growing world population. This review recapitulates and assesses the current state in the establishment and usage of gas fermenting bacteria as an innovative feedstock for protein production. In particular, we focus on the most promising representatives of this taxon: the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (hydrogenotrophs) and the methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). These unicellular microorganisms can aerobically metabolize gaseous hydrogen and methane, respectively, to provide the required energy for building up cell material. A protein yield over 70% in the dry matter cell mass can be reached with no need for arable land and organic substrates making it a promising alternative to plant- and animal-based protein sources. We illuminate the holistic approach to incorporate protein extracts obtained from the cultivation of gas fermenting bacteria into microfoods. Herein, the fundamental properties of the bacteria, cultivation methods, downstream processing, and potential food applications are discussed. Moreover, this review covers existing and future challenges as well as sustainability aspects associated with the production of microbial protein through gas fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Woern
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lutz Grossmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Wang J, Qin S, Lin J, Wang Q, Li W, Gao Y. Phycobiliproteins from microalgae: research progress in sustainable production and extraction processes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:170. [PMID: 37941077 PMCID: PMC10634026 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs), one of the functional proteins from algae, are natural pigment-protein complex containing various amino acids and phycobilins. It has various activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. And are potential for applications in food, cosmetics, and biomedicine. Improving their metabolic yield is of great interest. Microalgaes are one of the important sources of PBPs, with high growth rate and have the potential for large-scale production. The key to large-scale PBPs production depends on accumulation and recovery of massive productive alga in the upstream stage and the efficiency of microalgae cells breakup and extract PBPs in the downstream stage. Therefore, we reviewed the status quo in the research and development of PBPs production, summarized the advances in each stage and the feasibility of scaled-up production, and demonstrated challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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6
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Xu H, Wang H, Liang Z, Chen H, Yang D, Tang Z, Dai X. A novel biomineralization-inspired flocculation approach for harvesting high quality microalgal biomass: Dual action of cationic polyelectrolytes and nanosilica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129739. [PMID: 37696333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This study posed a novel biomimetic flocculation approach, aiming to efficiently harvest high-quality biomass of Scenedesmus quadricauda cultured with anaerobic digestate. Here, that poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) could serve as mimetic silicified proteins to spontaneously incorporate nanosilica onto microalgal cells, imparting diatom-like characteristics to S. quadricauda. Compared to the exponential growth phase (day 3), the highest harvesting efficiency (93.49%) was obtained at a lower dosage of PDADMAC (5 mg/g) in the stationary phase (day 6), which was attributed to changes in properties and composition of microalgal LB-EPS. On day 6, the hydrophobic functional groups in LB-EPS provided more binding sites during the flocculation process and formed a network structure of microalgal cells-flocculants-nanosilica. The resulting larger and more stable biomimetic silica shell promoted microalgal flocculation and sedimentation. Compared to conventional harvesting methods (centrifugation, polyacrylamide, alkaline flocculation), this method had the minimal negative impact on harvested biomass, with 9.95% of cell membranes damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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7
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Xiong W, Peng Y, Ma W, Xu X, Zhao Y, Wu J, Tang R. Microalgae-material hybrid for enhanced photosynthetic energy conversion: a promising path towards carbon neutrality. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad200. [PMID: 37671320 PMCID: PMC10476897 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic energy conversion for high-energy chemicals generation is one of the most viable solutions in the quest for sustainable energy towards carbon neutrality. Microalgae are fascinating photosynthetic organisms, which can directly convert solar energy into chemical energy and electrical energy. However, microalgal photosynthetic energy has not yet been applied on a large scale due to the limitation of their own characteristics. Researchers have been inspired to couple microalgae with synthetic materials via biomimetic assembly and the resulting microalgae-material hybrids have become more robust and even perform new functions. In the past decade, great progress has been made in microalgae-material hybrids, such as photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation, photosynthetic hydrogen production, photoelectrochemical energy conversion and even biochemical energy conversion for biomedical therapy. The microalgae-material hybrid offers opportunities to promote artificially enhanced photosynthesis research and synchronously inspires investigation of biotic-abiotic interface manipulation. This review summarizes current construction methods of microalgae-material hybrids and highlights their implication in energy and health. Moreover, we discuss the current problems and future challenges for microalgae-material hybrids and the outlook for their development and applications. This review will provide inspiration for the rational design of the microalgae-based semi-natural biohybrid and further promote the disciplinary fusion of material science and biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiyan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Weimin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School & School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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Mussagy CU, Kot A, Dufossé L, Gonçalves CNDP, Pereira JFB, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Raghavan V, Pessoa A. Microbial astaxanthin: from bioprocessing to the market recognition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12586-1. [PMID: 37233757 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The attractive biological properties and health benefits of natural astaxanthin (AXT), including its antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties, have garnered significant attention from academia and industry seeking natural alternatives to synthetic products. AXT, a red ketocarotenoid, is mainly produced by yeast, microalgae, wild or genetically engineered bacteria. Unfortunately, the large fraction of AXT available in the global market is still obtained using non-environmentally friendly petrochemical-based products. Due to the consumers concerns about synthetic AXT, the market of microbial-AXT is expected to grow exponentially in succeeding years. This review provides a detailed discussion of AXT's bioprocessing technologies and applications as a natural alternative to synthetic counterparts. Additionally, we present, for the first time, a very comprehensive segmentation of the global AXT market and suggest research directions to improve microbial production using sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. KEY POINTS: • Unlock the power of microorganisms for high value AXT production. • Discover the secrets to cost-effective microbial AXT processing. • Uncover the future opportunities in the AXT market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2260000, Quillota, Chile.
| | - Anna Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 9, 97744, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Carmem N D P Gonçalves
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Valeria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Xu H, Tang Z, Yang D, Dai X, Chen H. Enhanced growth and auto-flocculation of Scenedesmus quadricauda in anaerobic digestate using high light intensity and nanosilica: A biomineralization-inspired strategy. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119893. [PMID: 36989808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coupling municipal anaerobic digestate (MAD) treatments with microalgal cultivation can concomitantly achieve nutrient removal and microalgal bioenergy production. However, the high cost caused by dilution water and microalgal harvesting is a great challenge. In this study, Scenedesmus quadricauda was screened as the most appropriate algae strain due to its potential for growth and auto-flocculation, and the MAD diluted 5-fold with WWTP effluent was demonstrated as an ideal medium for S. quadricauda growth. Moreover, inspired by naturally generated silica shells of diatoms, a low-cost and biomimetic auto-flocculation strategy that combined high light intensity induction and microalgal silicification was proposed to accelerate the auto-flocculation process. Compared with low light intensity groups, this strategy imparted diatom-like features to S. quadricauda cells, and contributed to 3.07-fold higher auto-flocculation efficiency within 30 min. It was attributed to the fact that the high light intensity of 150 μmol·m - 2·s - 1 stimulated the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion and induced the variation in property and composition of EPS, especially the protein secondary structures, which allowed silica nanoparticles to spontaneously attach onto S. quadricauda cells in the presence of viscous EPS. Furthermore, this strategy significantly increased microalgal biomass yield to a dry weight of 1.37 g·L - 1, accompanied by 93.78%, 96.39% and 91.36% removals of NH4+-N, TP, and COD, respectively. The productivity of valuable by-products, including lipid, carbohydrate, protein, and pigment, reached 56.30, 101.35, 30.39 and 11.28 mg·L - 1·d - 1, respectively. Overall, this study supplies a novel approach for low-cost microalgal bioenergy production from MAD and energy-efficient microalgae harvest by auto-flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Donghai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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10
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Liang X, Wu M, Yang Y, Liu D, Li X. Shale gas hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid treatment using a modified vortex flocculation reactor: Effects of the axial and tangential inlet angles. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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11
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Tran HD, Ong BN, Ngo VT, Tran DL, Nguyen TC, Tran-Thi BH, Do TT, Nguyen TML, Nguyen XH, Melkonian M. New Angled Twin-layer Porous Substrate Photobioreactors for Cultivation of Nannochloropsis oculata. Protist 2022; 173:125914. [PMID: 36270076 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An angled twin-layer porous substrate photobioreactor (TL-PSBR) using LED light was designed to cultivate Nannochloropsis oculata. Flocculation and sedimentation by modification of pH to 11 were determined as the optimal method for harvesting the N. oculata inoculum. The following optimised parameters were found: tilt angle 15°, Kraft 220 g m-2 paper as substrate material, initial inoculum density of 12.5 g m-2, 140 µmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity, and a light/dark cycle of 6:6 (h). Test cultivation for 14 days was performed under optimised conditions. The total dried biomass standing crop was 75.5 g m-2 growth area with an average productivity of 6.3 g m-2 d-1, the productivity per volume of used culture medium was 126.2 mg/L d-1, total lipid content 21.9% (w/w), and the highest productivity of total lipids was 1.33 g m-2 d-1. The dry algal biomass contained 3% eicosapentaenoic acid (w/w), 3.7% palmitoleic acid (w/w), and 513 mg kg-1 vitamin E. The optimisation of N. oculata cultivation on an angled TL-PSBR system yielded promising results, and applications for commercial products need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, 72009 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Research and Technology Transfer HUFI, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, 72009 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Binh-Nguyen Ong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Vinh-Tuong Ngo
- Institute of Applied Research and Technology Transfer HUFI, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, 72009 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dai-Long Tran
- Van Lang University, Nguyen Khac Nhu Street, Co Giang Ward, Distric 01, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Bich-Huy Tran-Thi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Hochiminh City 72820, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Tri Do
- Faculty of Biology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, District Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran-Minh-Ly Nguyen
- Faculty of Business Administration, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Akademiestraße 6, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Xuan-Hoang Nguyen
- International Medical Consultants Ltd. Company, No 9, Lot A, Group 100, Hoang Cau, O Cho Dua Ward, Dong Da District, Hanoi 11511, Viet Nam
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Group Integrative Bioinformatics, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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12
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Oh YK, Kim S, Ilhamsyah DPA, Lee SG, Kim JR. Cell disruption and lipid extraction from Chlorella species for biorefinery applications: Recent advances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128183. [PMID: 36307027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella is a promising microalga for CO2-neutral biorefinery that co-produces drop-in biofuels and multiple biochemicals. Cell disruption and selective lipid extraction steps are major technical bottlenecks in biorefinement because of the inherent robustness and complexity of algal cell walls. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art achievements in cell disruption and lipid extraction methods for Chlorella species within the last five years. Various chemical, physical, and biological approaches have been detailed theoretically, compared, and discussed in terms of the degree of cell wall disruption, lipid extractability, chemical toxicity, cost-effectiveness, energy use, scalability, customer preferences, environment friendliness, and synergistic combinations of different methods. Future challenges and prospects of environmental-friendly and efficient extraction technologies are also outlined for practical applications in sustainable Chlorella biorefineries. Given the diverse industrial applications of Chlorella, this review may provide useful information for downstream processing of the advanced biorefineries of other algae genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangui Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sun-Gu Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhou J, Jia Y, Gong X, Liu H, Sun C. Time-Resolved Kinetic Measurement of Microalgae Agglomeration for Screening of Polysaccharides-Based Coagulants/Flocculants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14610. [PMID: 36361487 PMCID: PMC9657197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved monitoring of microalgae agglomeration facilitates screening of coagulants/flocculants (CFs) from numerous biopolymer candidates. Herein, a filtering-flowing analysis (FFA) apparatus was developed in which dispersed microalgal cells were separated from coagulates and flocs formed by CFs and pumped into spectrophotometer for real-time quantification. Polysaccharides-based CFs for Microcystis aeruginosa and several other microalgae were tested. Cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (CHEC), chitosan quaternary ammonium (CQA) and cationic guar gum (CGG) all triggered coagulation obeying a pseudo-second-order model. Maximal coagulation efficiencies were achieved at their respective critical dosages, i.e., 0.086 g/gM.a. CHEC, 0.022 g/gM.a. CQA, and 0.216 g/gM.a. CGG. Although not active independently, bacterial exopolysaccharides (BEPS) aided coagulation of M. aeruginosa and allowed near 100% flocculation efficiency when 0.115 g/gM.a. CQA and 1.44 g/gM.a. xanthan were applied simultaneously. The apparatus is applicable to other microalgae species including Spirulina platensis, S. maxima, Chlorella vulgaris and Isochrysis galbana. Bio-based CFs sorted out using this apparatus could help develop cleaner processes for both remediation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and microalgae-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaobei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
- Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Bengbu 233010, China
| | - Chengwu Sun
- Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Bengbu 233010, China
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14
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Fungal Contamination in Microalgal Cultivation: Biological and Biotechnological Aspects of Fungi-Microalgae Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101099. [PMID: 36294664 PMCID: PMC9605242 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the increasing interest in microalgae as sources of new biomolecules and environmental remediators stimulated scientists’ investigations and industrial applications. Nowadays, microalgae are exploited in different fields such as cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and as human and animal food supplements. Microalgae can be grown using various cultivation systems depending on their final application. One of the main problems in microalgae cultivations is the possible presence of biological contaminants. Fungi, among the main contaminants in microalgal cultures, are able to influence the production and quality of biomass significantly. Here, we describe fungal contamination considering both shortcomings and benefits of fungi-microalgae interactions, highlighting the biological aspects of this interaction and the possible biotechnological applications.
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15
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Qi S, Chen J, Hu Y, Hu Z, Zhan X, Stengel DB. Low energy harvesting of hydrophobic microalgae (Tribonema sp.) by electro-flotation without coagulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155866. [PMID: 35568179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have great potential for biofuel production and wastewater treatment, but the high cost of harvesting hinders their practical application. In this study, economical harvesting of hydrophobic microalgae by electro-flotation without coagulation was assessed. The harvesting performance of this method for selected species of freshwater microalgae with different degrees of hydrophobicity (Tribonema sp., highly hydrophobic; Scenedesmus sp., moderately hydrophobic; and Pandorina sp., hydrophilic) were compared. It was found that microalgal hydrophobicity played a critical role in electro-flotation. Under the same condition (current 0.3 A, velocity gradient 200 s-1, biomass concentration 1 g/L), Tribonema sp. could be effectively harvested (96.2 ± 0.4%) after 20 min of electro-flotation, while the harvesting efficiency decreased significantly with Scenedesmus sp. (70.1 ± 5.2%, 20 min) and Pandorina sp. (<10%, 1 h). The influences of current, electrolysis time, mixing intensity (velocity gradient) and biomass concentration on Tribonema sp. (hydrophobic) harvesting were further investigated. Increasing the current within a certain range (0.1 A-0.4 A) was beneficial to harvesting, while it's further increase decreased floating velocity, which was similar to the effect of the velocity gradient. Under the optimal condition, the harvesting efficiency of Tribonema sp. was 96.3% and the energy consumption (0.19 kWh/kg biomass) was much lower than other harvesting techniques, indicating that electro-flotation is a time-saving and economical approach for hydrophobic microalgae harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qi
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jingrou Chen
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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16
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Optimization of Air Flotation and the Combination of Air Flotation and Membrane Filtration in Microalgae Harvesting. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On account of its small size and poor sedimentation performance, microalgae harvesting is restricted from a wider application. Air flotation is an efficient and fast solid–liquid separation technology, which has the potential to overcome the impediments of microalgae harvesting. In this study, factors influencing microalgae harvesting by air flotation were investigated. The results illustrated that bound extracellular organic matter (bEOM) had a greater effect on microalgae harvesting by air flotation, compared with dissolved extracellular organic matter (dEOM). Microalgae harvesting by air flotation in different growth stages proceeded, and the effect of air flotation in the heterotrophic stage was better than the autotrophic stage. The molecular weight distributions demonstrated that after air flotation, the proportion of high MW substance increased, while the proportion of low MW substance decreased, regardless of whether dEOM or bEOM. Membrane filtration was carried out for the algal solutions before and after air flotation. The membrane of pre-flotation algal solution had a higher critical flux of 51 L/m2·h than that of no-pre-flotation (24 L/m2·h), and, thus, pre-flotation had an active effect on membrane filtration in microalgae harvesting. Moreover, the combination of air flotation and membrane filtration provided an efficient technology for microalgae harvesting.
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17
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Loke Show P. Global market and economic analysis of microalgae technology: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 357:127329. [PMID: 35589045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been a promising alternative source of high-value compounds to replace the non-sustainable fossil fuels resource. The recent research development of algae-based bioproducts has remarkable impact various industries section for its renewability, efficiency, and environmentally friendly crops over those synthetic-made product. However, by utilizing microalgae biomass toward their full potential is still limited due to lack of research funding, social acceptability and challenges in policy implementation. This present review highlights the various microalgae biotechnology with consideration of economical aspect for the global potential of algae market, comparison between the microalgae market in Malaysia and international countries. In addition, the cultivation technologies and feasibility of microalgae biomass production globally, followed by insightful challenges and future development of microalgae industry are mentioned. The current study will contribute to the understanding of upstream and downstream of microalgae processing along with technical economical understandings for the successful commercialisation of microalgae products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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18
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Ren B, Weitzel KA, Duan X, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. A comprehensive review on algae removal and control by coagulation-based processes: mechanism, material, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Hong JS, Shin W, Nam H, Yun JH, Kim HS, Ahn KH. Sedimentation and Rheological Study of Microalgal Cell (Chlorella sp. HS2) Suspension. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Lu L, Liu X, Zhu X, Wang L, Liu C, Rao Y. Cercosporin-bioinspired photoinactivation of harmful cyanobacteria under natural sunlight via bifunctional mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118242. [PMID: 35259559 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs), mainly caused by eutrophication, have deleterious impacts on water resources and pose a great threat to human health and natural ecosystems. Thus, an environmentally-friendly method to inhibit HCBs is urgently needed. Learning from nature, herein, natural product cercosporin, produced by the fungi Cercospora to damage plant cells under natural sunlight, was developed as a powerful photosensitive algicidal reagent to inhibit HCBs. Microcystis aeruginosa could be severely inactivated by 20 μM cercosporin in 36 h with 95% inhibition ratio under 23 W compact fluorescent light irradiation. Further mechanism investigation showed that algal cell walls and membranes along with the antioxidant and photosynthetic systems were damaged via two mechanisms, those being, reactive oxygen species generation and cell adsorption. More importantly, the practical applicability of cercosporin was demonstrated by its effectiveness in a 2 L-scale photoinactivation experiment using cyanobacterial blooms from Taihu Lake, China under natural sunlight with a lower dosage of cercosporin (7.5 μM). This study established the bifunctional mechanisms by which cercosporin inactivates HCBs, opening design possibilities for the development of novel photosensitive algicidal reagents to control HCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Liushen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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21
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Prabha S, Vijay AK, Paul RR, George B. Cyanobacterial biorefinery: Towards economic feasibility through the maximum valorization of biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152795. [PMID: 34979226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well known for their plethora of applications in the fields of food industry, pharmaceuticals and bioenergy. Their simple growth requirements, remarkable growth rate and the ability to produce a wide range of bio-active compounds enable them to act as an efficient biorefinery for the production of valuable metabolites. Most of the cyanobacteria based biorefineries are targeting single products and thus fails to meet the efficient valorization of biomass. On the other hand, multiple products recovering cyanobacterial biorefineries can efficiently valorize the biomass with minimum to zero waste generation. But there are plenty of bottlenecks and challenges allied with cyanobacterial biorefineries. Most of them are being associated with the production processes and downstream strategies, which are difficult to manage economically. There is a need to propose new solutions to eliminate these tailbacks so on to elevate the cyanobacterial biorefinery to be an economically feasible, minimum waste generating multiproduct biorefinery. Cost-effective approaches implemented from production to downstream processing without affecting the quality of products will be beneficial for attaining economic viability. The integrated approaches in cultivation systems as well as downstream processing, by simplifying individual processes to unit operation systems can obviously increase the economic feasibility to a certain extent. Low cost approaches for biomass production, multiparameter optimization and successive sequential retrieval of multiple value-added products according to their high to low market value from a biorefinery is possible. The nanotechnological approaches in cyanobacterial biorefineries make it one step closer to the goal. The current review gives an overview of strategies used for constructing self-sustainable- economically feasible- minimum waste generating; multiple products based cyanobacterial biorefineries by the efficient valorization of biomass. Also the possibility of uplifting new cyanobacterial strains for biorefineries is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syama Prabha
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Aravind K Vijay
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Rony Rajan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Basil George
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India.
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22
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Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR, Ennaceri H. Microalgal dewatering with focus on filtration and antifouling strategies: A review. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Udayan A, Sirohi R, Sreekumar N, Sang BI, Sim SJ. Mass cultivation and harvesting of microalgal biomass: Current trends and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126406. [PMID: 34826565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms capable of producing high-value metabolites like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, and other high-value metabolites. Microalgal biomass gained more interest for the production of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, therapeutics, food supplements, feed, biofuel, bio-fertilizers, etc. due to its high lipid and other high-value metabolite content. Microalgal biomass has the potential to convert trapped solar energy to organic materials and potential metabolites of nutraceutical and industrial interest. They have higher efficiency to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and subsequently convert it into biomass and compounds of potential interest. However, to make microalgae a potential industrial candidate, cost-effective cultivation systems and harvesting methods for increasing biomass yield and reducing the cost of downstream processing have become extremely urgent and important. In this review, the current development in different microalgal cultivation systems and harvesting methods has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Udayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul South Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhin Sreekumar
- Accubits Invent, Accubits Technologies Inc., Thiruvananthapuram 695 004, Kerala, India
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul South Korea.
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24
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Paria K, Pyne S, Chakraborty SK. Optimization of heavy metal (lead) remedial activities of fungi Aspergillus penicillioides (F12) through extra cellular polymeric substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131874. [PMID: 34426280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater imposes a great threat to any ecosystem across the world, especially the aquatic one because of the different anthropogenic activities of human beings. The present study emphasizes the optimization of ecological parameters [pH, time (h) and temperature (°C)] employing Box-Behnken design (BBD) to achieve better bio-adsorption of a selected heavy metal [lead (Pb II)] from the wastewater through an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of a benthic fungus, Aspergillus penicillioides (F12) (MN210327). The relevant statistical analysis (ANOVA) has enabled to record of the optimized bio-adsorption (73.14 %) of lead (Pb II) by fungal EPS at pH (8.85) and temperature (32 °C) for a duration of 5.74 h. Besides that, at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L of EPS, the flocculating rate was noted to be highest (88.4 %) in kaolin clay and the 50 % emulsifying activity. This investigation has also opened up new vistas on the possibility of the development of an alternative method of eco-sustainable bioremediation of heavy metals by fungal EPS on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishalay Paria
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, 721102, West Bengal, India.
| | - Smritikana Pyne
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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25
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Rossi S, Visigalli S, Castillo Cascino F, Mantovani M, Mezzanotte V, Parati K, Canziani R, Turolla A, Ficara E. Metal-based flocculation to harvest microalgae: a look beyond separation efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149395. [PMID: 34426344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based flocculants are commonly used for biomass harvesting in microalgae-based bio-refineries. Besides the high separation efficiency, additional aspects should be considered, related to the toxicity of metals for the algal biomass. Partitioning tests for commonly used flocculants (i.e., FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3) showed that metals were mostly transferred to the solid phase with more than 95% of dosed metal ending up into the biomass, and low metal concentrations in the liquid effluent (lower than 0.4 mg L-1 for both metals), thus allowing for water reuse. Photosynthesis inhibition was tested on microalgae and microalgae-bacteria cultures, using a standardized photo-respirometry protocol in which typical concentrations used during coagulation-flocculation were assessed. Modelling dose-response curves, concentrations corresponding to 50% inhibition (IC50) were obtained, describing short-term effects. The obtained IC50 ranged from 13.7 to 28.3 mg Al L-1 for Al, and from 127.9 to 195.8 mg Fe L-1 for Fe, showing a higher toxicity for the Al-based flocculant. The recovery of photosynthesis inhibition was also quantified, to evaluate the possibility of reusing/recycling the harvested biomass. The results highlighted that the residual photosynthetic activities, evaluated after 1 h and 24 h of exposure to metals were partially recovered, especially for Al, passing from 67.3% to 94.6% activity, respectively, while long-term Fe effects were stronger (passing from 64.9% to 77.6% activity). A non-toxic flocculant (cationic starch) was finally tested, excluding potential effects due to biomass aggregation, as the reduction of photosynthetic activity only reached 3.4%, compared to control. Relevant modifications to the light availability and the optical properties of algal suspensions were assessed, identifying a strong effect of iron which caused an increase of the light absorbance up to approximately 40% at high Fe concentrations. Possible implications of dosing metallic flocculants in MBWWT processes are discussed, and suggestions are given to perform inhibition tests on flocculating chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Visigalli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Castillo Cascino
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, 26027 Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - M Mantovani
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - V Mezzanotte
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Località La Quercia, 26027 Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - R Canziani
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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26
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Singh HM, Tyagi VV, Kothari R, Azam R, Khare P, Sari A. Novel approach for harvesting of microalgal biomass using electric geyser waste material deposit as flocculant in coupling with poultry excreta leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125646. [PMID: 34418844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the flocculation efficiency of algal biomass (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in coupling with waste materials i.e. poultry excreta leachate by using other waste material which was obtained from deposition of scaling in electric geyser. Utilization of electric geyser waste material deposit (EGWMD) for flocculation is a novel approach because of various elements which are replica of chemical flocculants responsible for flocculation mechanism in culture medium. Flocculation process was optimized by response surface methodology and 98.21% flocculation efficiency was achieved with designed process parameters as temperature 32.5 °C, flocculant dose 275 mgL-1, pH 5 and time 30 min. The reusability of spent medium was also analyzed at 70.2% and 32.5% flocculation efficiency with two successive steps. The cellular morphology of pre-harvested and post-harvested Chlorella pyrenoidosa was also observed. EGWMD is abundant and freely available that has no application till now and can alternate of chemical flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Har Mohan Singh
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - V V Tyagi
- School of Energy Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, 182320, India
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K, 181143, India.
| | - Rifat Azam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P., 226025, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P., 226015, India
| | - Ahmet Sari
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Centers of Research Excellence, Renewable Energy Research Institute, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Shaikh SM, Hassan MK, Nasser M, Sayadi S, Ayesh AI, Vasagar V. A comprehensive review on harvesting of microalgae using Polyacrylamide-Based Flocculants: Potentials and challenges. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Interface adsorption mechanism of the improved flotation of fine pyrite by hydrophobic flocculation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Niemi C, Gentili FG. The use of natural organic flocculants for harvesting microalgae grown in municipal wastewater at different culture densities. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:536-542. [PMID: 33779990 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting microalgae from liquid culture is a difficult issue to solve and is most commonly done through settling. However, settling is a slow process on its own and generally needs to be induced chemically or by introducing stress to the culture. Polymeric, cationic substances, such as cationised starch and chitosan, are often used for flocculation and settling. These large, positively charged molecules form large clusters with suspended particles in the liquid medium. In the present study, three natural organic flocculants (cationic starch, chitosan and acacia tannin S5T) were tested to harvest microalgal cultures grown in wastewater. Two microalgal species, one strain of Chlorella vulgaris and one strain of Scenedesmus obliquus, were cultured in municipal wastewater for different lengths of time, and settled using either cationic starch, chitosan or acacia tannin S5T. Results indicated that S5T worked with approximately the same efficiency in the two assayed species, although it requires a relatively high dosage to function (about 300 mg L-1 ), while the other two flocculants varied from species to species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calle Niemi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Francesco G Gentili
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Visigalli S, Barberis MG, Turolla A, Canziani R, Berden Zrimec M, Reinhardt R, Ficara E. Electrocoagulation–flotation (ECF) for microalgae harvesting – A review. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Unay E, Ozkaya B, Yoruklu HC. A multicriteria decision analysis for the evaluation of microalgal growth and harvesting. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130561. [PMID: 33892454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomass obtained from microalgae research studies gained momentum in recent years because of their extensive application potential in multiple industries such as high-value nutraceuticals, bioproducts, cosmetics, animal feed industries, and biofuels while being a sustainable and environmentally friendly option. Although they have high biomass yields and rapid growth rates there are some limitations and challenges that remain for large-scale commercialized cultivation and harvesting methods of microalgae. Since there are multiple pathways related to efficient cultivation and harvesting methods to be viable, this study adopted, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), a multicriteria decision-making tool, to find the most acceptable alternative by using excel spreadsheets to evaluate the information that is derived from literature and pilot-scale studies. As a result, tubular (helical) and plate (flat panel) photobioreactors (PBRs) for cultivation and chemical harvesting (with chitosan) and bio-flocculation for harvesting were deemed suitable, while plastic bag PBR and suspended air flotation were deemed unsuitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elifnaz Unay
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bestami Ozkaya
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hulya Civelek Yoruklu
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sarma S, Sharma S, Rudakiya D, Upadhyay J, Rathod V, Patel A, Narra M. Valorization of microalgae biomass into bioproducts promoting circular bioeconomy: a holistic approach of bioremediation and biorefinery. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:378. [PMID: 34367870 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for alternative source of fuel has demanded the cultivation of 3rd generation feedstock which includes microalgae, seaweed and cyanobacteria. These phototrophic organisms are unique in a sense that they utilise natural sources like sunlight, water and CO2 for their growth and metabolism thereby producing diverse products that can be processed to produce biofuel, biochemical, nutraceuticals, feed, biofertilizer and other value added products. But due to low biomass productivity and high harvesting cost, microalgae-based production have not received much attention. Therefore, this review provides the state of the art of the microalgae based biorefinery approach to define an economical and sustainable process. The three major segments that need to be considered for economic microalgae biorefinery is low cost nutrient source, efficient harvesting methods and production of by-products with high market value. This review has outlined the use of various wastewater as nutrient source for simultaneous biomass production and bioremediation. Further, it has highlighted the common harvesting methods used for microalgae and also described various products from both raw biomass and delipidified microalgae residues in order to establish a sustainable, economical microalgae biorefinery with a touch of circular bioeconomy. This review has also discussed various challenges to be considered followed by a techno-economic analysis of the microalgae based biorefinery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamali Sarma
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Shaishav Sharma
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Darshan Rudakiya
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Jinal Upadhyay
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Vinod Rathod
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Aesha Patel
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Madhuri Narra
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
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Savvidou MG, Dardavila MM, Georgiopoulou I, Louli V, Stamatis H, Kekos D, Voutsas E. Optimization of Microalga Chlorella vulgaris Magnetic Harvesting. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061614. [PMID: 34202985 PMCID: PMC8234446 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Harvesting of microalgae is a crucial step in microalgae-based mass production of different high value-added products. In the present work, magnetic harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris was investigated using microwave-synthesized naked magnetite (Fe3O4) particles with an average crystallite diameter of 20 nm. Optimization of the most important parameters of the magnetic harvesting process, namely pH, mass ratio (mr) of magnetite particles to biomass (g/g), and agitation speed (rpm) of the C. vulgaris biomass-Fe3O4 particles mixture, was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM) statistical tool. Harvesting efficiencies higher than 99% were obtained for pH 3.0 and mixing speed greater or equal to 350 rpm. Recovery of magnetic particles via detachment was shown to be feasible and the recovery particles could be reused at least five times with high harvesting efficiency. Consequently, the described harvesting approach of C. vulgaris cells leads to an efficient, simple, and quick process, that does not impair the quality of the harvested biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Savvidou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.G.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Myrto Dardavila
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.G.); (V.L.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7723230
| | - Ioulia Georgiopoulou
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.G.); (V.L.); (E.V.)
| | - Vasiliki Louli
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.G.); (V.L.); (E.V.)
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Kekos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.G.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Epaminondas Voutsas
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.G.); (V.L.); (E.V.)
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Senatore V, Buonerba A, Zarra T, Oliva G, Belgiorno V, Boguniewicz-Zablocka J, Naddeo V. Innovative membrane photobioreactor for sustainable CO 2 capture and utilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129682. [PMID: 33515958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rising of greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG), during the last 200 years, is associated to the well known global warming phenomena. One of the main sources of CO2-equivalent GHGs emissions are the environmental protection plants accounting for 1.57% of the global emissions and thus sustainable and effective technologies for their mitigation are strongly needed. The current paper presents and discusses the assessment of an innovative membrane photo-bioreactor (MPBR) whose aim was the promotion of CO2 capture from conveyed flows, such as those from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfill and composting plants, for production and energy valorisation of algal biomass. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae strain was selected as photosynthetic platform for the abovementioned purposes. The influence of various operating parameters has been explored, including the photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (60 and 120 μmol m-2 s-1), liquid/gas ratio (L/G = 5, 10 or 15) and CO2 concentration (5, 10 and 15%) in order to investigated their effects on carbon capture effectiveness and biomass production. The results demonstrated that the increasing of PPFD significantly enhanced the biomass production in terms of biomass productivity (P) and total dry weight (DW). The highest biomass concentration of 1.01 g L-1 was achieved at PPFD of 120 μmol m-2 s-1 with a L/G of 15. Under the aforementioned conditions, carbon dioxide removal efficiency (RE) reached values up to 80%. In addition, the novel MPBR equipped with an innovative self-forming dynamic membrane (SFDM) showed a simultaneous biomass harvesting rate of 41 g m-2 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Senatore
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Relevant Hazards (Centro Universitario per La Previsione e Prevenzione Grandi Rischi, C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Zarra
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Relevant Hazards (Centro Universitario per La Previsione e Prevenzione Grandi Rischi, C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Oliva
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka
- Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Poland.
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Ray A, Banerjee S, Das D. Microalgal bio-flocculation: present scenario and prospects for commercialization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26294-26312. [PMID: 33797715 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for sustainable production of renewable biofuel has been a global concern in the recent times. Overcoming the tailbacks of the first- and second-generation biofuels, third-generation biofuel using microalgae as feedstock has emerged as a plausible alternative. It has an added advantage of preventing any greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with simultaneous carbon dioxide sequestration. Dewatering of microalgal culture is one of the many concerns regarding industrial-scale biofuel production. The small size of microalgae and dilute nature of its growth cultures creates huge operational cost during biomass separation, limiting economic feasibility of algae-based fuels. Considering the recovery efficiency, operation economics, technological feasibility and cost-effectiveness, bio-flocculation is a promising method of harvesting. Moreover, advantage of bio-flocculation over other conventional methods is that it does not incur the addition of any external chemical flocculants. This article reviews the current status of bio-flocculation technique for harvesting microalgae at industrial scale. The various microbial strains that can be prospective bioflocculants have been reviewed along with its application and advantages over chemical flocculants. Also, this article proposes that the primary focus of an appropriate harvesting technique should depend on the final utilization of the harvested biomass. This review article attempts to bring forth the beneficial aspects of microbial aided microalgal harvesting with a special attention on genetically modified self-flocculation microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayusmita Ray
- P K Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sanjukta Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- P K Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Ruggeri MVR, Godoy RFB, Arroyo PA, Trevisan E. Evaluation of natural flocculant efficiency in the harvest of microalgae Monoraphidium contortum. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study assesses two parameters that can result in high efficiency in the recovery of the microalgae Monoraphidium contortum. The significant contribution of this paper is to test different coagulants in different conditions of concentration in the coagulation and flocculation processes followed by sedimentation to evidence the best coagulant and the best condition for harvesting of Monoraphidium contortum biomass. So the proposed methodology aimed to perform preliminary tests using a tannin-based cationic coagulant (TANFLOC SG®), FeCl2, and Al2 (SO4)3, where they were performed at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L−1 at a fast mixing speed of 400 RPM. The tests determined 20 mg L−1 of Tanfloc SG® as the most efficient turbidity reduction in the preliminary test. The obtained results were used to construct a non-factorial central composite planning. Therefore, after a design of experiments, the study outcome shows the best turbidity removal range from the main tests came at 35 mg L−1 and 550 RPM of fast mixing speed.
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Production of Microalgal Biomass in Photobioreactors as Feedstock for Bioenergy and Other Uses: A Techno-Economic Study of Harvesting Stage. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation of microalgae has become a viable option to mitigate increase in CO2 in the atmosphere generated by industrial activities since they can capture CO2 as a carbon source for growth. Besides, they produce significant amounts of oils, carbohydrates, proteins, and other compounds of economic interest. There are several investigations related to the process, however, there is still no optimal scenario, since may depend on the final use of the biomass. The objective of this work was to develop a techno-economic evaluation of various technologies in harvesting and drying stages. The techno-economic estimation of these technologies provides a variety of production scenarios. Photobioreactors were used considering 1 ha as a cultivation area and a biomass production of 22.66 g/m2/day and a CO2 capture of 148.4 tons/ha/year was estimated. The production scenarios considered in this study have high energy demand and high operating costs (12.09–12.51 kWh/kg and US $210.05–214.59/kg). These results are mainly a consequence of the use of tubular photobioreactors as a biomass culture system. However, the use of photobioreactors in the production of microalgal biomass allows it to be obtained in optimal conditions for its use in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
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Lin MZ, Li WX, Hu T, Bu H, Li ZL, Wu T, Wu XX, Sun C, Li Y, Jiang GB. One-step removal of harmful algal blooms by dual-functional flocculant based on self-branched chitosan integrated with flotation function. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117710. [PMID: 33673989 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms induce severe environmental problems. It is challenging to remove algae by the current available treatments involving complicate process and costly instruments. Here, we developed a CaO2@PEG-loaded water-soluble self-branched chitosan (CP-SBC) system, which can remove algae from water in one-step without additional instrumentation. This approach utilizes a novel flocculant (self-branched chitosan) integrated with flotation function (induced by CaO2@PEG). CP-SBC exhibited better flocculation performance than commercial flocculants, which is attributed to the enhanced bridging and sweeping effect of branched chitosan. CP-SBC demonstrated outstanding biocompatibility, which was verified by zebrafish test and algae activity test. CaO2@PEG-loaded self-branched chitosan can serve as an "Air flotation system" to spontaneous float the flocs after flocculation by sustainably released O2. Furthermore, CP-SBC can improve water quality through minimizing dissolved oxygen depletion and reducing total phosphorus concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huaitian Bu
- Department of Materials and Nanotechnology, SINTEF Industry, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Zeng-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xia-Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Gang-Biao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Rodríguez-Sifuentes L, Marszalek JE, Hernández-Carbajal G, Chuck-Hernández C. Importance of Downstream Processing of Natural Astaxanthin for Pharmaceutical Application. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2020.601483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a xanthophyll pigment considered as a nutraceutical with high antioxidant activity. Several clinical trials have shown the multiple health benefits of this molecule; therefore, it has various pharmaceutical industry applications. Commercial astaxanthin can be produced by chemical synthesis or through biosynthesis within different microorganisms. The molecule produced by the microorganisms is highly preferred due to its zero toxicity and superior therapeutic properties. However, the biotechnological production of the xanthophyll is not competitive against the chemical synthesis, since the downstream process may represent 70–80% of the process production cost. These operations denote then an opportunity to optimize the process and make this alternative more competitive. Since ASX is produced intracellularly by the microorganisms, high investment and high operational costs, like centrifugation and bead milling or high-pressure homogenization, are mainly used. In cell recovery, flocculation and flotation may represent low energy demanding techniques, whereas, after cell disruption, an efficient extraction technique is necessary to extract the highest percentage of ASX produced by the cell. Solvent extraction is the traditional method, but large-scale ASX production has adopted supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2), an efficient and environmentally friendly technology. On the other hand, assisted technologies are extensively reported since the cell disruption, and ASX extraction can be carried out in a single step. Because a high-purity product is required in pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical applications, the use of chromatography is necessary for the downstream process. Traditionally liquid-solid chromatography techniques are applied; however, the recent emergence of liquid-liquid chromatography like high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with liquid-solid chromatography allows high productivity and purity up to 99% of ASX. Additionally, the use of SC-CO2, coupled with two-dimensional chromatography, is very promising. Finally, the purified ASX needs to be formulated to ensure its stability and bioavailability; thus, encapsulation is widely employed. In this review, we focus on the processes of cell recovery, cell disruption, drying, extraction, purification, and formulation of ASX mainly produced in Haematococcus pluvialis, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Paracoccus carotinifaciens. We discuss the current technologies that are being developed to make downstream operations more efficient and competitive in the biotechnological production process of this carotenoid.
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Ali SS, Kornaros M, Manni A, Al-Tohamy R, El-Shanshoury AERR, Matter IM, Elsamahy T, Sobhy M, Sun J. Advances in microorganisms-based biofertilizers: Major mechanisms and applications. BIOFERTILIZERS 2021:371-385. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821667-5.00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Najjar YS, Abu-Shamleh A. Harvesting of microalgae by centrifugation for biodiesel production: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kim YE, Matter IA, Lee N, Jung M, Lee YC, Choi SA, Lee SY, Kim JR, Oh YK. Enhancement of astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis using magnesium aminoclay nanoparticles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123270. [PMID: 32253126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving the content and production of high-value ketocarotenoid pigments is critical for the commercialization of microalgal biorefineries. This study reported the use of magnesium aminoclay (MgAC) nanoparticles for enhancement of astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis in photoautotrophic cultures. Addition of 1.0 g/L MgAC significantly promoted cellular astaxanthin biosynthesis (302 ± 69 pg/cell), presumably by inducing tolerable oxidative stress, corresponding to a 13.7-fold higher production compared to that in the MgAC-untreated control (22 ± 2 pg/cell). The lipid content and cell size of H. pluvialis improved by 13.6- and 2.1-fold, respectively, compared to that of the control. Despite reduced cell numbers, the overall astaxanthin production (10.3 ± 0.4 mg/L) improved by 40% compared to the control (7.3 ± 0.6 mg/L), owing to improved biomass production. However, an MgAC dosage above 1.0 g/L inhibited biomass production by inducing electrostatic cell wall destabilization and aggregation. Therefore, MgAC-induced stimulation of algae varies widely based on their morphological and physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ibrahim A Matter
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Agricultural Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Nakyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyoung Jung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Choi
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Climate Change Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Rodero MDR, Muñoz R, Lebrero R, Verfaillie A, Blockx J, Thielemans W, Muylaert K, Praveenkumar R. Harvesting microalgal-bacterial biomass from biogas upgrading process and evaluating the impact of flocculants on their growth during repeated recycling of the spent medium. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Magnetophoretic Harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata Using Iron Oxide Immobilized Beads. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae through the use of nanosized Fe3O4 immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) as a flocculant (Fe3O4/PS) is investigated. Using the Fe3O4/PS immobilized beads could reduce the amount of soluble ferrous ions (Fe2+) released from naked Fe3O4 in acid treatment, leading to easy recovery. The characterization was performed under different dosages and pH values of Fe3O4/PS. The results show that the Fe3O4/PS, when applied to the algae culture (500 mg dry cell weight/L), achieves a 96% harvesting efficiency under conditions of a pH of 4 with 200 mT magnetic field intensity. Fe3O4/PS can be directly reused without adjusting the pH value. The recycled Fe3O4/PS shows stability in terms of its surface properties, maintaining more than 80% harvesting efficiency after five recycles. Magnetophoretic harvesting, using immobilized magnetic iron oxide as a particle-based flocculant, is a potential method to reduce challenges related to the cost-effective microalgae-harvesting method.
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Morphological Change and Cell Disruption of Haematococcus pluvialis Cyst during High-Pressure Homogenization for Astaxanthin Recovery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates astaxanthin, which is a high-value antioxidant, during the red cyst stage of its lifecycle. The development of a rigid cell wall in the cysts hinders the recovery of astaxanthin. We investigated morphological changes and cell disruption of mature H. pluvialis cyst cells while using high-pressure homogenization for astaxanthin extraction. When treated with French-press-cell (pressure, 10,000–30,000 psi; passage, 1–3), the intact cyst cells were significantly broken or fully ruptured, releasing cytoplasmic components, thereby facilitating the separation of astaxanthin by ethyl acetate. Fluorescence microscopy observations using three different fluorescent dyes revealed that a greater degree of cell breakage caused greater external dispersion of astaxanthin, chlorophyll, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The mechanical treatment resulted in a high cell disruption rate of up to 91% based on microscopic cell typing and Coulter methods. After the ethyl acetate extraction, the astaxanthin concentration significantly increased by 15.2 mg/L in proportion to the increase in cell disruption rate, which indicates that cell disruption is a critical factor for solvent-based astaxanthin recovery. Furthermore, this study recommends a synergistic combination of the fast instrumental particle-volume-distribution analysis and microscope-based morphologic phenotyping for the development of practical H. pluvialis biorefinery processes that co-produce various biological products, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, and astaxanthin.
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Pandey A, Shah R, Yadav P, Verma R, Srivastava S. Harvesting of freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus sp. by electro-coagulation-flocculation for biofuel production: effects on spent medium recycling and lipid extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3497-3507. [PMID: 31832955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in recent times for microalgae as a sustainable energy source. However, efficient harvesting of microalgal biomass for various industrial applications is still considered a bottleneck. The present study attempts to evaluate microalgae Scenedesmus sp. harvesting using electro-coagulation-flocculation (ECF). Plackett-Burman design was exploited to explore the significant process parameters, whereas Taguchi's array design was employed for optimization. The optimal conditions were optimized as initial pH 5.0, electrolysis time 15 min, electrode distance 2 cm, sedimentation time 60 min, and current density 12 mA cm-2 for complete harvesting. Under optimum conditions, the energy utilization and the operation cost of ECF process was estimated to be 2.65 kWh kg-1 and USD 0.29 kg-1, respectively. Thus, ECF-based microalgae harvesting was found as a low-cost technique. In addition, neutralizing pH and supplementing macro- and micronutrients enabled the flocculated medium to maintain an approximate growth yield in algal cultivation to that of the fresh BG11 medium. ECF did not affect the amount of microalgal lipids (28.6 ± 1.2, % wt.), chlorophyll a (8.3 ± 0.3 μg mL-1), and fatty acid methyl ester composition (C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, and C18:0) as well. These results strongly recommend ECF as the most appropriate and promising method for harvesting Scenedesmus sp. for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Papita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Reshu Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211004, India.
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