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Sonke JE, Angot H, Zhang Y, Poulain A, Björn E, Schartup A. Global change effects on biogeochemical mercury cycling. AMBIO 2023; 52:853-876. [PMID: 36988895 PMCID: PMC10073400 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Past and present anthropogenic mercury (Hg) release to ecosystems causes neurotoxicity and cardiovascular disease in humans with an estimated economic cost of $117 billion USD annually. Humans are primarily exposed to Hg via the consumption of contaminated freshwater and marine fish. The UNEP Minamata Convention on Hg aims to curb Hg release to the environment and is accompanied by global Hg monitoring efforts to track its success. The biogeochemical Hg cycle is a complex cascade of release, dispersal, transformation and bio-uptake processes that link Hg sources to Hg exposure. Global change interacts with the Hg cycle by impacting the physical, biogeochemical and ecological factors that control these processes. In this review we examine how global change such as biome shifts, deforestation, permafrost thaw or ocean stratification will alter Hg cycling and exposure. Based on past declines in Hg release and environmental levels, we expect that future policy impacts should be distinguishable from global change effects at the regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen E. Sonke
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS/IRD, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, 14 ave Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Angot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 1025 rue de la piscine, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Alexandre Poulain
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Erik Björn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amina Schartup
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Yuan CS, Chiang KC, Yen PH, Ceng JH, Lee CE, Du IC, Soong KY, Jeng MS. Long-range transport of atmospheric speciated mercury from the eastern waters of Taiwan Island to northern South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120899. [PMID: 36565910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the temporospatial distribution, gas-particle partition, and pollution sources of atmospheric speciated mercury (ASM) from the eastern offshore waters of the Taiwan Island (TI) to the northern South China Sea (SCS). Both gaseous and particulate mercury were simultaneously sampled at three remote sites in four seasons. The average concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate bound mercury (PBM) were 2.05 ± 0.45 ng/m3, 19.17 ± 5.39 pg/m3, and 0.11 ± 0.06 ng/m3, respectively. The concentrations of GEM and PBM in the cold seasons were higher than those in the warm seasons, but those of GOM had an opposite trend. In terms of gas-solid partition, ASM was apportioned as 91.3-97.3% of GEM and 2.7-8.7% of GOM and PBM. The average concentrations of GEM, GOM, and PBM at the Green Island (GI) were 2.21 ± 0.47 ng/m3, 22.31 ± 5.35 pg/m3, and 0.12 ± 0.06 ng/m3; those at the Kenting Peninsula (KT) were 2.11 ± 0.43 ng/m3, 20.57 ± 4.38 pg/m3, and 0.11 ± 0.06 ng/m3; and those at the Dongsha Islands (DS) were 1.84 ± 0.40 ng/m3, 15.19 ± 3.58 pg/m3, and 0.08 ± 0.05 ng/m3, respectively. Overall, the spatial distribution of ASM concentrations showed the order as: GI > KT > DS. Air masses blown mainly from the West Pacific Ocean (WPO) and SCS in summer showed the lowest ASM concentrations. Oppositely, high ASM concentrations were commonly observed in spring and winter when polluted air masses were blown by Asian Northeastern Monsoons (ANMs). The transport routes of polluted air masses were originated mainly from North China, Central China, Northeast China, Korea and Japan, and mostly passed through the urban and industrial regions in the northeastern Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC; Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kuan-Chen Chiang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Hsuan Yen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Hao Ceng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-En Lee
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chieh Du
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ker-Yea Soong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiou Jeng
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; Green Island Marine Research Station, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia. Sinica, Green Island, Taitung County, Taiwan, ROC
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3
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Liu K, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Tang Y, Wang L, Liu T, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen J. Improved atmospheric mercury simulation using updated gas-particle partition and organic aerosol concentrations. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 119:106-118. [PMID: 35934455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous or particulate forms of divalent mercury (HgII) significantly impact the spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury concentration and deposition flux (FLX). In the new nested-grid GEOS-Chem model, we try to modify the HgII gas-particle partitioning relationship with synchronous and hourly observations at four sites in China. Observations of gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM), particulate-bound Hg (PBM), and PM2.5 were used to derive an empirical gas-particle partitioning coefficient as a function of temperature (T) and organic aerosol (OA) concentrations under different relative humidity (RH). Results showed that with increasing RH, the dominant process of HgII gas-particle partitioning changed from physical adsorption to chemical desorption. And the dominant factor of HgII gas-particle partitioning changed from T to OA concentrations. We thus improved the simulated OA concentration field by introducing intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) emission inventory into the model framework and refining the volatile distributions of I/SVOCs according to new filed tests in the recent literatures. Finally, normalized mean biases (NMBs) of monthly gaseous element mercury (GEM), GOM, PBM, WFLX were reduced from -33%-29%, 95%-300%, 64%-261%, 117%-122% to -13%-0%, -20%-80%, -31%-50%, -17%-23%. The improved model explains 69%-98% of the observed atmospheric Hg decrease during 2013-2020 and can serve as a useful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingru Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong provincial academy of environmental science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Tonghao Liu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmos. Environ., Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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Yuan CS, Lee CE, Ie IR, Chiang KC, Tseng YL, Wong KW. Seasonal variation and source identification of atmospheric speciated mercury in an industrial harbor area in East Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152785. [PMID: 34990687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pollution characteristics, spatiotemporal variation, and potential sources of atmospheric speciated mercury (ASM) in an industrial harbor area were explored. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were sampled by a self-designed manual system at three harbor sites in four seasons. The yearly average concentrations of GEM, GOM, and PBM were 6.7 ± 2.0 ng/m3, 244 ± 70 pg/m3, and 410 ± 105 pg/m3, respectively. The seasonal average ASM concentration was in the order of: winter > fall > spring > summer. In terms of species, GEM dominated ASM, while reactive mercury (RM = GOM + PBM) accounted for 6.0-15.7%of ASM, implying that ASM was governed by anthropogenic sources in the harbor area. The highest ASM concentrations were observed at Site Zhonghe (ZH), which is mainly influenced by both ship exhausts and industrial emissions, and positively correlated with CO, NOx, and SO2. In particular, GOM was positively correlated with O3, and negatively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity, showing high impact from atmospheric photochemical reactions. Air masses transporting westerly in spring were mainly from ship exhausts. In summer, air masses transporting from the south were from utility power plants and machinery exhausts. In fall and winter, air masses were transported mainly from the north, blowing by the long-range transport of polluted air masses originated from the north. Both principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization results indicate that coal burning, industrial emissions, and vehicular exhausts are the main contributors to ASM. Site Zhongdao (ZD) was close to the bulk carrier loading and unloading zones and was highly influenced by mobile sources, while Site ZH was mainly influenced by the neighboring industrial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng-En Lee
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Iau-Ren Ie
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Chen Chiang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kwok-Wai Wong
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
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Shoji A, Elliott KH, Watanuki Y, Basu N, Whelan S, Cunningham J, Hatch S, Mizukawa H, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M, Aris-Brosou S. Geolocators link marine mercury with levels in wild seabirds throughout their annual cycle: Consequences for trans-ecosystem biotransport. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117035. [PMID: 33932830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are widely used as indicators of marine pollution, including mercury (Hg), because they track contaminant levels across space and time. However, many seabirds are migratory, and it is difficult to understand the timing and location of their Hg accumulation. Seabirds may obtain Hg thousands of kilometers away, during their non-breeding period, and deposit that Hg into their terrestrial breeding colonies. We predicted that Hg concentration in rectrices reflects exposure during the previous breeding season, in body feathers reflects non-breeding exposure, and in blood collected during breeding reflects exposure during current breeding. To test this hypothesis, we measured total Hg concentration in these three tissues, which reflect different timepoints during the annual cycle of rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) breeding on both sides of the North Pacific (Middleton Island in Alaska and Teuri Island in Hokkaido), and tracked their wintering movement patterns with biologging devices. We (i) identify the wintering patterns of both populations, (ii) examine Hg levels in different tissues representing exposure at different time periods, (iii) test how environmental Hg exposure during the non-breeding season affects bird contamination, and (iv) assess whether variation in Hg levels during the non-breeding season influences levels accumulated in terrestrial plants. Individuals from both populations followed a figure-eight looping migration pattern. We confirm the existence of a pathway from environmental Hg to plant roots via avian tissues, as Hg concentrations were higher in plants within the auklet colonies than at control sites. Hg concentrations of breast feathers were higher in Alaskan than in Japanese auklets, but Hg concentrations in rectrices and blood were similar. Moreover, we found evidence that tissues with different turnover rates could record local anthropogenic Hg emission rates of areas visited during winter. In conclusion, Hg was transported across thousands of kilometers by seabirds and transferred to local plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shoji
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yutaka Watanuki
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Shannon Whelan
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Joshua Cunningham
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Scott Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, AK, 99516, USA
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Stéphane Aris-Brosou
- Departments of Biology, Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Kalinchuk VV, Lopatnikov EA, Astakhov AS, Ivanov MV, Hu L. Distribution of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) from the Sea of Japan to the Arctic, and Hg(0) evasion fluxes in the Eastern Arctic Seas: Results from a joint Russian-Chinese cruise in fall 2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142003. [PMID: 32890877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Eastern Arctic Seas and the north-western Pacific are among the most poorly investigated areas as far as Hg cycling in marine systems is concerned. Continuous measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) concentrations in the marine boundary layer and Hg(0) evasion fluxes from the sea surface were performed in these regions in fall 2018. Atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of 1.02-2.50 ng/m3 were measured (average: 1.45 ± 0.12 ng/m3; N = 2518). Values in the Far Eastern Seas of Russia were lower compared to previous observations, presumably reflecting а global trend of decreasing atmospheric Hg(0). Concentration-weighted trajectory analysis highlighted three source regions influencing Hg(0) concentrations in the ambient air during the cruise: 1) the north-eastern China and the Yellow Sea region; 2) the Kuril-Kamchatka region of the Pacific Ocean and the region around the Commander and Aleutian Islands; and 3) the Arctic region. In the Arctic, sea-air Hg(0) evasion fluxes were at the same low levels as those observed earlier in the northern sea areas (0.28-1.35 ng/m2/h, average, 0.70 ± 0.26 ng/m2/h, N = 29). In the Eastern Arctic Seas, Hg(0) evasion fluxes were significantly dependent on river runoff. In the Arctic Ocean, they were negatively correlated with water temperature and positively correlated with salinity, suggesting a proximity to areas with contiguous ice and higher dissolved Hg(0) concentrations in the surface seawater. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the Arctic Ocean is a source of atmospheric Hg(0) during late summer and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Kalinchuk
- V.I.Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - Evgeny A Lopatnikov
- V.I.Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Anatoliy S Astakhov
- V.I.Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Maxim V Ivanov
- V.I.Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Limin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
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Sheu GR, Gay DA, Schmeltz D, Olson M, Chang SC, Lin DW, Nguyen LSP. A New Monitoring Effort for Asia: The Asia Pacific Mercury Monitoring Network (APMMN). ATMOSPHERE 2020; 10:481. [PMID: 33005443 PMCID: PMC7526002 DOI: 10.3390/atmos10090481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Asia Pacific Mercury Monitoring Network (APMMN) cooperatively measures mercury in precipitation in a network of sites operating in Asia and the Western Pacific region. The network addresses significant data gaps in a region where mercury emission estimates are the highest globally, and available measurement data are limited. The reduction of mercury emissions under the Minamata Convention on Mercury also justifies the need for continent-wide and consistent observations that can help determine the magnitude of the problem and assess the efficacy of reductions over time. The APMMN's primary objectives are to monitor wet deposition and atmospheric concentrations of mercury and assist partners in developing their own monitoring capabilities. Network planning began in 2012 with wet deposition sampling starting in 2014. Currently, eight network sites measure mercury in precipitation following standardized procedures adapted from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. The network also has a common regional analytical laboratory (Taiwan), and quality assurance and data flagging procedures, which ensure the network makes scientifically valid and consistent measurements. Results from our ongoing analytical and field quality assurance measurements show minimal contamination in the network and accurate analytical analyses. We are continuing to monitor a potential concentration and precipitation volume bias under certain conditions. The average mercury concentration in precipitation was 11.3 (+9.6) ng L-1 for 139 network samples in 2018. Concentrations for individual sites vary widely. Low averages compare to the low concentrations observed on the U.S. West Coast; while other sites have average concentrations similar to the high values reported from many urban areas in China. Future APMMN goals are to (1) foster new network partnerships, (2) continue to collect, quality assure, and distribute results on the APMMN website, (3) provide training and share best monitoring practices, and (4) establish a gaseous concentration network for estimating dry deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guey-Rong Sheu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or
| | - David A. Gay
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 465 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - David Schmeltz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Atmospheric Programs, Clean Air Markets Division, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, MC6204J, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Mark Olson
- National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 465 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Gustin MS, Bank MS, Bishop K, Bowman K, Branfireun B, Chételat J, Eckley CS, Hammerschmidt CR, Lamborg C, Lyman S, Martínez-Cortizas A, Sommar J, Tsui MTK, Zhang T. Mercury biogeochemical cycling: A synthesis of recent scientific advances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139619. [PMID: 32783819 PMCID: PMC7430064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this paper is to briefly discuss the major advances in scientific thinking regarding: a) processes governing the fate and transport of mercury in the environment; b) advances in measurement methods; and c) how these advances in knowledge fit in within the context of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Details regarding the information summarized here can be found in the papers associated with this Virtual Special Issue of STOTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Sexauer Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89439, USA.
| | - Michael S Bank
- Department of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01255, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katlin Bowman
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA; University of California Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Brian Branfireun
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Western University, London, Canada
| | - John Chételat
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Chris S Eckley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region-10, 1200 6th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Chad R Hammerschmidt
- Wright State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Carl Lamborg
- University of California Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Seth Lyman
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, 320 N Aggie Blvd., Vernal, UT, USA
| | - Antonio Martínez-Cortizas
- EcoPast (GI-1553), Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jonas Sommar
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Nie X, Wang Y, Mao H, Wang T, Li T, Wu Y, Li Y, Hou C, Qie G, Feng X, Shang Z, He H. Atmospheric mercury in an eastern Chinese metropolis (Jinan). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110541. [PMID: 32247960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban emissions are a major contributor to atmospheric Hg budgets. Continuous measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and particulate-bound mercury (PHg) in PM2.5 were conducted from October 2015 to July 2016 in a metropolis, Jinan, in eastern China. Average TGM and PHg concentrations were 4.91 ± 3.66 ng m-3 and 451.9 ± 433.4 pg m-3, respectively, in the entire study period. During the winter heating period (HP), mean concentrations of TGM and PHg were 5.79 ng m-3 and 598.7 pg m-3, respectively, twice higher than those during the non-heating periods (NHPs). During the HP, TGM exhibited a distinct diurnal pattern with a peak in the morning and a minimum in the afternoon on less polluted days but a singular peak at midday on heavily polluted days. The diurnal variation of TGM during the NHPs was predominantly influenced by the variation in boundary layer height while during the HP by anthropogenic emissions. The ratio of PHg/PM2.5 in Jinan was one to two orders of magnitude larger than those elsewhere worldwide and those in soil and coal, which suggested the high enrichment of PHg in PM2.5 in Jinan. Correlation and principle component analysis results suggested that PHg and TGM had common combustion sources during the HP, whereas PHg resulted mainly from biomass burning and meteorological variations during the NHPs. High Hg concentrations in Jinan were mostly caused by emissions from coal-fired power plants, especially for those situated east of the sampling site. In addition, TGM and PHg concentrations significantly increased during haze and fog episodes, but decreased during a dust episode due possibly to strong ventilation conditions combined with partitioning of Hg between adsorption to PM2.5 and coarse dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Huiting Mao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chenxiao Hou
- Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Guanghao Qie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhaohui Shang
- Gudong Petroleum Production Factory, Shengli Oilfield of Sinopec, Dongying, 257237, China
| | - Haifeng He
- Gudong Petroleum Production Factory, Shengli Oilfield of Sinopec, Dongying, 257237, China
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Lyman SN, Cheng I, Gratz LE, Weiss-Penzias P, Zhang L. An updated review of atmospheric mercury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135575. [PMID: 31784172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere is a key component of the biogeochemical cycle of mercury, acting as a reservoir, transport mechanism, and facilitator of chemical reactions. The chemical and physical behavior of atmospheric mercury determines how, when, and where emitted mercury pollution impacts ecosystems. In this review, we provide current information about what is known and what remains uncertain regarding mercury in the atmosphere. We discuss new ambient, laboratory, and theoretical information about the chemistry of mercury in various atmospheric media. We review what is known about mercury in and on solid- and liquid-phase aerosols. We present recent findings related to wet and dry deposition and spatial and temporal trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations. We also review atmospheric measurement methods that are in wide use and those that are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth N Lyman
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, 320 N Aggie Blvd., Vernal, UT, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Irene Cheng
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynne E Gratz
- Environmental Studies Program, Colorado College, 14 East Cache la Poudre St., Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Peter Weiss-Penzias
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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