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Dai X, Shang W, Liu J, Xue M, Wang C. Achieving better indoor air quality with IoT systems for future buildings: Opportunities and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164858. [PMID: 37343873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
With the development of IoT technology and low-cost indoor air quality (IAQ) sensors, the IoT-based IAQ monitoring platform has garnered significant research interest and demonstrated its potential in enhancing IAQ management. This study presents a comprehensive review of previous research on the development and application of IoT-based IAQ platforms in different built environments. It offers detailed insights into the design and implementation of recent IoT-based IAQ platforms. The findings indicate that the IoT-based IAQ platforms are able to provide reliable information for IAQ monitoring. To ensure quality control of the IoT-based IAQ platform, it is suggested to replace the sensors every 4-6 months for reliable monitoring. In another aspect, integrating data-driven technology into the platform is crucial for IAQ prediction and efficient control of ventilation systems, leveraging the wealth of data available from the IoT platform. According to recent studies that applied data-driven algorithms for IAQ management, it can be confirmed that the data-driven algorithms are able to prompt IAQ by providing either more information or a control strategy. However, it should be noted that only 9.1 % of the developed platforms integrated data-driven models for IAQ management. Based on our findings, current challenges and further opportunities are discussed. Future studies should focus on integrating data-driven algorithms into IoT-based IAQ platforms and developing digital twins that can be used for real building IAQ management. However, there is obvious tension between controlling ventilation for energy efficiency versus better air quality. It is important to make a balance between energy efficiency and better air quality according to the current situations of specific built environments. Also, the next generation of IoT-based IAQ platforms should include occupants in the loop to create a more occupant-centric IAQ management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Dai
- Department of the Built Environment, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore
| | - Wenzhe Shang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Min Xue
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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Brandt S, Pavlichenko I, Shneidman AV, Patel H, Tripp A, Wong TSB, Lazaro S, Thompson E, Maltz A, Storwick T, Beggs H, Szendrei-Temesi K, Lotsch BV, Kaplan CN, Visser CW, Brenner MP, Murthy VN, Aizenberg J. Nonequilibrium sensing of volatile compounds using active and passive analyte delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303928120. [PMID: 37494398 PMCID: PMC10400973 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303928120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sensor technologies have allowed us to outperform the human senses of sight, hearing, and touch, the development of artificial noses is significantly behind their biological counterparts. This largely stems from the sophistication of natural olfaction, which relies on both fluid dynamics within the nasal anatomy and the response patterns of hundreds to thousands of unique molecular-scale receptors. We designed a sensing approach to identify volatiles inspired by the fluid dynamics of the nose, allowing us to extract information from a single sensor (here, the reflectance spectra from a mesoporous one-dimensional photonic crystal) rather than relying on a large sensor array. By accentuating differences in the nonequilibrium mass-transport dynamics of vapors and training a machine learning algorithm on the sensor output, we clearly identified polar and nonpolar volatile compounds, determined the mixing ratios of binary mixtures, and accurately predicted the boiling point, flash point, vapor pressure, and viscosity of a number of volatile liquids, including several that had not been used for training the model. We further implemented a bioinspired active sniffing approach, in which the analyte delivery was performed in well-controlled 'inhale-exhale' sequences, enabling an additional modality of differentiation and reducing the duration of data collection and analysis to seconds. Our results outline a strategy to build accurate and rapid artificial noses for volatile compounds that can provide useful information such as the composition and physical properties of chemicals, and can be applied in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, hazardous waste management, and healthy building monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Brandt
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ida Pavlichenko
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Anna V. Shneidman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
| | - Haritosh Patel
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
| | - Austin Tripp
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Timothy S. B. Wong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Sean Lazaro
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ethan Thompson
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Aubrey Maltz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Thomas Storwick
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Holden Beggs
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Katalin Szendrei-Temesi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München81377, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München81377, Germany
| | - C. Nadir Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Claas W. Visser
- Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Michael P. Brenner
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
| | - Venkatesh N. Murthy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
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Abstract
Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It reduces the effectiveness of learning and work efficiency. Among many pollutants, PM 2.5 and 10 dusts are extremely important. They can be eliminated using mechanical ventilation equipped with filters. Façade ventilation devices are used as a way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in existing buildings. For their analysis, researchers used carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. They have shown that façade ventilation devices are an effective way to improve IAQ, but require further analysis due to the sensitivity of façade ventilation devices to the effects of wind and outdoor temperature. In addition, legal regulations in some countries require verification in order to enable the use of this type of solution as a way to improve IAQ in an era characterised by the effort to transform buildings into passive houses (standard for energy efficiency in a building).
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