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Li R, Cai L, Cao J, Wang P, Qu H, Chen M, Chen Y. Effect of different multichannel ventilation methods on aerobic composting and vegetable waste gas emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112104-112116. [PMID: 37824054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting, especially semipermeable membrane-covered aerobic fermentation, is known to be an effective method for recycling and reducing vegetable waste. However, this approach has rarely been applied to the aerobic composting of vegetable waste; in addition, the product characteristics and GHG emissions of the composting process have not been studied in-depth. This study investigated the effect of using different structural ventilation systems on composting efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in a semipermeable membrane-covered vegetable waste compost. The results for the groups (MV1, MV2, and MV3) with bottom ventilation plus multichannel ventilation and the group (BV) with single bottom ventilation were compared here. The MV2 group effectively increased the average temperature by 19.06% whilst also increasing the degradation rate of organic matter by 30.81%. Additionally, the germination index value reached more than 80%, 3 days in advance. Compared to those of the BV group, the CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions of MV2 were reduced by 32.67%, 21.52%, and 22.57%, respectively, with the total greenhouse gas emissions decreasing by 24.17%. Overall, this study demonstrated a multichannel ventilation system as a new method for improving the composting efficiency of vegetable waste whilst reducing gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Liang Cai
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haoli Qu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Mingjiang Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Yang Y, Chen W, Liu G, Kong Y, Wang G, Yin Z, Li G, Yuan J. Effects of cornstalk and sawdust coverings on greenhouse gas emissions during sheep manure storage. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:104-114. [PMID: 37167708 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Manure covered by organic materials during the storage has shown that it can effectively reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, but few studies have focused on the bacterial communities in manure or the coverage and mechanism responsible for reducing gas emissions. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts and mechanisms of cornstalk and sawdust coverings on greenhouse gas emissions during sheep manure storage. Sheep manure covered by organic material reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (42.27%-42.55%) relative to uncovered control through physical adsorption and biological transformation of Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Brachybacterium, Dietzia and Brevibacterium. Sheep manure covered by organic materials also increased methane (CH4) emissions (16.31%-43.07%) by increasing anaerobic zones of coverage. Overall, coverings reduced carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) by 29.87%-33.60%. Coverings had less effect on the bacterial diversity and community of sheep manure, and the number of bacteria shared by sheep manure and the covering material increased with storage progress, indicating that these bacteria were transferred to the covering materials with gas emissions and moisture volatilization. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that functional group intensities of the covering materials increased and the fibrous structures became more disordered during the storage period. In general, it was safe to use organic materials as coverages during sheep manure storage, which was conducive to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziming Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China.
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Chen L, Li W, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Meng L, Zhou Y. Characterization of sulfide oxidation and optimization of sulfate production by a thermophilic Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3 isolated from sewage sludge composting. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 125:712-722. [PMID: 36375952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur-containing odor emitted from sludge composting could be controlled by sulfide oxidizing bacteria, yet mesophilic strains show inactivation during the thermophilic stage of composting. Aimed to investigate and characterize the thermotolerant bacterium that could oxidize sulfide into sulfate, a heterotrophic strain was isolated from sewage sludge composting and identified as Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3. The effects of various environmental factors on sulfide oxidation capacities were studied to optimize the sulfate production, and the highest production rate (27.35% ± 0.86%) was obtained at pH 7.34, the rotation speed of 161.14 r/min, and the inoculation amount of 5.83% by employing Box-Behnken design. The results of serial sulfide substrates experiments indicated that strain LYH-3 could survive up to 400 mg/L of sulfide with the highest sulfide removal rate (88.79% ± 0.35%) obtained at 50 mg/L of sulfide. Growth kinetic analysis presented the maximum specific growth rate µm (0.5274 hr-1) after 22 hr cultivation at 50°C. The highest enzyme activities of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (0.369 ± 0.052 U/mg) and sulfur dioxygenase (0.255 ± 0.014 U/mg) were both obtained at 40°C, and the highest enzyme activity of sulfite acceptor oxidoreductase (1.302 ± 0.035 U/mg) was assessed at 50°C. The results indicated that P. naphthalenovorans possessed a rapid growth rate and efficient sulfide oxidation capacities under thermophilic conditions, promising a potential application in controlling sulfur-containing odors during the thermophilic stage of sludge composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Liqiang Meng
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Zeng J, Michel FC, Huang G. Comparison and Evaluation of GHG Emissions during Simulated Thermophilic Composting of Different Municipal and Agricultural Feedstocks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3002. [PMID: 36833698 PMCID: PMC9961834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Composting is widely used to recycle a variety of different organic wastes. In this study, dairy manure, chicken litter, biosolids, yard trimmings and food waste were selected as representative municipal and agricultural feedstocks and composted in simulated thermophilic composting reactors to compare and evaluate the GHG emissions. The results showed that the highest cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were observed during yard trimmings composting (659.14 g CO2 kg-1 DM), food waste composting (3308.85 mg CH4 kg-1 DM) and chicken litter composting (1203.92 mg N2O kg-1 DM), respectively. The majority of the carbon was lost in the form of CO2. The highest carbon loss by CO2 and CH4 emissions and the highest nitrogen loss by N2O emission occurred in dairy manure (41.41%), food waste (0.55%) and chicken litter composting (3.13%), respectively. The total GHG emission equivalent was highest during food waste composting (365.28 kg CO2-eq ton-1 DM) which generated the highest CH4 emission and second highest N2O emissions, followed by chicken litter composting (341.27 kg CO2-eq ton-1 DM), which had the highest N2O emissions. The results indicated that accounting for GHG emissions from composting processes when it is being considered as a sustainable waste management practice was of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, CFAES Wooster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Frederick C. Michel
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, CFAES Wooster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Ruiz-Muñoz A, Siles JA, Márquez P, Toledo M, Gutiérrez MC, Martín MA. Odor emission assessment of different WWTPs with Extended Aeration Activated Sludge and Rotating Biological Contactor technologies in the province of Cordoba (Spain). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116741. [PMID: 36399884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, five urban WWTPs (Wastewater Treatment Plant) with different biological treatment (Extended Aeration Activated Sludge - EAAS; Rotating Biological Contactor - RBC), wastewater type (Urban; Industrial) and size, were jointly evaluated. The aim was twofold: (1) to analyze and compare their odor emissions, and (2) to identify the main causes of its generation from the relationships between physico-chemical, respirometric and olfactometric variables. The results showed that facilities with EAAS technology were more efficient than RBC, with elimination yields of organic matter higher than 90%. In olfactometric terms, sludge managements facilities (SMFs) were found to be the critical odor source in all WWTPs compared to the Inlet point (I) or Post primary treatment (PP), and for seasonal periods with ambient temperature higher than 25 °C. Moreover, the global odor emissions quantified in all SMFs revealed that facilities with EAAS (C-WWTP, V-WWTP and Z-WWTP) had a lower odor contribution (19,345, 14,800 and 11,029 ouE/s·m2, respectively) than for those with RBC technology (P-WWTP and NC-WWTP) which accounted for 19,747 ouE/s·m2 and 80,061 ouE/s·m2, respectively. In addition, chemometric analysis helped to find groupings and differences between the WWTPs considering the wastewater (71.27% of total variance explained) and sludge management (64.52% of total variance explained) lines independently. Finally, odor emissions were adequately predicted from the physico-chemical and respirometric variables in the wastewater (r2 = 0.8738) and sludge (r2 = 0.9373) lines, being pH, volatile acidity and temperature (wastewater line), and pH, moisture, temperature, SOUR (Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate) and OD20 (Cumulative Oxygen Demand at 20 h) (sludge line) the most influential variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Muñoz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Químico para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Químico para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - P Márquez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Químico para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Toledo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Químico para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Químico para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Químico para La Energía y El Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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6
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Odors Emitted from Biological Waste and Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Mini-Review. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a new generation of waste treatment plants based on biological treatments (mainly anaerobic digestion and/or composting) has arisen all over the world. These plants have been progressively substituted for incineration facilities and landfills. Although these plants have evident benefits in terms of their environmental impact and higher recovery of material and energy, the release into atmosphere of malodorous compounds and its mitigation is one of the main challenges that these plants face. In this review, the methodology to determine odors, the main causes of having undesirable gaseous emissions, and the characterization of odors are reviewed. Finally, another important topic of odor abatement technologies is treated, especially those related to biological low-impact processes. In conclusion, odor control is the main challenge for a sustainable implementation of modern waste treatment plants.
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7
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Fang C, Zhou L, Liu Y, Xiong J, Su Y, Lan Z, Han L, Huang G. Effect of micro-aerobic conditions based on semipermeable membrane-covered on greenhouse gas emissions and bacterial community during dairy manure storage at industrial scale. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118879. [PMID: 35081462 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the greenhouse gas emissions of solid dairy manure storage with the micro-aerobic group (MA; oxygen concentration <5%) and control group (CK; oxygen concentration <1%), and explained the difference in greenhouse gas emissions by exploring bacterial community succession. The results showed that the MA remained the micro-aerobic conditions, which the maximum and average oxygen concentrations were 4.1% and 1.9%, respectively; while the average oxygen concentrations of the CK without intervention management was 0.5%. Compared with the CK, carbon dioxide and methane emissions in MA were reduced by 78.68% and 99.97%, respectively, and nitrous oxide emission was increased by almost three times with a small absolute loss, but total greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 91.23%. BugBase analysis showed that the relative abundance of aerobic bacteria in CK decreased to 0.73% on day 30, while that in MA increased to 6.56%. Genus MBA03 was significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05) and was significantly positively correlated with carbon dioxide and methane emissions (p < 0.05). A structural equation model also revealed that the oxygen concentration and MBA03 of the MA had significant direct effects on methane emission rate (p < 0.001). The research results could provide theoretical basis and measures for directional regulation of greenhouse gas emission reduction during dairy manure storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinpeng Xiong
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya Su
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zefeng Lan
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Raclavská H, Růžičková J, Juchelková D, Šafář M, Brťková H, Slamová K. The quality of composts prepared in automatic composters from fruit waste generated by the production of beverages. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125878. [PMID: 34523548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring the processing of food waste from the production of food and beverages intheautomatic composters can be difficult because of the physicochemical properties of input raw materials. Very often, the final product does not meet the requirements forcomposts according to the European Compost Network. Optimisation of input food waste from theproduction ofbeverages was performed by the addition of the bulk materials such assawdust and clay minerals (bentonite). Toxicity of the compost is caused by organic compounds with polar and non-polar properties. These compounds belong to the groups ofalcohols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, tannin, and phenols, coumarins and terpenes. Phytotoxicity is mostly influenced by the group of terpenes. The addition ofsawdust used as bulking agent decreases the concentrations of almost all chemical compounds. Thegroup of tannin and compounds containing phenols represents an exception because these compounds are released from sawdust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Raclavská
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Růžičková
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šafář
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Brťková
- ENET Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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9
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Gaseous Emissions from the Composting Process: Controlling Parameters and Strategies of Mitigation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic waste generation, collection, and management have become a crucial problem in modern and developing societies. Among the technologies proposed in a circular economy and sustainability framework, composting has reached a strong relevance in terms of clean technology that permits reintroducing organic matter to the systems. However, composting has also negative environmental impacts, some of them of social concern. This is the case of composting atmospheric emissions, especially in the case of greenhouse gases (GHG) and certain families of volatile organic compounds (VOC). They should be taken into account in any environmental assessment of composting as organic waste management technology. This review presents the relationship between composting operation and composting gaseous emissions, in addition to typical emission values for the main organic wastes that are being composted. Some novel mitigation technologies to reduce gaseous emissions from composting are also presented (use of biochar), although it is evident that a unique solution does not exist, given the variability of exhaust gases from composting.
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10
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Jia C, Holt J, Nicholson H, Browder JE, Fu X, Yu X, Adkins R. Identification of origins and influencing factors of environmental odor episodes using trajectory and proximity analyses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113084. [PMID: 34153585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging for the governmental agencies to provide an instant response and to systematically analyze the huge number of odor complaints which are received frequently by them. This study aimed to establish a data analysis framework featuring trajectory and proximity analyses to confirm odor origins, assess impact areas, and identify determinants and mechanisms of odor episodes based on odor reports. The investigation used 273 odor complaints reported in northern Collierville, Tennessee, between January 1st, 2019 and December 15th, 2020. The location of each complaint was geocoded in Google Map, and the backward wind trajectories were calculated using the web-based Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The nearby Eplex Landfill and Collierville Northwest Sewage Treatment Plant were targeted for the analyses. Odor impacts were evaluated with temporal and spatial characteristics of reported odor episodes. Logistic models were performed to identify weather parameters that significantly influenced odor occurrence. The field inspections indicated two periods targeting different sources. Period 1: from January 1st, 2019 to October 31st, 2020, the landfill appeared as the major source; Period 2: from November 1st, 2020 to December 15th, 2020, the sewage plant emerged as the major source. In Period 1, 65% of the complaints had wind transporting from the landfill, and 88% occurred at residences within 500 m of the landfill. In Period 2, 33% of the complaints had wind that blew from the sewage plant and 85% occurred at residences within 1000 m from the sewage plant. The likelihood of an odor episode day was significantly associated with wind speed [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.56-0.77], temperature (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.98), and rainfall (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04). The odor issue in Collierville reflected poor zoning between the odor sources and residential areas. Separation distances of 500 m and 1000 m from the landfill and sewage facilities, respectively, are suggested to prevent odor issues. The proposed data analysis framework can be adopted by governmental agencies for fast responses to odor complaints, odor assessment, and environmental odor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Jim Holt
- Memphis Environmental Field Office, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Bartlett, TN, 38133, USA
| | - Herb Nicholson
- Memphis Environmental Field Office, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Bartlett, TN, 38133, USA
| | | | - Xianqiang Fu
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Xinhua Yu
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Ronné Adkins
- Memphis Environmental Field Office, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Bartlett, TN, 38133, USA
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11
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Mao L, Tsui TH, Zhang J, Dai Y, Tong YW. System integration of hydrothermal liquefaction and anaerobic digestion for wet biomass valorization: Biodegradability and microbial syntrophy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112981. [PMID: 34102499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge treatment & disposal pose environmental challenges in populated-dense urban environments. Due to its poor digestibility and dewaterability, sewage sludge contains high water content and concentrated nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) even after conditioning and mechanical thickening. Regarding this, a pretreatment step and downstream anaerobic digestion (AD) are often required. To meet our societal goal towards a circular economy, system integration of hydrothermal pretreatment and AD now present an attractive approach for recovering resources from the wet sewage sludge biomass. In this study, such system integration together with struvite precipitation was applied for valorizing sewage sludge. Firstly, hydrothermal conditions of different temperatures (160 °C-230 °C) and duration (2 h-12 h) were compared to their performance of nutrients solubilization. Subsequently, the hydrothermal condition of 220°C-3 h was selected for further investigations of struvite recovery and bioenergy production. Through AD comparisons, the integrated process improved the ultimate biomethane yield by 38%. Interestingly, a lag phase occurred in the midst of the AD, which indicated the need for microbial acclimatization after the hydrothermal process. The long-term microbial monitoring revealed the efficient biomethane re-generation was closely related to the late enrichment of Syntrophus for potential H2-syntrophy. Therefore, on one hand, this study investigated an efficient and integrated approach of sewage sludge valorization. On other hand, it uncovered the microbial bottlenecks and potential biotechnological means for further system improvement. Further research about nutrients speciation in the integrated system would be desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Mao
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - To-Hung Tsui
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 3 YinlianRoad, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjun Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585.
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Challenges and Control Strategies of Odor Emission from Composting Operation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2331-2356. [PMID: 33635490 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Composting is a biological decomposition process that occurs from microbial progression, which brings about the degradation and stabilization of various organic waste into compost. During composting, the emission of undesirable odor adversely affects compost quality and causes environmental deterioration. Also, odor emission from composting adversely affects human health and well-being. Ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are major components of odorous gases responsible for unpleasant odor. Physiological parameters such as pH, temperature, and aeration affect the pattern of odor emission during the composting process. The lack of techniques for the accurate identification and estimation of odor and control are some major challenges associated with composting. Therefore, the present review article concentrates on challenges and solutions to odor control. Biotrickling filter, optimization of process parameters, usage of additives, microbial inoculation, and pre-treatment techniques are practiced to lower odor emission during the process. The application of metagenomics may provide insight into the various biogeochemical pathways that can be explored in the future for odor control.
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Technological Effectiveness of Sugar-Industry Effluent Methane Fermentation in a Fluidized Active Filling Reactor (FAF-R). ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Technological solutions allowing the increase of the technological efficiency of anaerobic methods of wastewater treatment are still under investigation. The weaknesses of these solutions can be limited by the use of active fillings. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of fluidized active filling on the effectiveness of anaerobic treatment of sugar-industry effluent, the production efficiency and the qualitative composition of the biogas produced. High, comparable (p = 0.05) effluent treatment results were observed at tested organic load rates between 4.0 and 6.0 kg COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/m3·d. The COD removal rate reached over 74%, biogas yields ranged from 356 ± 25 to 427 ± 14 dm3/kg CODremoved and the average methane contents were approximately 70%. A significant decrease in effluent treatment efficiency and methane fermentation was observed after increasing the organic load rate to 8.0 kg COD/m3·d, which correlated with decreased pH and FOS/TAC (volatile organic acid and buffer capacity ratio) increased to 0.44 ± 0.2. The use of fluidized active filling led to phosphorus removal with an efficiency ranged from 64.4 ± 2.4 to 81.2 ± 8.2% depending on the stage. Low concentration of total suspended solids in the treated effluent was also observed.
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Yousefian F, Hassanvand MS, Nodehi RN, Amini H, Rastkari N, Aghaei M, Yunesian M, Yaghmaeian K. The concentration of BTEX compounds and health risk assessment in municipal solid waste facilities and urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110068. [PMID: 32846179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, human exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), along with their respective risk assessment is studied in four major units (n = 14-point sources) of the largest municipal solid waste management facilities (MSWF) in Iran. The results were compared with four urban sites in Tehran, capital of Iran. Workers at the pre-processing unit are exposed to the highest total BTEX (151 μg m-3). In specific, they were exposed to benzene concentrations of 11 μg m-3. Moreover, the total BTEX (t-BTEX) concentrations measured over the conveyor belt was 198 μg m-3 at most, followed by trommel (104), and active landfills (43). The mean concentration of ambient t-BTEX in Tehran is 100 μg m-3. On average, xylenes and toluene have the highest concentrations in both on-site and urban environments, with mean values of 24 and 21, and 41 and 37 μg m-3, respectively. Even though the non-carcinogenic risk of occupational exposure is negligible, BTEX is likely to increase the chance of carcinogenic risks (1.7E-05) for workers at the pre-processing unit. A definite carcinogenic risk of 1.3E-04, and non-carcinogenic effect, of HI = 1.6 were observed in one urban site. With the exception of the pre-processing unit, the citizens of Tehran had higher exposure to BTEX. Overall, BTEX concentrations in the largest MSWF of Iran remains an issue of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heresh Amini
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Aghaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Management (CSWM), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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