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Xing J, Ding R, Chen F, Peng L, Wang W, Song X, Ye Q, Liu Y. Fine particle trace elements at a mountain site in southern China: Source identification, transport, and health risks. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:166-181. [PMID: 38408818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter play a significant role in air quality, human health, and biogeochemical cycles. In this study, the trace elements (Ca, Al, K, Fe, Na, Mg, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Sr, Ni) in PM2.5 samples collected at the summit of Mt. Lushan were analyzed to quantify their abundance, source, transport, and health risks. During the whole sampling period, the major trace elements was Ca, Al, and K. While the trace metals with the lowest concentrations were Sr, Ni, Rb, and Cd. The trace elements were influenced by air mass transport routes, exhibiting an increasing trend of crustal elements in the northwesterly airmass and anthropogenic elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in the easterly air masses. Construction dust, coal + biomass burning, vehicle emission, urban nitrate-rich + urban waste incineration emissions, and soil dust + industry emissions were common sources of PM2.5 on Mt. Lushan. Different air mass transport routes had various source contribution patterns. These results indicate that trace elements at Mt. Lushan are influenced by regional anthropogenic emissions and monsoon-dominated trace element transport. The total resulting cancer risk value that these elements posed were below the acceptable risk value of 1 × 10-6, while the non-carcinogenic risk value (1.72) was higher than the safety level, suggesting that non-carcinogenic effects due to these trace elements inhalation were likely to occur. Vehicle emission and coal + biomass burning were the common dominant sources of non-cancer risks posed by trace elements at Mt. Lushan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Runping Ding
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Feifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Linyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources & Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Liu S, Wu T, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Tian J, Ran W, Cao J. High time-resolution source apportionment and health risk assessment for PM 2.5-bound elements at an industrial city in northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161907. [PMID: 36731549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To better respond to heavy air pollution, the local government of Baoji City, a traditionally industry dominated city in northwest China, released several warning levels between December 2019 and January 2020. The system aims to provide a more efficient control of pollution sources. In this study, a high-time resolution measurement of PM2.5-bound elements was applied to capture the diurnal-scale dynamic processes associated with major pollution activities in northwest China. A series of elements were quantified and used for source apportionment using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Combined with the local characteristics, nine sources were resolved with contributions in descending order: fugitive dust (36.6 %), biomass burning (20.1 %), traffic-related (10.4 %), coal combustion (10.0 %), titanium alloy smelting (7.2 %), As-related industry (6.9 %), Zn-related industry (5.6 %), molybdenum alloy smelting (2.5 %), and Cr-related industry (0.7 %). The health risk assessment indicated non-carcinogenic risks for Mn and carcinogenic risks for As and Cr in both adults and children. The cumulative non-carcinogenic risk for the elements was 3.2 times the safety threshold, while the carcinogenic risk (CR) was 6.8 and 27 times the acceptable levels for children and adults, respectively. For source-resolved risks, As- and Cr-related industry emissions showed the highest carcinogenic risk. Five of the nine resolved sources for adults have CR values 1.4 and 9.7 times the acceptable level. This study provides valuable information for developing targeted strategies to control air pollutants and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weikang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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Fakhri N, Fadel M, Pikridas M, Sciare J, Hayes PL, Afif C. Source apportionment of PM 2.5 using organic/inorganic markers and emission inventory evaluation in the East Mediterranean-Middle East city of Beirut. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115446. [PMID: 36758920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations were evaluated in Greater Beirut (Lebanon), a typical East Mediterranean-Middle East (EMME) city, using Positive Matrix Factorization with two approaches. The first approach included only inorganic species (PMF-trad) and the other approach added organic markers (PMF-org). PMF-org identified 4 additional sources, and large discrepancies in contributions were observed for some major sources found in both approaches, highlighting the importance of including organic markers. The traffic factor was underestimated in PMF-trad by 2 to 7 folds. Moreover, results showed that this city is prone to high desert dust concentrations originating from uncontrollable dust storm events, like all cities in the Middle East. A PM2.5 mitigation plan taking into account the potency of the identified sources was developed. Sources like diesel generators or traffic presented smaller contributions in term of mass compared to desert dust, however the health impact of the latter is relatively small and actions should target sources with the highest potency. Local emission inventories in the EMME region are scarce and studies typically rely on global emission inventories for local air quality management plans, but these inventories significantly underestimate Beirut's road transport emissions by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi Fakhri
- EMMA Research Group, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculty of Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Fadel
- EMMA Research Group, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculty of Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michael Pikridas
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jean Sciare
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Patrick L Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Charbel Afif
- EMMA Research Group, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculty of Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Wang W, Chen C, Liu D, Wang M, Han Q, Zhang X, Feng X, Sun A, Mao P, Xiong Q, Zhang C. Health risk assessment of PM 2.5 heavy metals in county units of northern China based on Monte Carlo simulation and APCS-MLR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156777. [PMID: 35724780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The key areas of China's urbanization process have gradually shifted from urban areas to county-level units. Correspondingly, air pollution in county towns may be heavier than in urban areas, which has led to a lack of understanding of the pollution situation in such areas. In view of this, 236 PM2.5 filter samples were collected in Pingyao, north of the Fen-Wei Plain, one of the most polluted areas in China. Monte Carlo simulation was used to solve the serious uncertainties of traditional HRA, and the coupling technology of absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and health risk assessment (HRA) is used to quantitatively analyze the health risks of pollution sources. The results showed that PM2.5 concentration was highest in autumn, 3.73 times the 24 h guideline recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Children were more susceptible to heavy metals in the county-level unit, with high hazard quotient (HQ) values of Pb being the dominant factor leading to an increased non-carcinogenic risk. A significant carcinogenic risk was observed for all groups in autumn in Pingyao, with exposure to Ni in the outdoor environment being the main cause. Vehicle emissions and coal combustion were identified as two major sources of health threats. In short, China's county-level population, about one-tenth of the world's population, faces far more health risks than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring Technology, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring Technology, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China.
| | - Qiao Han
- Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xixi Feng
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Ang Sun
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Pan Mao
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Qinqing Xiong
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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Luo W, Deng Z, Zhong S, Deng M. Trends, Issues and Future Directions of Urban Health Impact Assessment Research: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105957. [PMID: 35627492 PMCID: PMC9141375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health impact assessment (HIA) has been regarded as an important means and tool for urban planning to promote public health and further promote the integration of health concept. This paper aimed to help scientifically to understand the current situation of urban HIA research, analyze its discipline co-occurrence, publication characteristics, partnership, influence, keyword co-occurrence, co-citation, and structural variation. Based on the ISI Web database, this paper used a bibliometric method to analyze 2215 articles related to urban HIA published from 2012 to 2021. We found that the main research directions in the field were Environmental Sciences and Public Environmental Occupational Health; China contributed most articles, the Tehran University of Medical Sciences was the most influential institution, Science of the Total Environment was the most influential journal, Yousefi M was the most influential author. The main hotspots include health risk assessment, source appointment, contamination, exposure, particulate matter, heavy metals and urban soils in 2012–2021; road dust, source apposition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollution, urban topsoil and the north China plain were always hot research topics in 2012–2021, drinking water and water quality became research topics of great concern in 2017–2021. There were 25 articles with strong transformation potential during 2020–2021, but most papers carried out research on the health risk assessment of toxic elements in soil and dust. Finally, we also discussed the limitations of this paper and the direction of bibliometric analysis of urban HIA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Luo
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (W.L.); (Z.D.)
- School of Accounting, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zhongping Deng
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (W.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Shihu Zhong
- Shanghai National Accounting Institute, Shanghai 201702, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Mingjun Deng
- Big Data and Intelligent Decision Research Center, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
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Li X, Yan C, Wang C, Ma J, Li W, Liu J, Liu Y. PM 2.5-bound elements in Hebei Province, China: Pollution levels, source apportionment and health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150440. [PMID: 34844311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particle-bound elements have attracted increasing attentions due to their health effects and atmospheric catalytic reactivity. However, elements in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have not been well investigated even in some highly polluted area. In this study, 22 elements in PM2.5 were measured by a multi-metal monitor in ten prefecture-level and county-level cities in Hebei province, one of the most polluted provinces in China, during the heating and non-heating seasons. Source apportionment of PM2.5-bound elements were conducted, and health risks of individual elements and different sources were assessed. The results showed that, total elements (TEs) measured contributed to 2%-7% of the PM2.5 mass, with potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) as the most abundant elements, accounting for about 71%- 87% of TEs mass. Concentrations of chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) were more likely to exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) limits. Source apportionment results indicated that PM2.5-bound elements were primarily from coal combustion, dust, traffic, ferrous metal smelting and oil combustion, and other industrial related sources. Therein, ferrous metal smelting and oil combustion, coal combustion and industry were the predominant source of Cr, As and Cd, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of As for children could exceed the precautionary criteria, and coal combustion source had the highest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. This study suggested that attentions should be paid not only on PM2.5 mass but also PM2.5-bound compounds especially heavy metals and metalloids to reduce health risks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Chunying Wang
- Sailhero Environmental Protection High-tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jingjin Ma
- Sailhero Environmental Protection High-tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wanxin Li
- Sailhero Environmental Protection High-tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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