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Kraisitnitikul P, Thepnuan D, Chansuebsri S, Yabueng N, Wiriya W, Saksakulkrai S, Shi Z, Chantara S. Contrasting compositions of PM 2.5 in Northern Thailand during La Niña (2017) and El Niño (2019) years. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:585-599. [PMID: 37778829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
There have been a very limited number of systematic studies on PM2.5 compositions and their source contribution in Southeast Asia. This study aims to explore the characteristics of PM2.5 composition collected in Chiang Mai (Thailand) during La Niña and El Niño years and to apportion their sources during smoke haze and non-haze periods. The average PM2.5 concentration of smoke haze episode in 2019 (El Niño) was much higher than in 2017 (La Niña). The ratios of organic carbon (OC) to elemental carbon (EC), as well as K (biomass burning (BB) tracer) to PM2.5, were higher during smoke haze episodes in 2019 than in 2017 indicating a significant influence from BB. The ratios of secondary organic carbon (SOC) levels to primary organic carbon (POC) levels during smoke haze episodes were higher than those in non-haze period, which indicated greater SOC contributions or more photo-oxidation of precursors in haze episodes with high ambient temperatures. However, the ratios of soil markers (Ca and Mg) during non-haze period were high implying that soil source contributed more to PM2.5 concentrations when there less BB occurred. The positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model revealed that the source of BB, characterized by high K fractions, was the largest contributor during smoke haze episodes accounting for 50% (2017) and 79% (2019). Climate conditions influence meteorological patterns, particularly during incidences of extreme weather such as droughts, which affect the scale and frequency of open burning and thus air pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavidarin Kraisitnitikul
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Duangduean Thepnuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand.
| | - Sarana Chansuebsri
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttipon Yabueng
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wan Wiriya
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supattarachai Saksakulkrai
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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A Climatological Satellite Assessment of Absorbing Carbonaceous Aerosols on a Global Scale. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A global climatology of absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (ACA) for the period 2005–2015 is obtained by using satellite MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-Aqua and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument)-Aura aerosol optical properties and by applying an algorithm. The algorithm determines the frequency of presence of ACA (black and brown carbon) over the globe at 1° × 1° pixel level and on a daily basis. The results of the algorithm indicate high frequencies of ACA (up to 19 days/month) over world regions with extended biomass burning, such as the tropical forests of southern and central Africa, South America and equatorial Asia, over savannas, cropland areas or boreal forests, as well as over urban and rural areas with intense anthropogenic activities, such as the eastern coast of China or the Indo-Gangetic plain. A clear seasonality of the frequency of occurrence of ACA is evident, with increased values during June–October over southern Africa, during July–November over South America, August–November over Indonesia, November–March over central Africa and November–April over southeastern Asia. The estimated seasonality of ACA is in line with the known annual patterns of worldwide biomass-burning emissions, while other features such as the export of carbonaceous aerosols from southern Africa to the southeastern Atlantic Ocean are also successfully reproduced by the algorithm. The results indicate a noticeable interannual variability and tendencies of ACA over specific world regions during 2005–2015, such as statistically significant increasing frequency of occurrence over southern Africa and eastern Asia.
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