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Hsiang CC, Ng IS. ASIA: An automated stress-inducible adaptor for enhanced stress protein expression in engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1902-1911. [PMID: 38450753 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Orthogonal T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) and T7 promoter is a potent technique for protein expression in broad cells, but the energy requirements associated with this method impede the growth, leading to cell lysis when dealing with toxic and stress proteins. A Lemo21(DE3) strain denoted as L21 offers a solution by fine-tuning T7RNAP levels under rhamnose to induce T7 lysozyme (LysY) and enhance the protein production, but it requires optimization of inducer concentration, cultural temperature, and condition, even the types of carbon sources. Herein, we construct an automated stress-inducible adaptor (ASIA) employing different stress-inducible promoters from Escherichia coli. The ASIA system is designed to automatically regulate LysY expression in response to stress signals, thereby suppressing T7RNAP and amplifying the overexpression of stress protein cutinase ICCM. This approach fine-tunes T7RNAP levels and outperforms L21 in various temperatures and carbon source conditions. The ASIAhtp strain maintains ICCM yield at 91.6 mg/g-DCW even in the limiting carbon source at 1 g/L, which is 12-fold higher in protein productivity compared to using L21. ASIA as a versatile and robust tool for enhancing overexpression of stress proteins in E. coli is expected to address more difficult proteins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chieh Hsiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Mittra D, Mahalik S. Improving the production of recombinant L-Asparaginase-II in Escherichia coli by co-expressing catabolite repressor activator ( cra) gene. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:709-719. [PMID: 38692288 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2279097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Identification of a single genetic target for microbial strain improvement is difficult due to the complexity of the genetic regulatory network. Hence, a more practical approach is to identify bottlenecks in the regulatory networks that control critical metabolic pathways. The present work focuses on enhancing cellular physiology by increasing the metabolic flux through the central carbon metabolic pathway. Global regulator cra (catabolite repressor activator), a DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator was selected for the study as it controls the expression of a large number of operons that modulate central carbon metabolism. To upregulate the activity of central carbon metabolism, the cra gene was co-expressed using a plasmid-based system. Co-expression of cra led to a 17% increase in the production of model recombinant protein L-Asparaginase-II. A pulse addition of 0.36% of glycerol every two hours post-induction, further increased the production of L-Asparaginase-II by 35% as compared to the control strain expressing only recombinant protein. This work exemplifies that upregulating the activity of central carbon metabolism by tuning the expression of regulatory genes like cra can relieve the host from cellular stress and thereby promote the growth as well as expression of recombinant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashrita Mittra
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Balasore, India
| | - Shubhashree Mahalik
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Balasore, India
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Igwe CL, Pauk JN, Müller DF, Jaeger M, Deuschitz D, Hartmann T, Spadiut O. Comprehensive evaluation of recombinant lactate dehydrogenase production from inclusion bodies. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:65-77. [PMID: 38036002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A broad application spectrum ranging from clinical diagnostics to biosensors in a variety of sectors, makes the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) highly interesting for recombinant protein production. Expression of recombinant LDH is currently mainly carried out in uncontrolled shake-flask cultivations leading to protein that is mostly produced in its soluble form, however in rather low yields. Inclusion body (IB) processes have gathered a lot of attention due to several benefits like increased space-time yields and high purity of the target product. Thus, to investigate the suitability of this processing strategy for ldhL1 production, a fed-batch fermentation steering the production of IBs rather than soluble product formation was developed. It was shown that the space-time-yield of the fermentation could be increased almost 3-fold by increasing qs to 0.25 g g-1 h-1 which corresponds to 21% of qs,max, and keeping the temperature at 37°C after induction. Solubilization and refolding unit operations were developed to regain full bioactivity of the ldhL1. The systematic approach in screening for solubilization and refolding conditions revealed buffer compositions and processing strategies that ultimately resulted in 50% product recovery in the refolding step, revealing major optimization potential in the downstream processing chain. The recovered ldhL1 showed an optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 30∘C with a high catalytic activity and KM values of 0.46 mM and 0.18 mM for pyruvate and NADH, respectively. These features, show that the here produced LDH is a valuable source for various commercial applications, especially considering low pH-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Linda Igwe
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Hafenstraße 47-51, Linz 4020, Austria; Institute of Chemical, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Jan Niklas Pauk
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Hafenstraße 47-51, Linz 4020, Austria; Institute of Chemical, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | | | - Mira Jaeger
- Institute of Chemical, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Hartmann
- Institute of Chemical, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria.
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Haapanen S, Angeli A, Tolvanen M, Emameh RZ, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition of the novel β-carbonic anhydrase from parasitic blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2184299. [PMID: 36856011 PMCID: PMC9980027 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2184299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is an intestinal parasite with one β-class carbonic anhydrase, SmaBCA. We report the sequence enhancing, production, catalytic activity, and inhibition results of the recombinant SmaBCA. It showed significant catalytic activity on CO2 hydration in vitro with kcat 1.38 × 105 s-1 and kcat/Km 2.33 × 107 M-1 s-1. Several sulphonamide inhibitors, from which many are clinically used, showed submicromolar or nanomolar inhibitory effects on SmaBCA. The most efficient inhibitor with a KI of 43.8 nM was 4-(2-amino-pyrimidine-4-yl)-benzenesulfonamide. Other effective inhibitors with KIs in the range of 79.4-95.9 nM were benzolamide, brinzolamide, topiramate, dorzolamide, saccharin, epacadostat, celecoxib, and famotidine. The other tested compounds showed at least micromolar range inhibition against SmaBCA. Our results introduce SmaBCA as a novel target for drug development against schistosomiasis, a highly prevalent parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Haapanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,CONTACT Susanna Haapanen Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Martti Tolvanen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Van Zyl WF, Van Staden AD, Dicks LMT, Trindade M. Use of the mCherry fluorescent protein to optimize the expression of class I lanthipeptides in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:149. [PMID: 37559122 PMCID: PMC10413542 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lanthipeptides are a rapidly expanding family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified natural compounds with diverse biological functions. Lanthipeptide structural and biosynthetic genes can readily be identified in genomic datasets, which provides a substantial repository for unique peptides with a wide range of potentially novel bioactivities. To realize this potential efficiently optimized heterologous production systems are required. However, only a few class I lanthipeptides have been successfully expressed using Escherichia coli as heterologous producer. This may be attributed to difficulties experienced in the co-expression of structural genes and multiple processing genes as well as complex optimization experiments. RESULTS Here, an optimized modular plasmid system is presented for the complete biosynthesis for each of the class I lanthipeptides nisin and clausin, in E. coli. Genes encoding precursor lanthipeptides were fused to the gene encoding the mCherry red fluorescent protein and co-expressed along with the required synthetases from the respective operons. Antimicrobially active nisin and clausin were proteolytically liberated from the expressed mCherry fusions. The mCherry-NisA expression system combined with in vivo fluorescence monitoring was used to elucidate the effect of culture media composition, promoter arrangement, and culture conditions including choice of growth media and inducer agents on the heterologous expression of the class I lanthipeptides. To evaluate the promiscuity of the clausin biosynthetic enzymes, the optimized clausin expression system was used for the heterologous expression of epidermin. CONCLUSION We succeeded in developing novel mCherry-fusion based plug and play heterologous expression systems to produce two different subgroups of class I lanthipeptides. Fully modified Pre-NisA, Pre-ClausA and Pre-EpiA fused to the mCherry fluorescence gene was purified from the Gram-negative host E. coli BL21 (DE3). Our study demonstrates the potential of using in vivo fluorescence as a platform to evaluate the expression of mCherry-fused lanthipeptides in E. coli. This allowed a substantial reduction in optimization time, since expression could be monitored in real-time, without the need for extensive and laborious purification steps or the use of in vitro activity assays. The optimized heterologous expression systems developed in this study may be employed in future studies for the scalable expression of novel NisA derivatives, or novel genome mined derivatives of ClausA and other class I lanthipeptides in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F Van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Anton D Van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marla Trindade
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bivar Matias SC, de Azevedo B, da Costa Filho JDB, Lima MM, Moura AD, Arantes Martins DR, de Sousa Júnior FC, Santos ESD. Enhancing the expression of multi-antigen chimeric TGAGS/BST protein from Toxoplasma gondii in Escherichia coli BL 21 Star during batch cultivation. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 201:106173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu W, Tang S, Peng J, Pan L, Wang J, Cheng H, Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhou H. Enhancing heterologous expression of a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5162-5171. [PMID: 35289934 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) in human milk and has important physiological functions. The market demand of 2'-FL is continuing to grow, but high production cost has limited its availability. To solve the dilemma, biosynthesis of 2'-FL has been proposed and is considered the most promising pathway for massive production. α-1,2-Fucosyltransferase is one of the key elements involved in its biosynthesis, but the limited intracellular accumulation and unstable properties of α-1,2-fucosyltransferases when expressed in host strains have become a major hurdle for the effective biosynthesis of 2'-FL. RESULTS A combinatorial engineering strategy of synergic modification of ribosome binding site, fusion peptide and enzyme gene was leveraged to enhance the soluble expression of α-1,2-fucosyltransferases and promote enzyme activity. The preferable combination was to employ an optimized ribosome binding site region to drive 3 × FLAG as a fusion partner along with the α-1,2-fucosyltransferase for expression in Escherichia coli (DE3) PlySs, and protein yield and enzyme activity were remarkably improved by 11.51-fold and 13.72-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION After finely tuning the synergy among different elements, the abundant protein yield and high enzyme activity confirmed that the drawbacks of heterologous expression in α-1,2-fucosyltransferase had been properly addressed. A suitable external environment further drives the efficient synthesis of α-1,2-fucosyltransferases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a systematic and effective modification of α-1,2-fucosyltransferase expression, which could potentially serve as a guideline for industrial application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shizhe Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Ausnutria Dairy China Co. Ltd, Ausnutria Institute Food & Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ausnutria Dairy China Co. Ltd, Ausnutria Institute Food & Nutrition, Changsha, China
| | - Haina Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Rai N, Kim M, Tagkopoulos I. Understanding the Formation and Mechanism of Anticipatory Responses in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115985. [PMID: 35682665 PMCID: PMC9181292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms often live in complex habitats, where changes in the environment are predictable, providing an opportunity for microorganisms to learn, anticipate the upcoming environmental changes and prepare in advance for better survival and growth. One such environment is the mammalian intestine, where the abundance of different carbon sources is spatially distributed. In this study, we identified seven spatially distributed carbon sources in the mammalian intestine and tested whether Escherichia coli exhibits phenotypes that are consistent with an anticipatory response given their spatial order and abundance within the mammalian intestine. Through RNA-Seq and RT-PCR validation measurements, we found that there was a 67% match in the expression patterns between the measured phenotypes and what would otherwise be expected in the case of anticipatory behavior, while 83% and 0% were in agreement with the homeostatic and random response, respectively. To understand the genetic and phenotypic basis of the discrepancies between the expected and measured anticipatory responses, we thoroughly investigated the discrepancy in D-galactose treatment and the expression of maltose operon in E. coli. Here, the expected anticipatory response, based on the spatial distribution of D-galactose and D-maltose, was that D-galactose should upregulate the maltose operon, but it was the opposite in experimental validation. We performed whole genome random mutagenesis and screening and identified E. coli strains with positive expression of maltose operon in D-galactose. Targeted Sanger sequencing and mutation repair identified that the mutations in the promoter region of malT and in the coding region of the crp gene were the factors responsible for the reversion in the association. Further, to identify why positive association in the D-galactose treatment and the expression of the maltose operon did not evolve naturally, fitness measurements were performed. Fitness experiments demonstrated that the fitness of E. coli strains with a positive association in the D-galactose treatment and the expression of the maltose operon was 12% to 20% lower than that of the wild type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Rai
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Minseung Kim
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ilias Tagkopoulos
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.R.); (M.K.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- USDA/NSF AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems (AIFS), University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Auto-inducible promoter systems have been reported to increase soluble product formation in the periplasm of E. coli compared to inducer-dependent systems. In this study, we investigated the phosphate (PO4)-sensitive phoA expression system (pAT) for the production of a recombinant model antigen-binding fragment (Fab) in the periplasm of E. coli in detail. We explored the impact of non-limiting and limiting PO4 conditions on strain physiology as well as Fab productivity. We compared different methods for extracellular PO4 detection, identifying automated colorimetric measurement to be most suitable for at-line PO4 monitoring. We showed that PO4 limitation boosts phoA-based gene expression, however, the product was already formed at non-limiting PO4 conditions, indicating leaky expression. Furthermore, cultivation under PO4 limitation caused physiological changes ultimately resulting in a metabolic breakdown at PO4 starvation. Finally, we give recommendations for process optimization with the phoA expression system. In summary, our study provides very detailed information on the E. coli phoA expression system, thus extending the existing knowledge of this system, and underlines its high potential for the successful production of periplasmic products in E. coli.
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Pawaskar GM, Raval K, Rohit P, Shenoy RP, Raval R. Cloning, expression, purification and characterization of chitin deacetylase extremozyme from halophilic Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:515. [PMID: 34917446 PMCID: PMC8636556 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin deacetylase (CDA) (EC 3.5.1.41) is a hydrolytic enzyme that belongs to carbohydrate esterase family 4 as per the CAZY database. The CDA enzyme deacetylates chitin into chitosan. As the marine ecosystem is a rich source of chitin, it would also hold the unexplored extremophiles. In this study, an organism was isolated from 40 m sea sediment under halophilic condition and identified as Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 by 16S rRNA sequencing. The CDA gene from the isolate was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli Rosetta pLysS and purified using a Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme was found active on both ethylene glycol chitin (EGC) and chitooligosaccharides (COS). The enzyme characterization study revealed, maximum enzyme velocity at one hour, optimum pH at 7 with 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, optimum reaction temperature of 30 ºC in standard assay conditions. The co-factor screening affirmed enhancement in the enzyme activity by 142.43 ± 7.13% and 146.88 ± 4.09% with substrate EGC and COS, respectively, in the presence of 2 mM Mg2+. This activity was decreased with the inclusion of EDTA and acetate in the assay solutions. The enzyme was found to be halotolerant; the relative activity increased to 116.98 ± 3.87% and 118.70 ± 0.98% with EGC and COS as substrates in the presence of 1 M NaCl. The enzyme also demonstrated thermo-stability, retaining 87.27 ± 2.85% and 94.08 ± 0.92% activity with substrate EGC and COS, respectively, upon treatment at 50 ºC for 24 h. The kinetic parameters K m, V max, and K cat were 3.06E-05 µg mL-1, 3.06E + 01 µM mg-1 min-1 and 3.27E + 04 s-1, respectively, with EGC as the substrate and 7.14E-07 µg mL-1, 7.14E + 01 µM mg-1 min-1 and 1.40E + 06 s-1, respectively, with COS as the substrate. The enzyme was found to be following Michaelis-Menten kinetics with both the polymeric and oligomeric substrates. In recent years, enzymatic conversion of chitosan is gaining importance due to its known pattern of deacetylation and reproducibility. Thus, this BaCDA extremozyme could be used for industrial production of chitosan polymer as well as chitosan oligosaccharides for biomedical application. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03073-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Mohan Pawaskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, 575025 India
| | - Prathibha Rohit
- ICAR-Central Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mangalore, 575001 India
| | - Revathi P. Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
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Fan Q, Neubauer P, Gimpel M. Production of soluble regulatory hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha in Escherichia coli using a fed-batch-based autoinduction system. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:201. [PMID: 34663324 PMCID: PMC8522226 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoinduction systems can regulate protein production in Escherichia coli without the need to monitor cell growth or add inducer at the proper time following culture growth. Compared to classical IPTG induction, autoinduction provides a simple and fast way to obtain high protein yields. In the present study, we report on the optimization process for the enhanced heterologous production of the Ralstonia eutropha regulatory hydrogenase (RH) in E. coli using autoinduction. These autoinduction methods were combined with the EnPresso B fed-batch like growth system, which applies slow in situ enzymatic glucose release from a polymer to control cell growth and protein synthesis rate. Results We were able to produce 125 mg L−1 RH corresponding to a productivity averaged over the whole process time of 3 mg (L h)−1 in shake flasks using classic single-shot IPTG induction. IPTG autoinduction resulted in a comparable volumetric RH yield of 112 mg L−1 and due to the shorter overall process time in a 1.6-fold higher productivity of 5 mg (L h)−1. In contrast, lactose autoinduction increased the volumetric yield more than 2.5-fold and the space time yield fourfold reaching 280 mg L−1 and 11.5 mg (L h)−1, respectively. Furthermore, repeated addition of booster increased RH production to 370 mg L−1, which to our knowledge is the highest RH concentration produced in E. coli to date. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm the general feasibility of the developed fed-batch based autoinduction system and provide an alternative to conventional induction systems for efficient recombinant protein production. We believe that the fed-batch based autoinduction system developed herein will favor the heterologous production of larger quantities of difficult-to-express complex enzymes to enable economical production of these kinds of proteins. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01690-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Gimpel
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Kayastha S, Sagwan-Barkdoll L, Anterola A, Jayakody LN. Developing synthetic microbes to produce indirubin-derivatives. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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A Guideline to Set Up Cascaded Continuous Cultivation with E. coli Bl21 (DE3). METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2436:223-240. [PMID: 34519978 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Continuous processing allows to maximize space-time yields and is implemented in many industrial branches. However, in manufacturing of value added compounds produced with microbial hosts, continuous processing is not state-of-the-art yet. This is because fluctuating productivity causes unwanted process deviations. Cascaded continuous bioprocessing, unlike conventional continuous process modes, was found to result in stable productivity. This manuscript serves as a guideline how to set up a cascaded continuous cultivation with Escherichia coli BL21 DE(3).
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Kim JH, Kim YS, Moon SH, Park DH, Kim MC, Choi JH, Shin JH, Park KW. Enhanced electrochemical performance of a selectively formed V2O3/C composite structure for Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in continuous bioprocessing as a cost-optimised production strategy, driven by a rising global requirement for recombinant proteins used as biological drugs. This strategy could provide several benefits over traditional batch processing, including smaller bioreactors, smaller facilities, and overall reduced plant footprints and investment costs. Continuous processes may also offer improved product quality and minimise heterogeneity, both in the culture and in the product. In this paper, a model protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP) mut3*, was used to test the recombinant protein expression in an Escherichia coli strain with industrial relevance grown in chemostat. An important factor in enabling stable productivity in continuous cultures is the carbon source. We have studied the viability and heterogeneity of the chemostat cultures using a chemically defined medium based on glucose or glycerol as the single carbon source. As a by-product of biodiesel production, glycerol is expected to become a sustainable alternative substrate to glucose. We have found that although glycerol gives a higher cell density, it also generates higher heterogeneity in the culture and a less stable recombinant protein production. We suggest that manipulating the balance between different subpopulations to increase the proportion of productive cells may be a possible solution for making glycerol a successful alternative to glucose.
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16
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Atta OM, Manan S, Ahmed AAQ, Awad MF, Ul-Islam M, Subhan F, Ullah MW, Yang G. Development and Characterization of Yeast-Incorporated Antimicrobial Cellulose Biofilms for Edible Food Packaging Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142310. [PMID: 34301067 PMCID: PMC8309339 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique properties and advantages of edible films over conventional food packaging have led the way to their extensive exploration in recent years. Moreover, the incorporation of bioactive components during their production has further enhanced the intrinsic features of packaging materials. This study was aimed to develop edible and bioactive food packaging films comprising yeast incorporated into bacterial cellulose (BC) in conjunction with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycerol (Gly) to extend the shelf life of packaged food materials. First, yeast biomass and BC hydrogels were produced by Meyerozyma guilliermondii (MT502203.1) and Gluconacetobacter xylinus (ATCC53582), respectively, and then the films were developed ex situ by mixing 30 wt.% CMC, 30 wt.% Gly, 2 wt.% yeast dry biomass, and 2 wt.% BC slurry. FE-SEM observation showed the successful incorporation of Gly and yeast into the fibrous cellulose matrix. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the development of composite films through chemical interaction between BC, CMC, Gly, and yeast. The developed BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composite films showed high water solubility (42.86%). The yeast-incorporated films showed antimicrobial activities against three microbial strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces aureus, by producing clear inhibition zones of 16 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively, after 24 h. Moreover, the films were non-toxic against NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. Finally, the coating of oranges and tomatoes with BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composites enhanced the shelf life at different storage temperatures. The BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composite film-coated oranges and tomatoes demonstrated acceptable sensory features such as odor and color, not only at 6 °C but also at room temperature and further elevated temperatures at 30 °C and 40 °C for up to two weeks. The findings of this study indicate that the developed BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composite films could be used as edible packaging material with high nutritional value and distinctive properties related to the film component, which would provide protection to foods and extend their shelf life, and thus could find applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mohammad Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Sehrish Manan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
| | - Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman;
| | - Fazli Subhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.U.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.U.); (G.Y.)
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Kumar J, Chauhan AS, Gupta JA, Rathore AS. Supplementation of critical amino acids improves glycerol and lactose uptake and enhances recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100143. [PMID: 34047499 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactose-based induction strategy in E. coli cultivation has several advantages over IPTG as it is cheap, does not impart metabolic stress to cells, and is non-toxic to cells. However, complexity of lactose as an inducer limits its application in fed-batch cultivation. A mixed glycerol-lactose based induction strategy is generally opted during fed-batch cultivation of E. coli. However, slow growth of E. coli in glycerol and lactose results in slower induction of heterologous protein. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS In this study, initially we have demonstrated supplementation of critical amino acids (AAs) improves uptake rate of glycerol and lactose in wildtype E. coli BL21(DE3) in defined medium. A feeding strategy of mixed glycerol-lactose feed along with supplement of critical AAs enhances recombinant production of pramlintide multimer (rPramlintide). High cell density cultivation of E. coli using mixed glycerol-lactose feed and critical AAs supplement resulted in final cell density of 52.2 ± 0.90 g L-1 and rPramlintide titer of 7.8 g L-1 . RT-qPCR analysis of genes involved in glycerol and lactose metabolism of recombinant culture showed upregulation with AAs supplementation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We hypothesize that supplementation of critical AAs serves dual purpose: (i) faster assimilation of carbon sources, and (ii) combating metabolic stress arises due to AAs starvation. The substrate uptake and gene expression profiles demonstrate that AAs addition enhances glycerol and lactose assimilation due to overall improvement in their metabolism governed by global regulators of carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jashwant Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish S Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jaya A Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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18
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Cascaded processing enables continuous upstream processing with E. coli BL21(DE3). Sci Rep 2021; 11:11477. [PMID: 34075099 PMCID: PMC8169658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In many industrial sectors continuous processing is already the golden standard to maximize productivity. However, when working with living cells, subpopulation formation causes instabilities in long-term cultivations. In cascaded continuous cultivation, biomass formation and recombinant protein expression can be spatially separated. This cultivation mode was found to facilitate stable protein expression using microbial hosts, however mechanistic knowledge of this cultivation strategy is scarce. In this contribution we present a method workflow to reduce workload and accelerate the establishment of stable continuous processes with E. coli BL21(DE3) exclusively based on bioengineering methods.
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19
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Shahzadi I, Al-Ghamdi MA, Nadeem MS, Sajjad M, Ali A, Khan JA, Kazmi I. Scale-up fermentation of Escherichia coli for the production of recombinant endoglucanase from Clostridium thermocellum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7145. [PMID: 33785771 PMCID: PMC8009960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) catalysing the hydrolysis of β-1.4-glycosidic linkage of cellulose molecules is an enzyme of tremendous industrial importance. The present study describes a response surface methodology based predicted model to deduce a set of fermentation conditions for optimum growth and activity of recombinant endoglucanase in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Numerous significant parameters including fermentation media composition, temperature (Celsius), pH and agitation rate (rpm) were analysed systemically by employing central composite design. This effort reports highly efficient recombinant endoglucanase overproduction (6.9 gl-1 of biomass) with 30% expression by E. coli in modified M9NG media incubated at 37 °C and pH 7 agitated at 200 rpm. Addition of 3 mM glucose and 24 mM glycerol in the M9NG media has shown positive effect on the enzyme yield and activity. The CMCase activity experimentally estimated was found to be 1185 U/mg with the optimized parameters. The outcomes of both the responses by the predicted quadratic model were found in consensus with the obtained values. Our results well depicted the favourable conditions to further scale-up the volumetric yield of other relevant recombinant enzymes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Shahzadi
- grid.440564.70000 0001 0415 4232Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- grid.440564.70000 0001 0415 4232Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali
- grid.440564.70000 0001 0415 4232Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Defence Road Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Jalaluddin Azam Khan
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Salazar S, Gutiérrez N, Sánchez O, Ramos E, González A, Acosta J, Ramos T, Altamirano C, Toledo J, Montesino R. Establishment of a production process for a novel vaccine candidate against Lawsonia intracellularis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Kastenhofer J, Rajamanickam V, Libiseller-Egger J, Spadiut O. Monitoring and control of E. coli cell integrity. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:1-12. [PMID: 33485861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli is often done by translocation of the product across the inner membrane (IM) into the periplasm, where it is retained by the outer membrane (OM). While the integrity of the IM is strongly coupled to viability and impurity release, a decrease in OM integrity (corresponding to increased "leakiness") leads to accumulation of product in the extracellular space, strongly impacting the downstream process. Whether leakiness is desired or not, differential monitoring and control of IM and OM integrity are necessary for an efficient E. coli bioprocess in compliance with the guidelines of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology. In this review, we give an overview of relevant monitoring tools, summarize the research on factors affecting E. coli membrane integrity and provide a brief discussion on how the available monitoring technology can be implemented in real-time control of E. coli cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kastenhofer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Libiseller-Egger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Kopp J, Kittler S, Slouka C, Herwig C, Spadiut O, Wurm DJ. Repetitive Fed-Batch: A Promising Process Mode for Biomanufacturing With E. coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:573607. [PMID: 33240864 PMCID: PMC7683717 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.573607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production with Escherichia coli is usually carried out in fed-batch mode in industry. As set-up and cleaning of equipment are time- and cost-intensive, it would be economically and environmentally favorable to reduce the number of these procedures. Switching from fed-batch to continuous biomanufacturing with microbials is not yet applied as these cultivations still suffer from time-dependent variations in productivity. Repetitive fed-batch process technology facilitates critical equipment usage, reduces the environmental fingerprint and potentially increases the overall space-time yield. Surprisingly, studies on repetitive fed-batch processes for recombinant protein production can be found for yeasts only. Knowledge on repetitive fed-batch cultivation technology for recombinant protein production in E. coli is not available until now. In this study, a mixed feed approach, enabling repetitive fed-batch technology for recombinant protein production in E. coli, was developed. Effects of the cultivation mode on the space-time yield for a single-cycle fed-batch, a two-cycle repetitive fed-batch, a three-cycle repetitive fed batch and a chemostat cultivation were investigated. For that purpose, we used two different E. coli strains, expressing a model protein in the cytoplasm or in the periplasm, respectively. Our results demonstrate that a repetitive fed-batch for E. coli leads to a higher space-time yield compared to a single-cycle fed-batch and can potentially outperform continuous biomanufacturing. For the first time, we were able to show that repetitive fed-batch technology is highly suitable for recombinant protein production in E. coli using our mixed feeding approach, as it potentially (i) improves product throughput by using critical equipment to its full capacity and (ii) allows implementation of a more economic process by reducing cleaning and set-up times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kopp
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kittler
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Slouka
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - David J Wurm
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Levine MZ, So B, Mullin AC, Fanter R, Dillard K, Watts KR, La Frano MR, Oza JP. Activation of Energy Metabolism through Growth Media Reformulation Enables a 24-Hour Workflow for Cell-Free Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2765-2774. [PMID: 32835484 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platforms have undergone numerous workflow improvements to enable diverse applications in research, biomanufacturing, and education. The Escherichia coli cell extract-based platform has been broadly adopted due to its affordability and versatility. The upstream processing of cells to generate crude cell lysate remains time-intensive and technically nuanced, representing one of the largest sources of cost associated with the biotechnology. To overcome these limitations, we have improved the processes by developing a long-lasting autoinduction media formulation for CFPS that obviates human intervention between inoculation and harvest. The cell-free autoinduction (CFAI) media supports the production of robust cell extracts from high cell density cultures nearing the stationary phase of growth. As a result, the total mass of cells and the resulting extract volume obtained increases by 400% while maintaining robust reaction yields of reporter protein, sfGFP (>1 mg/mL). Notably, the CFAI workflow allows users to go from cells on a streak plate to completing CFPS reactions within 24 h. The CFAI workflow uniquely enabled us to elucidate the metabolic limits in CFPS associated with cells grown to stationary phase in the traditional 2× YTPG media. Metabolomics analysis demonstrates that CFAI-based extracts overcome these limits due to improved energy metabolism and redox balance. The advances reported here shed new light on the metabolism associated with highly active CFPS reactions and inform future efforts to tune the metabolism in CFPS systems. Additionally, we anticipate that the improvements in the time and cost-efficiency of CFPS will increase the simplicity and reproducibility, reducing the barriers for new researchers interested in implementing CFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Z. Levine
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Application in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Byungcheol So
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Application in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Alissa C. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Application in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Rob Fanter
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Kayla Dillard
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Katharine R. Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Application in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Javin P. Oza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Center for Application in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
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24
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Phosphate starvation controls lactose metabolism to produce recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9707-9718. [PMID: 33001250 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate is one of the major constituents in growth media. It closely regulates central carbon and energy metabolism. Biochemical reactions in central carbon metabolism are known to be regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of enzymes. Phosphate scarcity can limit microbial productivity. However, microorganisms are evolved to grow in phosphate starvation environments. This study investigates the effect of phosphate-starved response (PSR) stimuli in wild-type and recombinant Escherichia coli cells cultivated in two different substrates, lactose, and glycerol. Phosphate-starved E. coli culture sustained bacterial growth despite the metabolic burden that emanated from recombinant protein expression albeit with altered dynamics of substrate utilisation. Induction of lactose in phosphate-starved culture led to a 2-fold improvement in product titre of rSymlin and a 2.3-fold improvement in product titre of rLTNF as compared with phosphate-unlimited culture. The results obtained in the study are in agreement with the literature to infer that phosphate starvation or limitation can slow down the microbial growth rate in order to produce recombinant proteins. Further, under PSR conditions, gene expression analysis demonstrated that while selected genes (gapdh, pykF, ppsA, icdA) in glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway (zwf, gnd, talB, tktA) were up-regulated, other genes in lactose (lacY, lacA) and acetate (ackA, pta) pathway were down-regulated. We have demonstrated that cra, crp, phoB, and phoR are involved in the regulation of central carbon metabolism. We propose a novel cross-regulation between lactose metabolism and phosphate starvation. UDP-galactose, a toxic metabolite that is known to cause cell lysis, has been shown to be significantly reduced due to slow uptake of lactose under PSR conditions. Therefore, E. coli employs a decoupling strategy by limiting growth and redirecting metabolic resources to survive and produce recombinant protein under phosphate starvation conditions. KEY POINTS: • Phosphate starvation controls lactose metabolism, which results in less galactose accumulation. • Phosphate starvation modulates metabolic flow of central carbon metabolism. • Product titre improves by 2-fold due to phosphate starvation. • The approach has been successfully applied to production of two different proteins.
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25
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Agbogbo FK, Ramsey P, George R, Joy J, Srivastava S, Huang M, McCool J. Upstream development of Escherichia coli fermentation process with PhoA promoter using design of experiments (DoE). J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:789-799. [PMID: 32844325 PMCID: PMC7658055 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a fed-batch fermentation development was performed with recombinant E. coli carrying the PhoA promoter system. The phosphate concentrations tested for this PhoA strain, 2.79 mM to 86.4 mM, were beyond the concentrations previously evaluated for cell growth and product titer. The results from the scouting work was used for design of experiments (DoE) where a range of phosphate levels from 27.1 mM to 86.4 mM was simultaneously evaluated with temperature, pH and DO set points. Definitive screening was used to evaluate these parameters simultaneously and the results indicate that fermentation temperature and phosphate content are the major contributors of product titer. The other factors tested such as pH had a minimal effect and DO had no impact on product titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Agbogbo
- Cytovance Biologics, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Phil Ramsey
- Predictum Inc., Austin, TX, USA
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Renija George
- Cytovance Biologics, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jobin Joy
- Cytovance Biologics, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Cytovance Biologics, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mian Huang
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 770 Lindaro Street, San Rafael, CA, 94901, USA
| | - Jesse McCool
- Cytovance Biologics, 800 Research Parkway, Suite 200, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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26
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Kittler S, Kopp J, Veelenturf PG, Spadiut O, Delvigne F, Herwig C, Slouka C. The Lazarus Escherichia coli Effect: Recovery of Productivity on Glycerol/Lactose Mixed Feed in Continuous Biomanufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:993. [PMID: 32903513 PMCID: PMC7438448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cultivation with Escherichia coli has several benefits compared to classical fed-batch cultivation. The economic benefits would be a stable process, which leads to time independent quality of the product, and hence ease the downstream process. However, continuous biomanufacturing with E. coli is known to exhibit a drop of productivity after about 4–5 days of cultivation depending on dilution rate. These cultivations are generally performed on glucose, being the favorite carbon source for E. coli and used in combination with isopropyl β-D-1 thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for induction. In recent works, harsh induction with IPTG was changed to softer induction using lactose for T7-based plasmids, with the result of reducing the metabolic stress and tunability of productivity. These mixed feed systems based on glucose and lactose result in high amounts of correctly folded protein. In this study we used different mixed feed systems with glucose/lactose and glycerol/lactose to investigate productivity of E. coli based chemostats. We tested different strains producing three model proteins, with the final aim of a stable long-time protein expression. While glucose fed chemostats showed the well-known drop in productivity after a certain process time, glycerol fed cultivations recovered productivity after about 150 h of induction, which corresponds to around 30 generation times. We want to further highlight that the cellular response upon galactose utilization in E. coli BL21(DE3), might be causing fluctuating productivity, as galactose is referred to be a weak inducer. This “Lazarus” phenomenon has not been described in literature before and may enable a stabilization of continuous cultivation with E. coli using different carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kittler
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Gwen Veelenturf
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Delvigne
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Slouka
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Rezaei L, Shojaosadati SA, Farahmand L, Moradi‐Kalbolandi S. Enhancement of extracellular bispecific anti-MUC1 nanobody expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) by optimization of temperature and carbon sources through an autoinduction condition. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:338-349. [PMID: 32774206 PMCID: PMC7401236 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most suitable hosts for production of antibodies and antibody fragments. Antibody fragment secretion to the culture medium improves product purity in cell culture and diminishes downstream costs. In this study, E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring gene encoding bispecific anti-MUC1 nanobody was selected, and the autoinduction methodology for expression of bispecific anti-MUC1 nanobody was investigated. Due to the replacement of IPTG by lactose as inducer, less impurity and toxicity in the final product were observed. To increase both intracellular and extracellular nanobody production, initially, the experiments were performed for the key factors including temperature and duration of protein expression. The highest amount of nanobody was produced after 21 h at 33°C. The effect of different carbon sources, glycerol, glucose, lactose, and glycine as a medium additive at optimum temperature and time were also assessed by using response surface methodology. The optimized concentrations of carbon sources were obtained as 0.75% (w/v), 0.03% (w/v), 0.1% (w/v), and 0.75% (w/v) for glycerol, glucose, lactose, and glycine, respectively. Finally, the production of nanobody in 2 L fermenter under the optimized autoinduction conditions was evaluated. The results show that the total titer of 87.66 µg/mL anti-MUC1 nanobody, which is approximately seven times more than the total titer of nanobody produced in LB culture medium, is 12.23 µg/L .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rezaei
- Biotechnology GroupFaculty of Chemical EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehranIran
| | - Shima Moradi‐Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehranIran
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Miret J, Román R, Benito M, Casablancas A, Guillén M, Álvaro G, González G. Development of a highly efficient production process for recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli NEB10β. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Schwaighofer A, Ablasser S, Lux L, Kopp J, Herwig C, Spadiut O, Lendl B, Slouka C. Production of Active Recombinant Hyaluronidase Inclusion Bodies from Apis mellifera in E. coli Bl21(DE3) and characterization by FT-IR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3881. [PMID: 32485932 PMCID: PMC7313074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium E. coli is one of the most important hosts for recombinant protein production. The benefits are high growth rates, inexpensive media, and high protein titers. However, complex proteins with high molecular weight and many disulfide bonds are expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs). In the last decade, the overall perception of these IBs being not functional proteins changed, as enzyme activity was found within IBs. Several applications for direct use of IBs are already reported in literature. While fluorescent proteins or protein tags are used for determination of IB activity to date, direct measurements of IB protein activity are scacre. The expression of recombinant hyaluronidase from Apis mellifera in E. coli BL21(DE3) was analyzed using a face centered design of experiment approach. Hyaluronidase is a hard to express protein and imposes a high metabolic burden to the host. Conditions giving a high specific IB titer were found at 25 °C at low specific substrate uptake rates and induction times of 2 to 4 h. The protein activity of hyaluronidase IBs was verified using (Fourier transform) FT-IR spectroscopy. Degradation of the substrate hyaluronan occurred at increased rates with higher IB concentrations. Active recombinant hyaluronidase IBs can be immediately used for direct degradation of hyaluronan without further down streaming steps. FT-IR spectroscopy was introduced as a method for tracking IB activity and showed differences in degradation behavior of hyaluronan dependent on the applied active IB concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schwaighofer
- FG Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Wien, Austria; (A.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Sarah Ablasser
- FG Bioprocess Technology, ICEBE, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.A.); (J.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Laurin Lux
- FG Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Wien, Austria; (A.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Julian Kopp
- FG Bioprocess Technology, ICEBE, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.A.); (J.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Christoph Herwig
- FG Bioprocess Technology, ICEBE, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.A.); (J.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- FG Integrated Bioprocess Development, ICEBE, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- FG Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Wien, Austria; (A.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Christoph Slouka
- FG Integrated Bioprocess Development, ICEBE, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
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A Gram-Scale Limonene Production Process with Engineered Escherichia coli. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081881. [PMID: 32325737 PMCID: PMC7221582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes, such as the cyclic terpene limonene, are valuable and important natural products widely used in food, cosmetics, household chemicals, and pharmaceutical applications. The biotechnological production of limonene with microorganisms may complement traditional plant extraction methods. For this purpose, the bioprocess needs to be stable and ought to show high titers and space-time yields. In this study, a limonene production process was developed with metabolically engineered Escherichia coli at the bioreactor scale. Therefore, fed-batch fermentations in minimal medium and in the presence of a non-toxic organic phase were carried out with E. coli BL21 (DE3) pJBEI-6410 harboring the optimized genes for the mevalonate pathway and the limonene synthase from Mentha spicata on a single plasmid. The feasibility of glycerol as the sole carbon source for cell growth and limonene synthesis was examined, and it was applied in an optimized fermentation setup. Titers on a gram-scale of up to 7.3 g·Lorg-1 (corresponding to 3.6 g·L-1 in the aqueous production phase) were achieved with industrially viable space-time yields of 0.15 g·L-1·h-1. These are the highest monoterpene concentrations obtained with a microorganism to date, and these findings provide the basis for the development of an economic and industrially relevant bioprocess.
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31
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Hausjell J, Kutscha R, Gesson JD, Reinisch D, Spadiut O. The Effects of Lactose Induction on a Plasmid-Free E. coli T7 Expression System. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E8. [PMID: 31935883 PMCID: PMC7175309 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant production of pharmaceutical proteins like antigen binding fragments (Fabs) in the commonly-used production host Escherichia coli presents several challenges. The predominantly-used plasmid-based expression systems exhibit the drawback of either excessive plasmid amplification or plasmid loss over prolonged cultivations. To improve production, efforts are made to establish plasmid-free expression, ensuring more stable process conditions. Another strategy to stabilize production processes is lactose induction, leading to increased soluble product formation and cell fitness, as shown in several studies performed with plasmid-based expression systems. Within this study we wanted to investigate lactose induction for a strain with a genome-integrated gene of interest for the first time. We found unusually high specific lactose uptake rates, which we could attribute to the low levels of lac-repressor protein that is usually encoded not only on the genome but additionally on pET plasmids. We further show that these unusually high lactose uptake rates are toxic to the cells, leading to increased cell leakiness and lysis. Finally, we demonstrate that in contrast to plasmid-based T7 expression systems, IPTG induction is beneficial for genome-integrated T7 expression systems concerning cell fitness and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hausjell
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Regina Kutscha
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Jeannine D. Gesson
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria; (J.D.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniela Reinisch
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria; (J.D.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (R.K.)
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32
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Kopp J, Slouka C, Spadiut O, Herwig C. The Rocky Road From Fed-Batch to Continuous Processing With E. coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:328. [PMID: 31824931 PMCID: PMC6880763 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli still serves as a beloved workhorse for the production of many biopharmaceuticals as it fulfills essential criteria, such as having fast doubling times, exhibiting a low risk of contamination, and being easy to upscale. Most industrial processes in E. coli are carried out in fed-batch mode. However, recent trends show that the biotech industry is moving toward time-independent processing, trying to improve the space-time yield, and especially targeting constant quality attributes. In the 1950s, the term "chemostat" was introduced for the first time by Novick and Szilard, who followed up on the previous work performed by Monod. Chemostat processing resulted in a major hype 10 years after its official introduction. However, enthusiasm decreased as experiments suffered from genetic instabilities and physiology issues. Major improvements in strain engineering and the usage of tunable promotor systems facilitated chemostat processes. In addition, critical process parameters have been identified, and the effects they have on diverse quality attributes are understood in much more depth, thereby easing process control. By pooling the knowledge gained throughout the recent years, new applications, such as parallelization, cascade processing, and population controls, are applied nowadays. However, to control the highly heterogeneous cultivation broth to achieve stable productivity throughout long-term cultivations is still tricky. Within this review, we discuss the current state of E. coli fed-batch process understanding and its tech transfer potential within continuous processing. Furthermore, the achievements in the continuous upstream applications of E. coli and the continuous downstream processing of intracellular proteins will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Slouka
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna, Austria
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Kopp J, Kolkmann AM, Veleenturf PG, Spadiut O, Herwig C, Slouka C. Boosting Recombinant Inclusion Body Production-From Classical Fed-Batch Approach to Continuous Cultivation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:297. [PMID: 31737617 PMCID: PMC6834550 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
State of the art microbial recombinant protein production is regularly performed in fed-batch based cultivations. However, these cultivations suffer from highly time-dependent changes in productivity and product quality, leading to high variations in the downstream process. Continuous biomanufacturing offers the possibility of a time independent process, boosting the time-space-yield of the recombinantly produced protein and further reducing costs for production, also as downstream gets more predictive. In the current work, the continuous production of a pharmaceutically relevant protein in form of an inclusion body in E. coli BL21(DE3) was investigated in single vessel cultivations by varying dilution rates using glycerol as carbon source, inducer (lactose or IPTG) and respective inducer concentrations. Attempts to increase low specific productivities observed in single vessel continuous cultivations, led to the establishment of a continuously operated cascade of two stirred tank reactors to spatially separate biomass formation from recombinant protein production. Process performance was substantially improved compared to a single vessel chemostat culture, as specific productivity and space-time yield were boosted using an optimized cascaded process by about a factor of 100. This study shows the potential of a two-stage continuous process as promising alternative to benchmark fed-batch processes achieving constant inclusion body production at a time-independent level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Kolkmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Gwen Veleenturf
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.,Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Slouka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Pawar S, Chaudhari A. Pyrrolnitrin from Rhizospheric Serratia marcescens NCIM 5696: Optimization of Process Parameters Using Statistical Tools and Seed-Applied Bioprotectants for Vigna radiata (L.) Against Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 9913. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:803-825. [PMID: 31493159 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of chemical fungicide in the health and agriculture sectors has increased environmental concerns and promoted an extensive search for alternative bioactives from the microbial system. In the present study, two rhizospheric strains of Serratia spp. (TO-2 and TW-3) have been shown to secrete pyrrolnitrin (PRN) in the range of 11.35 to 35.97 μg ml-1 using MSG and MSD medium after 72 h under static and shake conditions, respectively, but thereafter marginally declined in 96 to 240 h. Alternative one variable assortment at a time (OVAT) for PRN secretion by TW-3 yielded 59.27 μg ml-1 using (gl-1) glycerol (20), monosodium glutamate (14), KH2PO4 (14), NH4Cl (3), Na2HPO4 (4), and MgSO4 (0.3) at pH 7, 120 rpm within 72 h. Further, the Placket-Burman Design (PBD) identified KH2PO4, glycerol, pH, and monosodium glutamate as significant variables and optimized by centered composite design. Accordingly, 3% glycerol, 1.72% KH2PO4, 1.1% monosodium glutamate, 0.4% Na2HPO4, 0.03% MgSO4, 0.05% FeSO4, and 0.01% ZnSO4 were found to enhance the yield of PRN to 96.54 μg ml-1 by TW-3 in 72 h, 120 rpm. Thus, the statistical tool employed in the present study showed a threefold hike in PRN secretion over the OVAT approach, thereby indicating the scope for more PRN production from rhizobacteria. Further, seed application of low PRN (30 μg ml-1) concentration in treatments I and II showed > 90% germination in the initial seed germination and pot assay with the Fusarium oxysporum challenge compared to the control. Also, various growth parameters calculated during 11 days of experiment were significantly increased compared to the negative control (seed + fungus) in both treatments. Thus, the application of PRN at a low concentration to seeds of Vigna radiata (L.) offered protection against the phytopathogenic F. oxysporum MTCC 9913 challenge, suggesting biocontrol activity potential for use in agriculture soils particularly salt-affected soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Pawar
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, India
| | - Ambalal Chaudhari
- School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, India.
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35
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Barazesh M, Mostafavipour Z, Kavousipour S, Mohammadi S, Mokarram P. Two Simple Methods for Optimizing the Production of "Difficult-to-Express" GnRH-DFF40 Chimeric Protein. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:423-431. [PMID: 31592077 PMCID: PMC6773931 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: GnRH-DFF40 (gonadotropin releasing hormone - DNA fragmentation factor 40) is
a humanized recombinant immunotoxin and serves as a prospective candidate for targeted
therapy of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) overexpressing malignancies.
However, its production in Escherichia coli in a soluble and functional form still remains a
challenge. Here we introduce two successful and reproducible conditions for production and
purification of “difficult-to-express” GnRH-DFF40 protein.
Methods: A synthetic codon optimized GnRH-DFF40 fusion gene was cloned in pET28a
plasmid. Two methods including high cell density IPTG induction (HCDI) and autoinduction
method (AIM) with a focus on obtaining high cell density have been investigated to enhance the
protein production in (E. coli). Moreover, to obtain higher protein production several factors in
the AIM method including carbon sources, incubation time and temperature, plasmid stability
and double colony selection, were optimized.
Results: Remarkable amounts of soluble GnRH-DFF40 protein were achieved by both methods.
Cell density and protein yields in AIM was about 1.5 fold higher than that what obtained using
HCDI. Initial screening showed that 25ºC is better to achieve higher protein production in both
methods. pH alterations in AIM were maintained in a more constant level at 25ºC and 37ºC
temperatures without any detrimental effects on cell growth during protein production phase
up to 21 hours after incubation. Plasmid stability during growth and expression induction phase
was maintained at a high level of 98% and 96% for AIM and HCDI methods, respectively. After
parameter optimization and double colony selection in AIM, a very high yield of recombinant
protein was achieved (528.3 mg/L).
Conclusion: With the optimization of these high cell density expression methods, reproducible
manifold enhancement of soluble protein yields can be achieved for “difficult-to-express”
GnRH-DFF40 compared to conventional expression methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Barazesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.,Recombinant Proteins Lab, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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36
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Slouka C, Kopp J, Strohmer D, Kager J, Spadiut O, Herwig C. Monitoring and control strategies for inclusion body production in E. coli based on glycerol consumption. J Biotechnol 2019; 296:75-82. [PMID: 30904592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium E. coli is the host of choice for the production of a multitude of recombinant proteins in industry. Generally, cultivation is easy, media are cheap and a high product titer can be obtained. However, harsh induction procedures using IPTG as inducer are often referred to cause stress reactions, leading to a phenomenon known as metabolic burden and expression of inclusion bodies. In this contribution, we present different strategies for determination of critical timepoints for product stability in an E. coli IB bioprocess. As non-controlled feeding during induction regularly led to undesired product loss, we applied physiological feeding control. We found that the feeding strategy has indeed high impact on IB productivity. However, high applied qs,C increased IB product titer, but subsequently stressed the cells and finally led to product degradation. Calculating the cumulated glycerol uptake of the cells during induction phase (dSn), we found an empirical value, which serves as a strong indicator for process performance and can be used as process analytical tool. We tested different approaches starting from offline control. Glycerol accumulation could be used as trigger to establish a model-based approach to predict titer and viable cell concentration for a model protein. This straight forward control and model-based approach is high beneficial for upstream development and for increasing stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Slouka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Strohmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Kager
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Slouka C, Kopp J, Spadiut O, Herwig C. Perspectives of inclusion bodies for bio-based products: curse or blessing? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:1143-1153. [PMID: 30569219 PMCID: PMC6394472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Escherichia coli is a major host for recombinant protein production of non-glycosylated products. Depending on the expression strategy, the recombinant protein can be located intracellularly, which often leads to protein aggregates inside of the cytoplasm, forming so the called inclusion bodies (IBs). When compared to other protein expression strategies, inclusion body formation allows high product titers and also the possibility of expressing proteins being toxic for the host. In the past years, the comprehension of inclusion bodies being only inactive protein aggregates changed, and the new term of non-classical inclusion bodies emerged. These inclusion bodies are believed to contain a reasonable amount of active protein within their structure. However, subsequent downstream processing, such as homogenisation of cells, centrifugation or solubilisation of IBs, is prone to variable process performance and is often known to result in low extraction yields. It is hypothesised that variations in IB quality attributes are responsible for those effects and that such attributes can be controlled by upstream process conditions. In this review, we address the impact of process design (process parameters) in the upstream on defined inclusion body quality attributes. The following topics are therefore addressed: (i) an overview of the range of inclusion body applications (including emerging technologies); (ii) analytical methods to determine quality attributes; and (iii) screws in process engineering to achieve the desired quality attributes for different inclusion body-based applications. Process parameters in the upstream can be used to trigger different quality attributes including protein activity, but are not exploited to a satisfying content yet. Design by quality approaches in the upstream are already considered for a multitude of existing processes. Further intensifying this approach may pave the industrial application for new IB-based products and improves IB processing, as discussed within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Slouka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße, 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße, 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße, 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße, 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße, 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Ni W, Liu H, Wang P, Wang L, Sun X, Wang H, Zhao G, Zheng Z. Evaluation of multiple fused partners on enhancing soluble level of prenyltransferase NovQ in Escherichia coli. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:465-474. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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39
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Kopp J, Slouka C, Strohmer D, Kager J, Spadiut O, Herwig C. Inclusion Body Bead Size in E. coli Controlled by Physiological Feeding. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6040116. [PMID: 30477255 PMCID: PMC6313631 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium E. coli is the host of choice for producing a multitude of recombinant proteins relevant in the pharmaceutical industry. Generally, cultivation is easy, media are cheap, and a high product titer can be obtained. However, harsh induction procedures combined with the usage of IPTG (isopropyl β-d-1 thiogalactopyranoside) as an inducer are often believed to cause stress reactions, leading to intracellular protein aggregates, which are so known as so-called inclusion bodies (IBs). Downstream applications in bacterial processes cause the bottleneck in overall process performance, as bacteria lack many post-translational modifications, resulting in time and cost-intensive approaches. Especially purification of inclusion bodies is notoriously known for its long processing times and low yields. In this contribution, we present screening strategies for determination of inclusion body bead size in an E. coli-based bioprocess producing exclusively inclusion bodies. Size can be seen as a critical quality attribute (CQA), as changes in inclusion body behavior have a major effect on subsequent downstream processing. A model-based approach was used, aiming to trigger a distinct inclusion body size: Physiological feeding control, using qs,C as a critical process parameter, has a high impact on inclusion body size and could be modelled using a hyperbolic saturation mechanism calculated in form of a cumulated substrate uptake rate. Within this model, the sugar uptake rate of the cells, in the form of the cumulated sugar uptake-value, was simulated and considered being a key performance indicator for determination of the desired size. We want to highlight that the usage of the mentioned screening strategy in combination with a model-based approach will allow tuning of the process towards a certain inclusion body size using a qs based control only. Optimized inclusion body size at the time-point of harvest should stabilize downstream processing and, therefore, increase the overall time-space yield. Furthermore, production of distinct inclusion body size may be interesting for application as a biocatalyst and nanoparticulate material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Slouka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Strohmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julian Kager
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Hausjell J, Weissensteiner J, Molitor C, Halbwirth H, Spadiut O. E. coli HMS174(DE3) is a sustainable alternative to BL21(DE3). Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:169. [PMID: 30376846 PMCID: PMC6206895 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is one of the most widely used hosts for recombinant protein production in academia and industry. Strain BL21(DE3) is frequently employed due to its advantageous feature of lacking proteases which avoids degradation of target protein. Usually it is used in combination with the T7-pET system where induction is performed by one point addition of IPTG. We recently published a few studies regarding lactose induction in BL21(DE3) strains. BL21(DE3) can only take up the glucose-part of the disaccharide when fed with lactose. However, initially additional glucose has to be supplied as otherwise the ATP-related lactose uptake barely happens. Yet, as lactose is an inexpensive compound compared to glucose and IPTG, a new induction strategy by a lactose-only feed during induction seems attractive. Thus, we investigated this idea in the galactose metabolizing strain HMS174(DE3). Results We show that strain HMS174(DE3) can be cultivated on lactose as sole carbon source during induction. We demonstrate that strain HMS174(DE3) exhibits higher product and biomass yields compared to BL21(DE3) when cultivated in a lactose fed-batch. More importantly, HMS174(DE3) cultivated on lactose even expresses more product than BL21(DE3) in a standard IPTG induced glucose fed-batch at the same growth rate. Finally, we demonstrate that productivity in HMS174(DE3) lactose-fed batch cultivations can easily be influenced by the specific lactose uptake rate (qs,lac). This is shown for two model proteins, one expressed in soluble form and one as inclusion body. Conclusions As strain HMS174(DE3) expresses even slightly higher amounts of target protein in a lactose fed-batch than BL21(DE3) in a standard cultivation, it seems a striking alternative for recombinant protein production. Especially for large scale production of industrial enzymes cheap substrates are essential. Besides cost factors, the strategy allows straight forward adjustment of specific product titers by variation of the lactose feed rate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1016-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hausjell
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Weissensteiner
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Molitor
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
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Slouka C, Kopp J, Hutwimmer S, Strahammer M, Strohmer D, Eitenberger E, Schwaighofer A, Herwig C. Custom made inclusion bodies: impact of classical process parameters and physiological parameters on inclusion body quality attributes. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:148. [PMID: 30236107 PMCID: PMC6148765 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterium E. coli is a major host for recombinant protein production of non-glycosylated products. Depending on the expression strategy, the recombinant protein can be located intracellularly. In many cases the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs), protein aggregates inside of the cytoplasm of the cell, is favored in order to achieve high productivities and to cope with toxic products. However, subsequent downstream processing, including homogenization of the cells, centrifugation or solubilization of the IBs, is prone to variable process performance or can be characterized by low extraction yields as published elsewhere. It is hypothesized that variations in IB quality attributes (QA) are responsible for those effects and that such attributes can be controlled by upstream process conditions. This contribution is aimed at analyzing how standard process parameters, such as pH and temperature (T) as well as different controlled levels of physiological parameters, such as specific substrate uptake rates, can vary IB quality attributes. Results Classical process parameters like pH and T influence the expression of analyzed IB. The effect on the three QAs titer, size and purity could be successfully revealed. The developed data driven model showed that low temperatures and low pH are favorable for the expression of the two tested industrially relevant proteins. Based on this knowledge, physiological control using specific substrate feeding rate (of glucose) qs,Glu is altered and the impact is tested for one protein. Conclusions Time dependent monitoring of IB QA—titer, purity, IB bead size—showed a dependence on classical process parameters pH and temperature. These findings are confirmed using a second industrially relevant strain. Optimized process conditions for pH and temperature were used to determine dependence on the physiological parameters, the specific substrate uptake rate (qs,Glu). Higher qs,Glu were shown to have a strong influence on the analyzed IB QAs and drastically increase the titer and purity in early time stages. We therefore present a novel approach to modulate—time dependently—quality attributes in upstream processing to enable robust downstream processing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0997-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Slouka
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Kopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Strahammer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Strohmer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eitenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. .,Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Improved production of 1-deoxynojirymicin in Escherichia coli through metabolic engineering. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:77. [PMID: 29796897 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Azasugars, such as 1-deoxynojirymicin (1-DNJ), are associated with diverse pharmaceutical applications, such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-HIV, and antitumor properties. Different azasugars have been isolated from diverse microbial and plant sources though complicated purification steps, or generated by costly chemical synthesis processes. But the biosynthesis of such potent molecules using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host provides a broader opportunity to access these molecules, particularly by utilizing synthetic biological, metabolic engineering, and process optimization approaches. This work used an integrated approach of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, and pathway optimization for rational metabolic engineering, leading to the improved production of 1-DNJ. The production of 1-DNJ in recombinant E. coli culture broth was confirmed by enzymatic assays and mass spectrometric analysis. Specifically, the pathway engineering for its key precursor, fructose-6-phosphate, along with optimized media condition, results in the highest production levels. When combined, 1-DNJ production was extended to ~ 273 mg/L, which is the highest titer of production of 1-DNJ reported using E. coli.
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